Aliphatic hydrocarbonsGasesParaffinsOrganic compoundsDioxideAromaticAlkanesCombustionPetroleumFuelsCombustibleMixtureSimplestCompositionChloroformRenewable GasImpuritiesCompoundsPredominantCrudeDropletsDiesel fuelProduces1990GaseousEmissionsWater vaporFlame temperatureChemicalsAdhesionMolecularCompoundBiomassFuelReductionBenzeneAbsence of oxygenPresence of oxygenAbundantCrystallineElectricityExamplesReactionLiquidSpeciesPlantCommonlyFormChemicalSulfidesEnergyCommonContentConcentration
Aliphatic hydrocarbons3
- They may be divided into aliphatic hydrocarbons with a carbon chain which may be linear (normal), branched, saturated (alkanes) or unsaturated (alcenes), cyclic hydrocarbons and carotenoids. (gerli.com)
- A group of chemicals (also known as paraffins or aliphatic hydrocarbons) for which the carbon atoms are all linked by single covalent bonds. (itrcweb.org)
- A group of chemicals (also known as paraffins or aliphatic hydrocarbons) for which the carbon atoms contain at least one double bond. (itrcweb.org)
Gases7
- For instance, gas sensors are used to detect the presence of gases such as Oxygen , CO2, and Nitrogen , which can be used to preserve the freshness and extend the shelf life of Food & Beverages (F&B). (reportsanddata.com)
- Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane occur as gases, while pentane and heavier ones are in the form of liquids or solids. (lumenlearning.com)
- They occur in a diverse range of molecular structures and phases: they can be gases (such as methane and propane ), liquids (such as hexane and benzene ), low melting solids (such as paraffin wax and naphthalene ) or polymers (such as polyethylene and polystyrene ). (wikipedia.org)
- Most anthropogenic (human-generated) emissions of greenhouse gases are either carbon dioxide released by the burning of fossil fuels , or methane released from the handling of natural gas or from agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
- It is colorless, odorless, shapeless, lighter than air and contains a mixture of several hydrocarbon gases, which are organic compounds consisting of some combination of hydrogen and carbon molecules. (ukdiss.com)
- It seems likely that if biomass-sourced biologically-produced renewable fuels have a maximum limit to their volumes, then governments and international agencies will put out the call for synthetic renewable fuels, such as the gases Renewable Methane and Renewable Hydrogen. (joabbess.com)
- Supercritical water gasification has emerged as a promising technology to sustainably convert waste residues into clean gaseous fuels rich in combustible gases such as hydrogen and methane. (bvsalud.org)
Paraffins1
- The Fischer-Tropsch method makes it possible to obtain a variety of liquid hydrocarbons, including diesel fuel, kerosene, as well as paraffins, wax, etc. (aenert.com)
Organic compounds3
- It consists of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other organic compounds. (lumenlearning.com)
- The hydrocarbons in crude oil are mostly alkanes, cycloalkanes and various aromatic hydrocarbons while the other organic compounds contain nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and trace amounts of metals such as iron, nickel, copper and vanadium. (lumenlearning.com)
- It is well known that urbanization and industrialization have resulted in rapidly increasing emissions of air pollutions (e.g., volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen-containing compounds (NO x ), and sulfur dioxide (SO 2 )) [ 1 - 5 ]. (nso-journal.org)
Dioxide5
- Biogas is competitive, viable, and generally a sustainable energy resource due to abundant supply of cheap feedstocks and availability of a wide range of biogas applications in heating, power generation, fuel, and raw materials for further processing and production of sustainable chemicals including hydrogen, and carbon dioxide and biofuels. (hindawi.com)
- The use of fossil fuels, such as petroleum, has a negative impact on Earth's biosphere, damaging ecosystems through events such as oil spills and releasing a range of pollutants into the air including ground-level ozone and sulfur dioxide from sulfur impurities in fossil fuels. (lumenlearning.com)
- The CEMS is usually applied to detect the emissions of air pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), ammonia (NH 3 ), water vapor (H 2 O), particulate matter, etc. (encyclopedia.pub)
