• This is accomplished through the function of the microtubule-affinity-regulating-kinase (MARK) protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because we have shown earlier that prenylation and subsequent methylation/demethylation of γ subunits are required for the Gβγ-MTs interaction in vitro , small-molecule inhibitors (L-28 and L-23) targeting prenylated methylated protein methyl esterase (PMPMEase) were tested in the current study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the axon, MTs are bundled by the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau, with their plus ends oriented toward the nerve terminal. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While a postdoctoral student at MIT, Tomomi Kiyomitsu discovered how dynein has a role as a motor protein in aligning the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during the metaphase of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • A receptor is a protein molecule in a cell or on the surface of a cell to which a substance such as a hormone, a drug, or an antigen can bind, causing a change in the activity of the cell. (eduhyme.com)
  • Two teams of researchers led by Ulrich Blank (CNRS) of the Center of Research on Inflammation (CNRS) and Gaël Ménasché (INSERM) of the Imagine Institute in Paris, France, investigated the role of kinesin-1, a motor protein that transports various cargoes along microtubules. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers discovered that, in response to mast cell stimulation, a signaling pathway involving the enzyme phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase triggers kinesin-1's association with a protein complex on the surface of secretory granules. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Dynein1 is a large minus-end directed, microtubule motor protein complex that has been implicated in multiple, essential cellular processes. (nih.gov)
  • Consistent with a specific function of Dync1h1 within the outer segment, immunolocalization showed that this protein and other subunits of Dynein1 and Dynactin localized to the ciliary axoneme of the outer segment, in addition to their predicted inner segment localization. (nih.gov)
  • However, knock-down of Dynactin subunits suggested that this protein complex, which is known to augment many Dynein1 activities, is only essential for inner segment processes as outer segment morphogenesis was normal. (nih.gov)
  • The complex consists of an F-actin-like core filament of actin-related protein Arp1, a heterodimer that acts as a cap at one end, and a 62kDa subunit at the other end. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • microfilament Any of numerous microscopic protein fibres, typically 7-9 nm in diameter, that form one of the main components of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Each microfilament consists of two helically twisted strands, each comprising a chain of globular subunits of the protein actin . (encyclopedia.com)
  • With the aid of the motor protein myosin the microfilaments can slide relative to each other, causing contractile movements, as in muscle cells, or other changes in cell shape, such as those occurring in amoeboid movement . (encyclopedia.com)
  • We show here that an interaction of EB1 with the SXIP-containing +TIP CDK5 regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CDK5RAP2) regulates several EB1 activities, including microtubule plus-end tracking, dynamics at microtubule plus ends, microtubule and α/β-tubulin binding, and microtubule polymerization. (uky.edu)
  • An SXIP-binding-deficient EB1 mutant displayed significantly lower microtubule plus-end tracking than the wild-type protein in transfected cells. (uky.edu)
  • These results suggest that EB1 cooperates with CDK5RAP2 and perhaps other SXIPcontaining +TIPs in tracking growing microtubule tips.Wealso generated plus-end-tracking chimeras of CDK5RAP2 and the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) and found that overexpression of the dimerization domains interfered with microtubule plus-end tracking of their respective SXIP-containing chimeras. (uky.edu)
  • He also made significant contributions to computational structural biology, particularly in the analysis of protein-protein interfaces. (psi.ch)
  • In the present study, we provide biochemical and morphological evidence that the adaptor protein 1 (AP-1) adaptor of the trans-Golgi network clathrin interacts with microtubules. (huji.ac.il)
  • Purified AP-1 did not interact with purified microtubules, but interaction occurred when an isolated microtubule-associated protein fraction was added to the reaction mix. (huji.ac.il)
  • The γ-adaptin subunit of AP-1 specifically co-immunoprecipitated with a microtubule-associated protein of type 1a from rat brain cytosol. (huji.ac.il)
  • This suggests that type 1a microtubule-associated protein may mediate the association of AP-1 with microtubules in the cytoplasm. (huji.ac.il)
  • To do this, the microtubule must connect, via a motor protein, to an actin cable anchored in the cell membrane of the emerging daughter cell. (sciena.ch)
