UbiquitinationMitochondrialInducesPathwayAcetylationGlycolysisMitochondriaDephosphorylationPost-translationalProteinStressInhibitsProteinsRegulatoryDependentCellularMetabolismCellsActivityFunctionSitesResultsShownSerineMitochondrialProteinSUMOReversibleNotablyMechanismLysineAggregationActivationPromotesRoleTransport
Ubiquitination3
- In addition to changes in the phosphorylation, hypoxic response of HER-2/neu+ cells caused a transient ubiquitination and SUMOylation as well as a co-localization of nuclear CREB to the mitochondrial matrix. (uni-halle.de)
- Cross-talk between phosphorylation and ubiquitination is a significant aspect of intracellular signalling networks [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Epigenetic regulation of gene expression, or alterations in gene expression that occur independent of changes in the DNA sequence, include modifications to the chromatin structure, such as DNA methylation and covalent modifications to histone proteins including acetylation, phosphorylation, sumoylation, methylation, ADP ribosylation and ubiquitination [8,20]. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
Mitochondrial3
- Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3) performs a vital role in regulating metabolism, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. (mdpi.com)
- This was accompanied by an altered gene expression pattern, activity and metabolism of mitochondria leading to an increased respiratory rate, oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial membrane potential and consequently to an enhanced apoptosis and reduced cell viability. (uni-halle.de)
- This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that high SRC cells fuse mitochondria in response to glucose restriction, enhancing tolerance to energy deficiency, but undergo less mitochondrial oxidative stress compared to low SRC cells. (biomed.news)
Induces1
- Therefore, liganded PPARγ sumoylation is not only critical for cellular lipid metabolism but also induces oxidative stress that contributes to tumor suppressive function of PPARγ. (oncotarget.com)
Pathway4
- Results GA obstructed mBMSC osteogenic differentiation To explore the gross aftereffect of the sumoylation pathway in osteogenic differentiation, we decided primary mouse bone tissue marrow stromal cells (mBMSCs) as an experimental model, because they're differentiated into osteoblasts and adipocytes26 readily. (rue2011.com)
- Ginkgolic acidity (GA) was selected to suppress the sumoylation pathway since it was reported being a powerful inhibitor from the sumoylation E1 enzyme21. (rue2011.com)
- All these results suggest that GGTase-I plays an important role in the proliferation of VSMCs, at least in part via regulating the oxidative stress pathway. (hindawi.com)
- MGO is also elevated in tumors that have switched from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis as their main energy production pathway. (promegaconnections.com)
Acetylation1
- In the course of the disease, tau changes its phosphorylation state and becomes hyperphosphorylated, gets truncated by proteolytic cleavage, is subject to O-glycosylation, sumoylation, ubiquitinylation, acetylation and some other modifications. (microbialcell.com)
Glycolysis1
- MGO-modified proteins from the WIL2-NS whole cell lysates included proteins involved in glycolysis, translation initiation, protein folding, mRNA splicing, cell-to-cell adhesion, heat response, nucleosome assembly, protein SUMOylation and the G2/M cell cycle transition. (promegaconnections.com)
Mitochondria2
- Mitochondria are the energy producing organelles in eukaryotic cell providing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
- A recent study showed that mitochondria clustering around the perinuclear region can act as signaling for increased oxidative stress affecting hypoxia inducible promoters [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Dephosphorylation2
- The control of nuclear localization via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation serves as the primary regulatory mechanism for MiT family proteins, and several kinases and phosphatases have been identified to directly determine the transcriptional activities of MiT proteins. (molcells.org)
- Differential phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of some USPs can result in enhanced or reduced activity of these enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Post-translational1
- The subcellular localization and function of this protein are modulated by post-translational modifications, including sumoylation, phosphorylation and polyubiquitination. (wikipedia.org)
Protein6
- Intro Sumoylation is definitely a post-translational changes in which small ubiquitin modifiers (SUMOs) are conjugated to protein targets from the E1, E2, and E3 sumoylation enzymes. (rue2011.com)
