• CRITISUP2 aims at exploring criticality in superfluid spin ½ Fermi gases where the interplay between temperature spin polarization and interactions is at the origin of a rich phase diagram and a variety of phase transitions. (europa.eu)
  • We will also study the phase diagram and critical counterflow of dual Bose-Fermi superfluids which have emerged as a new paradigm of quantum matter. (europa.eu)
  • This system realizes a new type of the Fermi- Hubbard model, and we draw the phase diagram of the system within mean field theory. (aalto.fi)
  • We study the phase-locking transition of two coupled low-dimensional superfluids, either two-dimensional superfluids at finite temperature, or one-dimensional superfluids at zero temperature. (aps.org)
  • I took up a post-doctoral position at the University of Queensland in the Center of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics, working with Matthew Davis, Murray Olsen and Margaret Reid on the theory of finite temperature superfluids and quantum entanglement. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Away from the transition, the quantum effects are certainly important even at finite temperature, as the corresponding classical system is described by a completely different $d$ -dimensional field theory with no imaginary time direction. (stackexchange.com)
  • The discovery of the coexistence of the Nambu solution and the Wigner solution at finite temperature and chemical potential beyond the chiral limit is of great importance in the study of the chiral phase transition of QCD. (epj.org)
  • Superfluid helium, for example, forms a 30-nm-thick film on the surface of any container. (wikipedia.org)
  • In looking at phase transitions in thin films, specifically helium, the two main experimental signatures are the superfluid fraction and heat capacity. (wikipedia.org)
  • A typical set of data clearly showing the superfluid decoupling in helium films is shown in ref. 2. (wikipedia.org)
  • As helium is reduced in temperature toward almost absolute zero, a strange phase transition occurs, and the helium takes on the form of a superfluid. (todayinsci.com)
  • Wilson and Fisher (1972) succeeded in determining a set of fixed points (known as Wilson-Fisher fixed points ) relevant for a large class of phase transitions (liquid-vapour, Helium, ferromagnets. (scholarpedia.org)
  • In the case of water ice, this lead to the "residual entropy" problem made famous by Pauling, and in the case of liquid helium, the low-temperature heat capacity anomaly was indicative of a transition to a superfluid phase. (brandonu.ca)
  • However, only liquid helium is superfluid on Earth. (ex.ac.uk)
  • 12. Thomas C. Chuang, "Dimensional Analysis for Gorter-Mellink Counter Flow Convection in Pressurized Superfluid Helium" The International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, pp 455-459, Jan. 2005. (vnu.edu.tw)
  • Predicted by Bose and Einstein in the 1920s, the phenomenon first connected with the superfluid properties of liquid helium. (lu.se)
  • The phase-locking is accompanied by a sizeable increase of the transition temperature ($T_{KT}$ in 2D) of the resulting double-layer superfluid, which suggests a plausible way of observing the Kibble-Zurek mechanism in two-dimensional cold atom systems by rapidly changing the ratio $T/T_{KT}$ varying the tunneling rate between the superfluids. (aps.org)
  • By measuring the period drop as a function of temperature, and total loading of the film from the empty cell value, one can deduce the fraction of the film that has entered the superfluid state. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifically, they found that the transition temperature scaled with film thickness and the superfluid transition is found in films as thin as 5% of a monolayer. (wikipedia.org)
  • More recently, it has been found that near the transition temperature when the correlation lengths exceed any relevant length scale in the system, a multiply connected film will behave as a 3D system near its critical point. (wikipedia.org)
  • A phase transition is a natural phenomenon in which a small change in a parameter, such as temperature, leads to drastic change in the properties of a substance, for instance water turning into ice. (phys.org)
  • The mechanism was first proposed in the context of cosmology to explain how, during the expansion of the early Universe, the rapid cooling below a critical temperature induced a cosmological phase transition resulting in the creation of domain structures. (lanl.gov)
  • Quantized vortices produced in a pancake-shaped condensate by a fast quench across the transition temperature have been already observed, but their limited statistics prevented a test of the KZM scaling. (lanl.gov)
  • Low temperature matter exhibits a spectacular variety of highly ordered states that occur through phase transitions. (europa.eu)
  • Continuous phase transitions display, near the critical temperature, remarkable universal ( i.e., independent of the specific system within a wide class of systems) macroscopic or large distance properties. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Fermionic atoms confined in a potential created by standing wave light can undergo a phase transition to a superfluid state at a dramatically increased transition temperature. (harvard.edu)
