Enzymes that contain the molybdopterin cofactor include xanthine oxidase, DMSO reductase, sulfite oxidase, and nitrate reductase. (wikipedia.org)
The bifunctional CODH ( cdhAB-2 ) is predicted to play an ubiquitous role in the metabolism of CO, and a novel nitrate reductase-associated respiratory complex was induced specifically in the presence of sulfate. (hindawi.com)
In photosynthesis, final electron transfer from ferredoxin to NADP + is accomplished by the flavo enzyme ferredoxin:NADP + oxidoreductase (FNR). (nature.com)
The dominant pathway in chloroplasts is, however, the one that produces NADPH, by the activity of ferredoxin NADP + oxidoreductase (FNR). (nature.com)
The pulse of acetogenesis appears to have been collectively catalyzed by a number of different organisms and metabolisms, most prominently pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. (frontiersin.org)
NADPH1
This enzyme is different from EC 1.8.1.2 , assimilatory sulfite reductase (NADPH), and EC 1.8.7.1 , assimilatory sulfite reductase (ferredoxin), which are involved in sulfate assimilation. (genome.jp)
Dehydrogenase3
Prosthetic group of: formate dehydrogenase, purine hydroxylase, thiosulfate reductase. (wikipedia.org)
The reaction involves the small protein DsrC, which is present in all the organisms that contain dissimilatory sulfite reductase. (genome.jp)
With the finding of similar very high spin signals also in D. variabilis desulforubidin, it appears that the presence of a S = 9/2 Fe-S (super) cluster is common in all dissimilatory sulfite reductases. (wur.nl)
These observations are interpreted as supportive evidence against the previously proposed model of a bridged cubane/siroheme as the active site for dissimilatory sulfite reductases. (wur.nl)
Fd acts simultaneously as a bottleneck and as a hub which distributes high-energy electrons to a multitude of enzymes, which include nitrite reductase, sulphite reductase, fatty acid desaturase, glutamine-2-oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT), redox complexes such as cytochrome b 6 /f for cyclic electron transport (CET) and thioredoxins 2 . (nature.com)
In plants, sulfate is absorbed by the roots and then be transported to the chloroplasts by the transipration stream where the sulfur are reduced to sulfide with the help of a series of enzymatic reactions. (wikipedia.org)
Sulfite is with high affinity reduced by sulfite reductase to sulfide with ferredoxin as a reductant. (wikipedia.org)
In sulfur reducers it catalyses the reduction of sulfite to sulfide (reaction 1 in the right to left direction), while in sulfur oxidizers it catalyses the opposite reaction (reaction 2 in the left to right direction) [1]. (genome.jp)
Enzyme1
The enzyme is essential in prokaryotic sulfur-based energy metabolism, including sulfate/sulfite reducing organisms, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and organosulfonate reducers. (genome.jp)
Oxidation2
Multiple membrane-bound heterodisulfide reductase (DsrMK) could promote both energy-conserving and non-energy-conserving menaquinol oxidation. (hindawi.com)
Sulfur assimilation is the process by which living organisms incorporate sulfur into their biological molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Protein4
In the last steps of this process transfer of energy-conserving electrons beyond photosystem I (PSI) is performed by a small iron-sulphur protein ferredoxin (Fd). (nature.com)
An IRON-containing protein that uses siroheme and 4Fe-4S iron-sulfur centers as prosthetic groups. (lookformedical.com)
Iron-sulfur protein maturation in Helicobacter pylori:Identifying a Nfu-type cluster carrier protein and its iron-sulfur protein targets. (uga.edu)
The latter reaction is assumed to be one of the primary regulation points in the sulfate reduction, since the activity of APS reductase is the lowest of the enzymes of the sulfate reduction pathway and it has a fast turnover rate. (wikipedia.org)
In this case, the tungsten-selenium pair has been speculated to function analogously to the molybdenum-sulfur pairing of some molybdenum cofactor-requiring enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
DMSO1
DMSO reductase, the metal is bound to two molybdopterin cofactors. (wikipedia.org)
Oxidoreductases3
Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
The uptake of sulfate by the roots and its transport to the shoot is strictly controlled and it appears to be one of the primary regulatory sites of sulfur assimilation. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation and expression of the majority of sulfate transporters are controlled by the sulfur nutritional status of the plants. (wikipedia.org)
The nature of these transporters is not yet fully solved, whether sulfate itself or metabolic products of the sulfur assimilation (O-acetylserine, cysteine, glutathione) act as signals in the regulation of sulfate uptake by the root and its transport to the shoot, and in the expression of the sulfate transporters involved. (wikipedia.org)
Sulfate needs to be activated to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) prior to its reduction to sulfite. (wikipedia.org)
The activation of sulfate is catalyzed by ATP sulfurylase, which affinity for sulfate is rather low (Km approximately 1 mM) and the in situ sulfate concentration in the chloroplast is most likely one of the limiting/regulatory steps in sulfur reduction. (wikipedia.org)
The remobilization and redistribution of the vacuolar sulfate reserves appear to be rather slow and sulfur-deficient plants may still contain detectable levels of sulfate. (wikipedia.org)
Hydrogenase1
The extreme hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus contains a NiFe hydrogenase which not only reversibly oxidizes hydrogen but also reduces elemental sulfur (S 0 ) to H 2 S. The Archaeon was succesfully grown in a 200 l fermentor at 90°C on potato starch, and the hydrogenase could be purified aerobically without loss of activity. (wur.nl)
Metabolic1
The ecotypes living in the dark or twilight oceans shared genomic features and metabolic capabilities consistent with a sulfur-based chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle. (biomedcentral.com)
Assimilation1
In animals, sulfur assimilation occurs primarily through the diet, as animals cannot produce sulfur-containing compounds directly. (wikipedia.org)
Compounds1
Furthermore, the reduced sulfur is incorporated into cysteine, an amino acid that is a precursor to many other sulfur-containing compounds. (wikipedia.org)
Human2
Moreover, a molecular-level understanding of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis is crucial for understanding a variety of human diseases involving anemias, myopathies and ataxias that arise from defects in Fe-S cluster biogenesis proteins. (uga.edu)
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase is upregulated in human melanoma. (harvard.edu)
Found1
Iron sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are found in a variety of organisms. (wur.nl)
Unknown1
In this conversion, the enedithiolate is formed, although the substituents on sulfur remain unknown. (wikipedia.org)