- Sumoylation and desumoylation are involved in a variety of cellular processes such as nuclear-to-cytosolic translocation, transcriptional rules, apoptosis, protein stability, response to stress, and stem cell/progenitor maintenance, pluripotency, and differentiation2C6. (rue2011.com)
- UBC9 (ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9), the only known E2 sumoylation enzyme in cells, negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation induced by BMP (bone morphogenetic protein), partially via sumoylation of SMAD48. (rue2011.com)
- ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) protein kinase is highly conserved in metazoan, and plays a critical role at DNA damage response, oxidative stress, metabolic stress, immunity, RNA biogenesis etc. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2) functions of differentially expressed genes in atm mutated flies, regardless of protein-coding genes or non-coding RNAs, are closely related with metabolic process, immune response, DNA damage response or oxidative stress. (biomedcentral.com)
- Phosphorylation of eIF2α on Ser51 inhibits 5' cap-dependent mRNA translation, resulting in the global suppression of protein synthesis to facilitate adaptation to a variety of stresses linked to protein synthesis, including proteotoxic stress, viral replication, heme depletion and amino acid withdrawal [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Stress3
- When ATM is activated by oxidative stress, it can phosphorylate a specific set of proteins that only partially overlap with the phosphorylated proteins in response to the canonical DSBs [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- It was shown that Daxx associates with Pml only when exposed to high oxidative stress or UV-irradiation. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, p53 has also been linked to the effects of aging and oxidative stress and an increase in p53 has been linked to deficits in LTP (Long Term Potentiation) in learning and memory. (thermofisher.com)
Inhibits1
- For example, we) leaves that straight binds to and inhibits the sumoylation E1 enzyme (SAE1/SAE2)21, shows a promising impact in suppressing cancers cell development and migration22C25. (rue2011.com)
Proteins1
- Thousands of SUMOylation sites and hundreds of phosphorylation sites were identified after treatment, and proteins SUMOylated and phosphorylated are in the overlapping network. (biomedcentral.com)
Regulatory1
- The potential mechanisms probably involved interfering Rac1 geranylgeranylation, inhibiting the assembly of NADPH oxidase cytosolic regulatory subunits, reducing oxidative injury, and decreasing ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation. (hindawi.com)
Dependent2
- This transport mechanism is phosphorylation dependent. (wikipedia.org)
- More importantly, it turns out that PPARγ regulation of lipid metabolism was dependent on sumoylation of PPARγ. (oncotarget.com)
Cellular1
- Distinct cellular stresses cause the phosphorylation and activation the eIF2α kinases PERK, PKR, GCN2 and HRI. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolism1
- Here, we report that sumoylation of PPARγ couples lipid metabolism to tumor suppressive function of the receptor in lung cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Cells2
- We verified the sumoylation-inhibiting activity of GA in both HEK293 cells and mBMSCs (Fig.?1A). (rue2011.com)
- The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by oxidative injury is one of the main features in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
Activity2
- the effects of garcinol, a HAT inhibitor, differed from those of GA in regulating adipocyte commitment and adipocyte maturation of mBMSCs, implying the GA function in adipogenesis is likely through its activity like a sumoylation inhibitor, not as a HAT inhibitor. (rue2011.com)
- An 'uncoupling to survival' hypothesis suggests that CR may increase respiratory activity and extend life expectancy by uncoupling oxidation from phosphorylation ( Brand, 2000 ). (peerj.com)
Function1
- Because sumoylation has a significant function in regulating stem cell differentiation and maintenance, we are motivated to review the function of sumoylation-modulating chemical substances in MSC differentiation. (rue2011.com)
Sites1
- There are various phosphorylation sites on p53, of which the phosphorylation at Ser15 is important for p53 activation and stabilization. (thermofisher.com)
Results2
- Our current understanding of sumoylation in osteogenesis remains limited, and the available results are somewhat inconsistent. (rue2011.com)
- Paradoxically, eIF2α phosphorylation also results in the increased translation of select mRNA bearing upstream open reading frames that favor 5' cap-independent translation [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Shown1