  • Starting from a Lagrangian for two complex scalar fields, we derive a temperature-dependent Ginzburg-Landau potential, which is then used to compute the phase diagram at nonzero temperature and external magnetic field. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Field theory in superfluid [3]He: What are the lessons for particle physics, gravity, and high-temperature superconductivity? (aalto.fi)
  • Classical phase transitions are driven by thermal fluctuations which die out at $T = 0$ , hence classical phase transitions don't happen at zero temperature. (stackexchange.com)
  • A real phase transition (not a crossover) from classical thermal gas to a condensate happens at non-zero temperature. (stackexchange.com)
  • Consider an infinitely large quantum system (at any temperature, zero or otherwise) that is near, but not necessarily at, a phase transition. (stackexchange.com)
  • Although the topological QPT has strong effect on magnetoresistance, it is interesting that the superconducting (SC) critical temperature Tc, the superfluid density, and the SC gap all change smoothly and continuously across pcr and no sudden effects are seen concomitantly with the suppression of the Td structure. (uzh.ch)
  • On rubidium we have measured the wetting temperature and showed that the two 4 He films of different thicknesses that coexist are probably both superfluid. (ex.ac.uk)
  • We find polarization even at zero temperature in this phase. (aalto.fi)
  • Using a mean-field approach, we show that the response of the system is strongly sensitive to the underlying (equilibrium) quantum phase transition from a Mott insulator to a superfluid state at commensurate filling. (princeton.edu)
  • The KZM has been studied across the quantum superfluid to Mott insulator transition with atomic gases trapped in optical lattices. (lanl.gov)
  • The results show that as the compound approaches the Mott insulating phase, the mobile Bogoliubov quasiparticles from the Cooper pairs are slowly being replaced by the localized electrons. (blogspot.com)
  • This paper had a tremendous impact and was soon followed by experimental realization of this quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator. (wolffund.org.il)
  • This is the case in the superfluid-Mott insulator transition in the Bose-Hubbard model, for example, which is due to interactions. (stackexchange.com)
  • Around the critical point of the phase transition between superfluid-to-Mott insulator, the correlation length gets divergent. (ustc.edu.cn)
  • To probe theories of dynamical aspects of thin film phase transitions one must use an oscillator with a much higher frequency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers from Aalto University and Tampere University have developed a new theoretical method to study dynamical phase transitions in strongly correlated quantum systems. (phys.org)
  • The new method to predict dynamical quantum phase transitions could be employed this way to study the performance of quantum computers," says Teemu Ojanen, Professor of computational physics at Tampere University. (phys.org)
  • The original research article, published in Physical Review X , is titled "Determination of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions In Strongly Correlated Many-Body Systems Using Loschmidt Cumulants. (phys.org)
  • Sebastiano Peotta et al, Determination of Dynamical Quantum Phase Transitions in Strongly Correlated Many-Body Systems Using Loschmidt Cumulants, Physical Review X (2021). (phys.org)
  • Fundamental advances have been achieved in many areas, from analog models of relativistic phenomena such as the Hawking Effect, to our basic understanding of superfluidity and tests of the Kibble-Zurek theory of symmetry breaking in dynamical phase transitions. (otago.ac.nz)
  • David J. Thouless was awarded the prize in 2016 "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter. (boundless.com)
  • Duncan Haldane shared the 2016 prize "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter. (boundless.com)
  • In simple terms, it is the mathematical insights on phases of matter like superfluids and superconductors. (cashkaro.com)
  • Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov was awarded the 2003 prize "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids. (boundless.com)
  • Anthony James Leggett won the prize in 2003 "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids. (boundless.com)
  • This self-organization transition takes place when the increased kinetic energy of the gas due to a nonuniform density can be compensated by a reduction in the strength of the interatomic interactions mediated by the cavity, which is proportional to the pump power. (aps.org)
  • We study a superconductor that is coupled to a superfluid via density and derivative couplings. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Yuan, Z. -S. Geometrical characterization of reduced density matrices reveals quantum phase transitions in many-body systems. (ustc.edu.cn)
  • We find out that the order of the superfluid phase transition depends also on the density. (aalto.fi)
  • We find that the coherence of the cavity emission after a quantum quench can be used to determine the phase diagram of an optical many-body system even in the presence of dissipation. (princeton.edu)
  • In the absence of disorder, we determine the phase diagram and identify a new phase characterized by edge states with alternating chirality in adjacent gaps. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Our systematic characterizations of the structure and SC properties associated with the topological QPT provide deep insight into the pressure induced phase diagram in this topological quantum material. (uzh.ch)