  • The motor protein then walks along the actin cable, pulling the microtubule into the daughter cell until its precious cargo of genetic material reaches its intended destination between the two cells (see video). (sciena.ch)
  • This coupling - essential for cell division to proceed - must withstand the tension as the motor protein walks and enable the nucleus to be delicately manoeuvred. (sciena.ch)
  • Michel Steinmetz, whose research group at PSI are experts in the structural biology of microtubules, explains: 'Between microtubule and motor protein, there needs to be a glue. (sciena.ch)
  • A microtubule (green) recruits a motor protein (purple) to its tip. (sciena.ch)
  • This protein grabs an actin cable (red), which is anchored in the cell membrane of the emerging daughter cell. (sciena.ch)
  • Here, their discovery provides an answer: as a drop of liquid glue would cling to the end of a pencil, so this protein 'liquid' can cling to the end of the microtubule even as it grows or shrinks. (sciena.ch)
  • unlike most of the motors in this group (which work together in pairs), Kar3 motor protein subunits each bind to and work with non-motor protein subunits, including one called Cik1. (elifesciences.org)
  • The head of the non-motor protein cannot bind to ATP, although it can bind to microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • this raises questions about how the Kar3 motor protein moves along the microtubule, and whether this affects the roles the motor performs. (elifesciences.org)
  • found that the Kar3-Cik1 motor binds to and transports a protein complex that is crucial for separating chromosomes during cell division. (elifesciences.org)
  • protein patterns of subjects with leish- Cell culture maniasis [17]. (who.int)
  • First described in 1848, MM is characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein (M protein). (medscape.com)
  • A microscopic membrane made up of lipids and proteins which forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm. (eduhyme.com)
  • They are also involved in the transport of materials within the cell, and in the peripheral flow of cytoplasm and cell organelles known as cytoplasmic streaming . (encyclopedia.com)
  • One conclusion made in this study is that the flagellum of sperm cells are formed in a unique way that we named cytoplasmic ciliogenesis, as in this type of ciliogenesis the cilium axoneme is exposed to the cytoplasm. (utoledo.edu)
  • Ones found freely in cytoplasm or as part of the Rough endopl-asmic reticulum in Eukaryotic cells. (cheatography.com)
  • We visualize ribosomal subunit proteins and show that the large subunits diffused slowly throughout the cytoplasm (D c,60S = 0.311 μm 2 /s), whereas entire polysomes underwent long-range motility along microtubules. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The study focuses on a coupling that occurs at the ends of microtubules - filaments that criss-cross the cell's cytoplasm. (sciena.ch)
  • Together with dynactin, dynein regulates centrosomal orientation to establish and maintain cell polarity, controls focal adhesion turnover and anchors microtubules at the leading edge. (biologists.com)
  • We then showed that Tubulin, the building block of microtubules, functions as a switch like regulatory subunit that regulates the formation of the PCM complexes, and centrosome function. (utoledo.edu)
  • These include both stabilizing and destabilizing microtubules, guiding microtubules towards specific cellular locations, cross-linking microtubules and mediating the interactions of microtubules with other proteins in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • They bind to microtubules through charge interactions, a different mechanism to many other MAPs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cilia and flagella move because of the interactions of a set of microtubules inside. (cytochemistry.net)
  • Interactions of microtubule subunits and membranes followed by fluorescence techniques. (uconn.edu)
  • Chromosome segregation requires robust interactions between the macromolecular kinetochore structure and dynamic microtubule polymers. (mit.edu)
  • We propose a model in which the Astrin-SKAP complex acts together with the Ndc80 complex to stabilize correctly formed kinetochore-microtubule interactions. (mit.edu)
  • AP-1 in cytosolic extracts interacted with in vitro assembled microtubules, and these interactions were inhibited by ATP depletion of the extracts or in the presence of 5′-adenylylimidodiphosphate. (huji.ac.il)
  • Nowhere is this better optimised than in the cell, where the interactions between moving subcellular structures underpin many biological processes. (sciena.ch)
  • Cell wall quality with respect to biomass conversion is determined by the relative abundances of the different polymers, polymer substitutions and modifications and the interactions among polymers. (frontiersin.org)
  • MAPs bind to the tubulin subunits that make up microtubules to regulate their stability. (wikipedia.org)