- Phosphorylation of Ser392 in p53 has been shown to associate with the formation of human tumors. (thermofisher.com)
Serine2
- 1. NRF2 SUMOylation promotes de novo serine synthesis and maintains HCC tumorigenesis. (nih.gov)
- Phosphorylation usually occurs on serine , threonine , and tyrosine residues in eukaryotic proteins. (bionity.com)
Mitochondrial3
- 12. Indolyl-chalcone derivatives induce hepatocellular carcinoma cells apoptosis through oxidative stress related mitochondrial pathway in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy metabolically dependent on oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity. (biomed.news)
- The loss of mitochondrial fission in satellite cells-due to aging or genetic impairment-deregulates the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), leading to inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolism and mitophagy and increased oxidative stress. (biomed.news)
Protein8
- The process known as SUMO conjugation or SUMOylation is a rapid, reversible post-translational modification (PTM) consisting of the covalent attachment of a small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) peptide to a lysine residue in the target protein. (acp2018.org)
- A theta of the PP2A phosphorylation of atoms mutations both globular and preferential cones of ChREBP( Carbohydrate Response Elemant Binding Protein). (evakoch.com)
- Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO 4 ) group to a protein molecule or a small molecule. (bionity.com)
- Its prominent role in biochemistry is the subject of a very large body of research (as of January 2006, the Medline database returns over 120,000 articles on the subject, largely on protein phosphorylation). (bionity.com)
- One such example of the regulatory role that phosphorylation plays is the p53 tumor suppressor protein . (bionity.com)
- The p53 protein is heavily regulated [8] and contains more than 18 different phosphorylation sites. (bionity.com)
- phosphorylation of the enzyme GSK-3 by AKT (Protein kinase B) as part of the insulin signaling pathway. (bionity.com)
- Phosphorylation of the cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase a large membrane bound, multi-protein enzyme present in phagocytic cells plays an important role in the regulation of protein-protein interactions in the enzyme. (bionity.com)
SUMO2
- Here we identify TDP1 as a target for modification by the small ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO and provide evidence implicating SUMOylation in facilitating TDP1 cellular function during SSB repair. (nature.com)
- The impact of SUMOylation in disease has not been monotonous, rather SUMO is found playing a role on both sides of the coin either facilitating or impeding disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)
Reversible2
- Reversible phosphorylation of proteins is an important regulatory mechanism which occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. (bionity.com)
- Reversible phosphorylation results in a conformational change in the structure in many enzymes and receptors, causing them to become activated or deactivated. (bionity.com)
Notably2
- Notably, research has found that sumoylation might also be sensitive to redox regulation, especially for PPAR-gamma. (hindawi.com)
- About lumen of agonist-induced Studies not have SOX2 and thereby 90 phosphorylation of these notably have NANOG( Boyer et al. (evakoch.com)
Mechanism2
- On the other hand, aberrant TDP-43 phosphorylation could represent a cellular defence mechanism. (medscape.com)
- This transport mechanism is phosphorylation dependent. (wikipedia.org)
Lysine2
- We purify SUMOylated TDP1 from mammalian cells and identify the SUMOylation site as lysine 111. (nature.com)
- In addition, phosphorylation occurs on the basic amino acid residues histidine or arginine or lysine in prokaryotic proteins [4] [5] . (bionity.com)
Aggregation1
- 2018), the phosphorylation of TDP-43 could reflect a pathological role of its aggregation in decreased neurite integrity. (medscape.com)
Activation1
- 11. Shp2 SUMOylation promotes ERK activation and hepatocellular carcinoma development. (nih.gov)
Promotes1
- While SUMOylation exhibits no impact on TDP1 catalytic activity, it promotes its accumulation at sites of DNA damage. (nature.com)
Role1
- a role during the Briciclib splicing process and suggest the involvement of Prp3 SUMOylation in U4/U6?U5 tri-snRNP formation and/or recruitment. (acp2018.org)
Transport1
- Phosphorylation of Na + /K + -ATPase during the transport of sodium (Na + ) and potassium(K + ) ions across the cell membrane in osmoregulation to maintain homeostasis of the body's water content. (bionity.com)