  • We construct the phase diagram of the system by minimizing the grand potential to solve the superfluid order parameter. (aalto.fi)
  • Using the pressure difference between Nambu phase and Wigner phase (or in other words, the bag constant) as an order parameter for chiral phase transition, we draw a possible phase diagram based on our calculations. (epj.org)
  • Quantum phase transitions are driven by quantum fluctuations which prevail at $T = 0$ and thus can lead to macroscopic change in the system (quantum phase transition). (stackexchange.com)
  • This orbital motion is similar to the familiar electron orbitals in an atom except that the radius is macroscopic in a superfluid. (ex.ac.uk)
  • When brought to sufficiently low temperatures, a dilute gas of bosonic atoms may undergo a phase transition to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), bringing microscopic quantum effects onto a macroscopic scale. (lu.se)
  • Such tunable-range interactions could be used to study collective quantum phenomena and phase transitions that are currently beyond the reach of other atomic systems and other cavity QED systems. (aps.org)
  • In these systems, when the pump frequency is far detuned from atomic transitions in the gas and the pump power reaches a certain threshold, the atoms self-organize spontaneously into one of two possible checkerboard patterns while simultaneously "superradiating" light into the cavity. (aps.org)
  • It has been argued by Zurek and Kibble that the likelihood of producing defects in a continuous phase transition depends in a characteristic way on the quench rate. (dtu.dk)
  • 131, 060404 (2023)], we explore features of scale invariant dynamics of survival probability and SFF at criticality, i.e., at eigenstate transitions from quantum chaos to localization. (arxiv.org)
  • Here we report on the observation of solitons resulting from phase defects of the order parameter, spontaneously created in an elongated Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium atoms. (lanl.gov)
  • But as a superfluid, the atoms then move in a co-ordinated manner! (todayinsci.com)
  • Research at Mathematical Physics in this area concerns novel types of few- and many-body quantum systems with cold atoms at the crossover between microscopic and "thermodynamic" behavior, studying precursors of phase transitions and hitherto unknown states of quantum matter in finite quantum systems. (lu.se)
  • When part of the film becomes superfluid, it no longer has any viscosity and will remain at rest in the lab frame, lowering the moment of inertia of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, if a rotational state is set up in such a fluid then it can persist indefinitely - it appears as though the liquid has zero viscosity, i.e. it is superfluid. (ex.ac.uk)
  • Phase transitions is the basic phenomena of equilibrium statistical physics. (phys.org)
  • In quantum systems, phase transitions and associated critical phenomena constitute a central issue of modern physics. (europa.eu)
  • In close collaboration between theory and experiment, we found a few-body precursor of a quantum phase transition from a normal to a superfluid phase, signaled by the softening of a mode analogous to the Higgs mechanism in particle physics. (lu.se)
  • The Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM) describes the spontaneous formation of defects in systems that cross a second-order phase transition at a finite rate. (lanl.gov)
  • We support our observations by comparing the estimated speed of the transition front in the gas to the speed of the sonic causal horizon, showing that solitons are produced in a regime of inhomogeneous Kibble-Zurek mechanism. (lanl.gov)
  • Experimental evidences have been observed in superfluid $^3$He, in superconducting films and rings and in ion chains. (lanl.gov)
  • Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) involve transformations between different states of matter that are driven by quantum fluctuations. (harvard.edu)
  • However, very close the transition, the correlation length $\xi$ diverges. (stackexchange.com)
  • Classical Statistical Mechanics: Phase space. (unict.it)
  • Here, state-of-the-art strategies for preparing TMDs details of growth control and related heterostructures construction via CVD method are reviewed and discussed, including wafer-scale synthesis, phase transition, doping, alloy and stacking engineering. (hep.com.cn)
  • Remarkably, we demonstrate the emergence of the dissipation-induced superfluid phase that is anomalously enlarged by a cusp on the phase boundary. (arxiv.org)
  • Moreover, we demonstrate that the infinitesimal dissipation induces the nontrivial superfluid solution at the critical point. (arxiv.org)
  • Phase transitions occur at a general level in systems composed by a large number of elementary constituents, for instance the molecules in a substance. (phys.org)
  • To overcome this limitation, they have devised various methods to infer the existence of a phase transition from the analysis of systems of small size. (phys.org)
  • Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluid systems. (unict.it)
  • In the near-half-filled systems, we find an exotic superfluid phase which resembles the breached pair phase. (aalto.fi)
  • The system thus affords a very minimal realization of turbulent superfluid dynamics, offering the possibility of new insights into the basic properties of turbulent flows in general. (otago.ac.nz)