- If successful, this could allow storage of renewable electricity through electrochemical or enzymatic fixation of carbon dioxide and subsequent storage as carbon-based energy storage molecules including hydrocarbons and non-volatile polymers at high efficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
- The "smell of sulfur" usually refers to either the odor of hydrogen sulfide , e.g. from rotten eggs, or of burning sulfur, which produces sulfur dioxide , the smell associated with burnt matches. (wikidoc.org)
Aromatic4
- It can also be used as the synthetic solvent for polyamide, polyimide and polysulfone resin as well as the extraction solvents for aromatic hydrocarbon and butadiene extraction solvents and solvents for synthesizing chlorofluoroaniline. (chemicalbook.com)
- Aromatic hydrocarbons , also known as arenes , which are hydrocarbons that have at least one aromatic ring . (wikipedia.org)
- 10% of total nonmethane organic carbon emission are aromatic hydrocarbons from the exhaust of gasoline-powered vehicles. (wikipedia.org)
- The term 'aliphatic' refers to non-aromatic hydrocarbons. (wikipedia.org)
Alkanes2
- Methane is part of a homologous series known as the alkanes , which contain single bonds only. (wikipedia.org)
- The formula for acyclic saturated hydrocarbons (i.e., alkanes ) is C n H 2 n +2 . (wikipedia.org)
Combustion2
- Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. (wikipedia.org)
- formation of a combustible fuel-air mixture and in transporting oxygen into inflamed regions to complete combustion. (datapdf.com)
Petroleum8
- Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. (wikipedia.org)
- HVAC systems are widely utilized in various industries, such as Oil & Gas (O&G), petroleum, refineries, and among others. (reportsanddata.com)
- The syngas-methanol-based technological chain is the most common, since methanol is widely used as a feedstock for the chemical industry or for the production of various fuels (energy applications), and as a final product used, for example, as an additive to petroleum products (direct methanol blending). (aenert.com)
- In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes all liquid, gaseous, and solid hydrocarbons. (lumenlearning.com)
- The proportion of light hydrocarbons in the petroleum mixture varies greatly among different oil fields, ranging from as much as 97 percent by weight in the lighter oils to as little as 50 percent in the heavier oils and bitumens. (lumenlearning.com)
- In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum , natural gas and coal , or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. (wikipedia.org)
- Saturated hydrocarbons are the basis of petroleum fuels and may be either linear or branched species. (wikipedia.org)
- These molecules are found mainly in petroleum but living organisms, eukaryotic or prokaryotic, contain frequently hydrocarbons which are directly derived from fatty acids. (gerli.com)
Fuels4
- In most cases, synthetic fuels are liquid or gaseous fuels obtained from syngas - a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. (aenert.com)
- In addition to the methods mentioned above, there are other methods for the production of synthetic fuels, in particular the direct coal liquefaction by hydrogenation, i.e. heating coal in the presence of hydrogen. (aenert.com)
- Today, the idea of using surplus local hydrocarbons of one type to produce synthetic fuels of another type still exists, but increasingly it is driven by market levers and environmental regulations. (aenert.com)
- Yet, the more we start to look outside this biological box for sources of carbon to make into fuels (with the addition of the hydrogen from water, and the oxygen from the air), via synthesis, the larger the potential source of renewable fuels could be . (joabbess.com)
Combustible1
- The predominant use of hydrocarbons is as a combustible fuel source. (wikipedia.org)
Mixture1
- [1] A Song Dynasty military treatise of 1044 AD described different formulas for Chinese gun powder, which is a mixture of potassium nitrate ( K N O 3 ), carbon , and sulfur. (wikidoc.org)
Simplest3
- Saturated hydrocarbons, which are the simplest of the hydrocarbon types. (wikipedia.org)
- Methanol is a biodegradable, water soluble, clear liquid with the chemical formula CH3OH, is the simplest alcohol, containing the least carbon and the most hydrogen of any liquid fuel. (chiefengineerlog.com)
