RNA-binding protein;RNA degradosome binding protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Polymerase9
The enzymatic reaction is catalyzed specifically by the phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. (wikipedia.org)
The 5' cap is therefore specific to RNAs synthesized by this polymerase rather than those synthesized by RNA polymerase I or RNA polymerase III. (wikipedia.org)
These three enzymes, collectively called the capping enzymes, are only able to catalyze their respective reactions when attached to RNA polymerase II, an enzyme necessary for the transcription of DNA into pre-mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
When this complex of RNA polymerase II and the capping enzymes is achieved, the capping enzymes are able to add the cap to the mRNA while it is produced by RNA polymerase II. (wikipedia.org)
This family contains the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-coronaviruses, including three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoVs) such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related CoV, Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, also known as 2019 novel CoV (2019-nCoV) or COVID-19 virus. (nih.gov)
A key component, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, also known as Nsp12), catalyzes the synthesis of viral RNA and thus plays a central role in the replication and transcription cycle of CoV, possibly interacting with its co-factors, Nsp7 and Nsp8. (nih.gov)
Violin plots show distribution of expression levels for DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta (SMED30001223) in cells (dots) of each of the 12 neoblast clusters. (stowers.org)
Expression of DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta (SMED30001223) in the t-SNE clustered sub-lethally irradiated X1 and X2 cells. (stowers.org)
Capping enzyme4
A capping enzyme (CE) is an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of the 5' cap to messenger RNA molecules that are in the process of being synthesized in the cell nucleus during the first stages of gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
The capping enzyme is part of the covalent nucleotidyl transferases superfamily, which also includes DNA ligases and RNA ligases. (wikipedia.org)
The enzymes of this superfamily share the following similarities: Conserved regions known as motifs I, II, III, IIIa, IV, V and VI, which are arranged in the same order and similar spacing A lysine containing motif KxDG (motif I) A covalent lysyl-NMP intermediate The capping enzyme is composed of two domains, a nucleotidyl transferase (NTase) domain and a C-terminal oligonucleotide binding (OB) domain. (wikipedia.org)
The genomes of members of the alphavirus supergroup are 5′-capped, and the hallmark of this supergroup is the presence of a unique type of RNA capping enzyme [ 6 , 7 ], which has combined methyltransferase-guanylyltransferase (MTase-GTase) activity. (beds.ac.uk)
Helicase1
UvrD/REP helicase N-terminal domain, UvrD-like helicase C-terminal domain, DNA helicase IV / RNA helicase N terminal [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Bacillus halodurans (𝐵ℎ) ribonuclease H (RNase H) belongs to the nucleotidyl-transferase (NT) superfamily and is a prototypical member of a large family of enzymes that use two-metal ion (Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ ) catalysis to cleave nucleic acids. (ias.ac.in)
The catalytic subunit of NCLDV PAPs contains two topologically identical subdomains with a nucleotidyltransferase fold, suggesting that an ancestral duplication was at the origin of these viral PAPs. (nih.gov)
Genome1
The positive-strand (+ss) RNA viruses, i.e. viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome of the same polarity as mRNAs, constitute the large majority of known plant viruses, and also include major human and animal pathogens. (beds.ac.uk)
The addition of the cap occurs co-transcriptionally, after the growing RNA molecule contains as little as 25 nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
Domain3
The NTase domain, conserved in capping enzymes, DNA and RNA ligases, is made up 5 motifs, I, III, IIIa, IV and V. Motif I or KxDG is the active site where the covalent (lysyl)-N-GMP intermediate is formed. (wikipedia.org)
A presence/absence matrix is generated using protein domain architecture data for all genomes in SUPERFAMILY. (cam.ac.uk)
The structure of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp12 contains a RdRp domain as well as a large N-terminal extension that adopts a nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyltransferase (NiRAN) architecture. (nih.gov)
Viral1
3'-end directed exonucleolytic cleavage of viral RNA-DNA hybrid. (cathdb.info)
Nucleotides2
This is a secondary reaction to the RNA 5'-end directed cleavage 13-19 nucleotides from the RNA end performed by EC 3.1.26.13. (cathdb.info)
2. RNA 5'-end directed cleavage 13-19 nucleotides from the RNA end. (cathdb.info)
Phosphatase1
Possesses RNA 5'-triphosphatase and diphosphatase activities, but displays a poor protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity. (nih.gov)
MRNA4
Three enzymes, RNA triphosphatase, guanylyltransferase (or CE), and methyltransferase are involved in the addition of the methylated 5' cap to the mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
Eukaryotic RNA must undergo a series of modifications in order to be exported from the nucleus and successfully translated into function proteins, many of which are dependent on mRNA capping, the first mRNA modification to take place. (wikipedia.org)
After successful capping, an additional phosphorylation event initiates the recruitment of machinery necessary for RNA splicing, a process by which introns are removed to produce a mature mRNA. (wikipedia.org)
The addition of the cap onto mRNA confers protection to the transcript from exonucleases that degrade unprotected RNA and assist in the nuclear export transport process so that the mRNA can be translated to form proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Triphosphate1
First, RNA 5' triphosphatase hydrolyzes the 5' triphosphate group to make diphosphate-RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes2
Capping is a three-step process that utilizes the enzymes RNA triphosphatase, guanylyltransferase, and methyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus enzymes prefer to cleave the RNA strand one nucleotide away from the RNA-DNA junction. (cathdb.info)
Strand1
Catalyzes RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'-end of a DNA strand by one deoxynucleotide at a time. (cathdb.info)
Complex1
Long timescale molecular dynamics simulations have been performed on the 𝐵ℎRNase H-DNA-RNA hybrid complex and the respective monomers to understand the recognition mechanism, conformational preorganization, active site dynamics and energetics involved in the complex formation. (ias.ac.in)
Sequence1
sequence-specific internal cleavage of RNA. (cathdb.info)
Expression1
The function of the 5' cap is essential to the ultimate expression of the RNA. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular1
They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. (nih.gov)
Attachment1
Poly(A) polymerases (PAPs) catalyze the attachment of adenylates to the 3' ends of messenger RNA and other RNAs, forming poly(A) tails. (nih.gov)