  • This limit is called the thermodynamic limit, an essential concept to understand phase transitions. (phys.org)
  • With the limited amount of funding at their disposal, scientists, and in particular physicists, do not have the luxury to study phase transitions directly in the thermodynamic limit. (phys.org)
  • We find that the transition region between type-I and type-II superconductivity changes qualitatively due to the presence of the superfluid: the phase transitions at the upper and lower critical fields in the type-II regime become first order, opening the possibility of clustered flux tube phases. (soton.ac.uk)
  • We find two qualitatively very different phase diagrams, one near the half-filling of the honeycomb lattice and the other at lower densities. (aalto.fi)
  • There is considerable interest, both theoretical and practical, in these quantum phase transitions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have stimulated enormous research interest due to rich phase structure, high theoretical carrier mobility and layer-dependent bandgap. (hep.com.cn)
  • There has been a tremendous amount of work done in the field of phase transitions and critical phenomena in two dimensions. (wikipedia.org)
  • The high degree of control offered by ultracold atom experiments sets them as an ideal platform for the investigation of phase transitions and critical phenomena. (europa.eu)
  • Phase transitions and critical phenomena. (unict.it)
  • Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with fascinating electronic energy band structures, rich valley physical properties and strong spin-orbit coupling have attracted tremendous interest, and show great potential in electronic, optoelectronic, spintronic and valleytronic fields. (hep.com.cn)
  • Transport through a band insulator with Rashba spin-orbit coupling: metal-insulator transition and spin-filtering effects" arXiv:0905.0611. (tsu.ge)
  • Yet all applications so far have focused on the so-called growth interaction in the reservoir theory, involving incoherent particle exchange between thermal cloud and superfluid. (otago.ac.nz)
  • My current interests focus on vortex dynamics in two dimensional superfluid flows. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Phase transitions occur only in the limit of an infinite number of constituents, in which the system properties change in a truly discontinuous way. (phys.org)
  • We also find a possibility of the universal transition into a phase with a very small effective mass at very low densities. (nii.ac.jp)
  • These flux tube clusters may be realized in the core of neutron stars, where superconducting protons are expected to be coupled to superfluid neutrons. (soton.ac.uk)
  • We find that this unconventional phase transition originates from the interplay between exceptional lines and van Hove singularity, which has no counterpart in equilibrium. (arxiv.org)
  • Therefore, when studying superfluid films, it is of paramount importance to study a system of large surface area as to enhance the film signal. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study of phase transitions in various forms has kept scientists busy since the very beginnings of the scientific endeavor. (phys.org)
  • In 2011 I was awarded an inaugural Rutherford Discovery Fellowship to study superfluid turbulence in two dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. (otago.ac.nz)
  • dubious - discuss] The theory of superfluid transitions in two dimensions is known as the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) theory. (wikipedia.org)
  • A complete reservoir theory includes additional interaction processes that transfer energy while conserving the number of superfluid particles. (otago.ac.nz)
  • A quantum phase transition is a phase transition that takes place in a system that lives in $d$ -dimensional space, but whose universal properties are described by a $(d+1)$ -dimensional field theory. (stackexchange.com)
  • The 2D XY model - where the order parameter is characterized by an amplitude and a phase - is the universality class for this transition. (wikipedia.org)
  • At low densities, we find tricritical points, at which the order of the transition changes. (aalto.fi)
  • Near half-filling, we find no tricritical points and that the transition is always of second order. (aalto.fi)
  • When the two superfluids interact with each other, which is the case for polar condensates or for radio frequency induced double well potentials, further phases can be realized. (aps.org)
  • As the crystal is cooled through the superfluid transition, the superfluid decouples and the frequency increases. (wikipedia.org)
  • So ( only when you are extremely close to the transition), the imaginary time dimension becomes unimportant and the quantum statistical properties become identical to that of the corresponding classical critical system. (stackexchange.com)
  • We find that these superfluids have a strong tendency to phase-lock. (aps.org)
  • We show that the number of solitons in the final condensate grows according to a power-law as a function of the rate at which the transition is crossed, consistent with the expectations of the KZM, and provide the first indication of the KZM scaling with the sonic horizon. (lanl.gov)
  • in each case (middle panel) is determined through a simple relationship between the interaction strength and the threshold pump power at which the condensate undergoes a self-organization phase transition. (aps.org)