- These compounds form the simplest form of lipids, they contain only carbon and hydrogen. (gerli.com)
Composition3
- Environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity can affect the composition of higher plant leaf hydrocarbon wax. (gerli.com)
- Their chemical composition varies widely, depending on the location and time of year. (usf.edu)
- Sulfur with a distinctive isotopic composition has been used to identify pollution sources, and enriched sulfur has been added as a tracer in hydrologic studies. (wikidoc.org)
Chloroform1
- An example is the conversion of methane to chloroform using a chlorination reaction . (wikipedia.org)
Renewable Gas1
- Amongst a range of other things, we were batting about ideas for what could constitute a business model or economic case for the development of Renewable Gas production - whether Renewable Hydrogen or Renewable Methane. (joabbess.com)
Impurities1
- Another advantage of synthetic fuel is its high environmental friendliness and, above all, the minimum content of sulphur and other harmful impurities. (aenert.com)
Compounds2
- Family name of a group of organic chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (opisnet.com)
- A complex chemical and atmospheric phenomenon that happens when emissions of sulfur and nitrogen compounds and other substances are transformed by chemical processes in the atmosphere (often far from the original sources), form sulfuric and nitric acids, and are deposited on earth in either a wet or dry form. (usf.edu)
Predominant2
- Methane is the predominant component of natural gas. (wikipedia.org)
- Among the least polar components of plant surface lipids hydrocarbons with the odd number carbon chains (C15 up to C33) are predominant. (gerli.com)
Crude2
- Four different types of hydrocarbon molecules appear in crude oil. (lumenlearning.com)
- Crude oil is processed in several stages to form desired hydrocarbons, used as fuel and in other products. (wikipedia.org)
Droplets1
- During the act of stinging, formic acid and hydrocarbons are discharged simultaneously from these glands in fine droplets. (gerli.com)
Diesel fuel1
- In the second part of the paper, these experimental results are compared with a 1D multistage model using n-heptane as a surrogate molecule for diesel fuel. (datapdf.com)
Produces2
- Note that halogenating a hydrocarbon produces something that is not a hydrocarbon. (wikipedia.org)
- Hydrogen, when combined with oxygen in these cells, produces electricity with the only byproduct being pure water vapor. (chiefengineerlog.com)
19901
- IUPAC adopted the spelling "sulfur" in 1990, as did the Royal Society of Chemistry Nomenclature Committee in 1992 [2] and the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority for England and Wales recommended its use in 2000. (wikidoc.org)
Gaseous2
- However, because the underground temperature and pressure are higher than at the surface, the gas may contain heavier hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, and heptane in the gaseous state. (lumenlearning.com)
- Laser pyrolysis exploits a laser beam to provide the energy necessary for the pyrolysis reaction of a solid, liquid, or gaseous reagent inside a reactor in which there is a controlled and oxygen-free atmosphere. (springer.com)
Emissions1
- It is worldwide available as a marine fuel, cost effective and significantly reduces emissions of sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, CO2 and particulate matter. (chiefengineerlog.com)
Water vapor1
- We briefly cover the history of some important diagnostics including recently-developed diode laser sensors for a variety of parameters including: water vapor concentration, singlet oxygen yield, small signal gain, and translational temperature. (spie.org)
Flame temperature1
- Due to lack of oxygen, only part of the fuel is burned, and the fuel releases volatiles in the oxygen poor and low flame temperature primary flame area, Thereby reducing NOx generation. (szburners.com)
Chemicals1
- The major contents of the book are iodine from oil well brines, lactic acid from corn sugar, modern production of chlorine and caustic soda, organic chemicals, chemicals derived from methane and so on. (niir.org)
Adhesion1
- The adhesion of gas molecules, liquid, or dissolved solids to a surface. (usf.edu)
Molecular2
- Since syngas contains the main components of any organic matter - hydrogen, oxygen and carbon (the latter in the form of carbon monoxide), it is potentially possible to form long organic molecules with a high molecular weight, which are the material basis of hydrocarbon fuel. (aenert.com)
- Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers . (wikipedia.org)
Compound3
- In organic chemistry , a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon . (wikipedia.org)
- A hydrocarbon compound in which the carbon atoms are in a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic arrangement and are saturated or unsaturated. (itrcweb.org)
- In the late 1770s, Antoine Lavoisier helped convince the scientific community that sulfur was an element and not a compound. (wikidoc.org)
Biomass2
- Increasing environmental and policy concerns and measures have generated increasing interest in the use of biomass resources as renewable feedstock for electricity generation, fuel production, chemical processing, and hydrogen production [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Due to the extraordinary stability of crystalline phase and oxygen activity, its reactivity did not suffer from any degradation during the 50 long-time redox cycles over 2750 min under the optimal working conditions of the ex-situ configuration, mutual mode and steam/biomass mass ratio of 5.0. (bvsalud.org)
Fuel9
- Biogas can also be used in fuel cells for direct conversion to electricity and raw material for hydrogen and transport fuel production which is a significant pathway to sustainable energy development. (hindawi.com)
- Historically, this feasibility was determined by the need of individual countries (Germany, South Africa) for liquid hydrocarbon fuel. (aenert.com)
- Thus, in effect the tests involved fuel replacement by hydrogen rather than hydrogen addition. (datapdf.com)
- The maritime industry is experiencing a monumental shift as hydrogen fuel cells emerge as a game-changing technology, propelling vessels towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. (chiefengineerlog.com)
- In a landmark achievement, marine engineers and researchers have successfully harnessed the power of hydrogen fuel cells to drive ships, marking a watershed moment for the maritime sector. (chiefengineerlog.com)
- Named "EcoVoyager," the vessel embarked on its maiden voyage, showcasing the viability and potential of hydrogen fuel cell technology in real-world maritime operations. (chiefengineerlog.com)
- While hydrogen fuel cells hold great promise, challenges remain on the road to widespread adoption. (chiefengineerlog.com)
- The integration of hydrogen fuel cells into maritime propulsion systems presents an unprecedented opportunity to reduce the industry's carbon footprint. (chiefengineerlog.com)
- As the maritime industry embraces hydrogen fuel cells, it propels itself into a new era of clean, efficient, and responsible shipping that not only meets current environmental challenges but also helps pave the way for a brighter, greener future. (chiefengineerlog.com)
Reduction1
- In 2004 EnCana drilled 90 oil wells in the Suffield area using this technique and realized a 31,000 m3 reduction in water consumption. (scienceagogo.com)
Benzene1
- Alkylate helps improve the environmental qualities of gasoline - low vapor pressure, zero sulfur content, zero olefin content, zero benzene and a high octane number. (opisnet.com)
Absence of oxygen1
Presence of oxygen2
- Pertaining to organisms or processes that occur only in the presence of oxygen. (usf.edu)
- Pertaining to or caused by the presence of oxygen. (itrcweb.org)
Abundant1
- E939 (Helium) is the second lightest and second most abundant element in the observable universe (hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant). (atamanchemicals.com)
Crystalline1
- Sulfur, in its native form, is a yellow crystalline solid. (wikidoc.org)
Electricity1
- As economic development spreads around the world, and more and more of the global energy infrastructure is electrified (think electric vehicles) global electricity consumption will rise. (biomedcentral.com)
Examples1
- : 620 Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides . (wikipedia.org)
Reaction3
- dimethyl sulfoxide is widely used as solvents and reagents, particularly as the processing reagent and spinning solvent at the reaction of acrylonitrile polymerization used for polyurethane synthesis and the spinning solvent. (chemicalbook.com)
- One or more of the hydrogen atoms can be replaced with other atoms, for example chlorine or another halogen: this is called a substitution reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- The high lattice oxygen mobility and powerful oxidation capacity derived from the Ni-Fe synergistic effect made it perform better in the BCLG reaction. (bvsalud.org)
Liquid1
- After the advent of the oil industry, during the second half of the nineteenth century, the term became commonly known for the liquid form of hydrocarbons. (wikipedia.org)
Species3
- : 623 The most general form of saturated hydrocarbons, (whether linear or branched species, and whether with without one or more rings) is C n H 2 n +2(1- r ) , where r is the number of rings. (wikipedia.org)
- We also discuss new developments and extensions of prior capabilities including: an ultra-sensitive diagnostic for I 2 dissociation, a new monitor for singlet oxygen yield, and a novel diode laser-based imaging system for simultaneous, multipoint spatial distributions of species concentration and temperature. (spie.org)
- Cuticular hydrocarbons have proved to be useful for identifying insect species and differentiating populations. (gerli.com)
Plant1
- Hydrocarbons are found at the outer surface in higher plant leaves. (gerli.com)
Commonly2
- Elemental sulfur crystals are commonly sought after by mineral collectors for their brightly colored polyhedron shapes. (wikidoc.org)
- English translations of the Bible commonly referred to sulfur as "brimstone", giving rise to the name of 'Fire and brimstone' sermons, in which listeners are reminded of the fate of eternal damnation that awaits the unbelieving and unrepentant. (wikidoc.org)
Form1
- Sulfur was known in China since the 6th century BC, in a natural form that the Chinese had called 'brimstone', or shiliuhuang that was found in Hanzhong. (wikidoc.org)
Chemical3
- dimethyl sulfoxide is widely applied as the extraction agent in a lot of chemical and pharmaceutical companies. (chemicalbook.com)
- The COIL laboratory with a small chemical oxygen-iodine laser facility participates in the worldwide effort to develop a competitive quasi-steady laser device for industrial and military applications. (spie.org)
- Sulfur or sulphur ( Template:PronEng , see spelling below ) is the chemical element that has the symbol S and atomic number 16. (wikidoc.org)
Sulfides2
- A low pH, metal-laden, sulfate-rich drainage originating from a mined area that occurs where sulfur or metal sulfides are exposed to atmospheric conditions. (itrcweb.org)
- The δ C -13 and δS-34 of coexisting carbonates and sulfides can be used to determine the pH and oxygen fugacity of the ore-bearing fluid during ore formation. (wikidoc.org)
Energy6
- In contrast, the average energy consumption elsewhere in the world is about 10 5 kJ per person per day, although actual values vary widely depending on a country's level of industrialization. (edtechbooks.org)
- A major reason for the huge consumption of energy by our society is the low efficiency of most machines in transforming stored energy into work. (edtechbooks.org)
- Natural gas, is also called "the prince of hydrocarbons," is an energy game changer which top ranked among growing energy sources. (ukdiss.com)
- It has come frontline of the international energy debate due to increasing demand in many countries and the worldwide consumption of natural gas is forecasted to double by 2035 [1]. (ukdiss.com)
- As a spectroscopy analyzer, nondispersive infrared (NDIR) and Fourier transform infrared analyzers have been widely used because they operate consistently with low energy consumption compared to other spectroscopy technologies [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
- Initially, steam injection rate (1 g/min) and residence time (15 min) was optimized based on the tradeoff between energy consumption and H2-rich gas generation. (bvsalud.org)
Common1
- porphyrazines to improve same view dreamweaver cs5 for spreading a common oxygen as state in a exceptional assumption, which is to be now. (medmotion.com)
Content1
Concentration1
- 2. Reduce the oxygen concentration (i.e. reduce the excess air coefficient) and block part of the secondary air duct. (szburners.com)