  • One question that had long intrigued scientists was how the three core Kar9 network proteins stay attached to the microtubule tip even when tubulin subunits are added or removed: equivalent to the hook at the end of a towrope remaining in place whilst adjacent sections of rope are inserted or snipped off. (sciena.ch)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein, found in all animal cells and possibly plant cells as well, performs functions necessary for cell survival such as organelle transport and centrosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein helps to position the Golgi complex and other organelles in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein positions the spindle at the site of cytokinesis by anchoring to the cell cortex and pulling on astral microtubules emanating from centrosome . (wikipedia.org)
  • Analysis revealed a non-sense mutation in cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain 1 (dync1h1), a critical subunit in Dynein1, to underlie the cannonball phenotypes. (nih.gov)
  • Microfilaments often occur in abundance immediately beneath the plasma membrane , and play a role in cell motility, cytokinesis , and cytoplasmic streaming . (encyclopedia.com)
  • The cilium is anchored at its base by cytoplasmic microtubules and a basal body comprised of a basal foot and rootlet. (medscape.com)
  • Dynein is the sole processive minus-end-directed microtubule motor found in animals. (biologists.com)
  • Dyneins are ubiquitous, multimeric proteins that are responsible for minus end-directed microtubule-based organelle transport. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • They are made up of microtubules , as shown in this cartoon and are covered by an extension of the plasma membrane. (cytochemistry.net)
  • Microtubule membrane interaction fluorescence techniques. (uconn.edu)
  • It has roles in cell division, membrane trafficking, and cell migration. (biologists.com)
  • When the end of the microtubules become close to the cell membrane, they release a chemical signal that punts the dynein to the other side of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gel like substance enclosed within the cell membrane excluding nucleus. (eduhyme.com)
  • It is the biological membrane that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. (eduhyme.com)
  • The cell that lacks a distinct nucleus and other specialized membrane bound organelles. (eduhyme.com)
  • An organism whose cell contains a membrane bound distinct nucleus along with other specialized organelles enclosed in membranes. (eduhyme.com)
  • The in-folding of plasma membrane in some bacterial cells that carry respiratory enzymes. (eduhyme.com)
  • The process of intake of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane is called pinocytosis, also called drinking of cell. (eduhyme.com)
  • When mast cells are activated by allergens bound to immunoglobulin E antibodies, secretory granules move along microtubules to the periphery of the cells, where they can fuse with the plasma membrane and release their contents. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Their mast cells showed lower levels of secretory granule release because the granules were no longer transported to the plasma membrane upon mast cell activation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Overexpression of the dynamitin (p50) subunit of the dynactin complex disrupts dynein-dependent maintenance of membrane organelle distribution. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Bundles of microfilaments often occur just beneath the cell surface, typically oriented parallel to the long axis of the cell, and some are anchored to the plasma membrane. (encyclopedia.com)
  • But what all these life forms have in common is that their genetic code is copied from cell to cell thanks to the process of mitosis, whereby the nucleus of a cell splits into two before the cell divides. (visionlearning.com)
  • The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell splits into two identical daughter nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
  • The rate at which mitosis occurs depends on the cell type. (visionlearning.com)
  • Surface functions during mitosis I: phagocytosis, pinocytosis and mobility of surface bound Con A. Cell 15: 327-341. (uconn.edu)
  • It does this repeatedly so the chromosomes end up in the center of the cell, which is necessary in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 3rd statement of cell theory had to wait until late in the century, when Louis Pasteur disproved notions of spontaneous generation, and German histologists observed mitosis and meiosis, the underlying events of cell division in eukaryotes: Cells come from pre-existing cells (i.e., they reproduce). (eduhyme.com)
  • Molecular characterization of the 50-kD subunit of dynactin reveals function for the complex in chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Main During mitosis, the duplicated genome needs to be accurately distributed over the two daughter cells. (cbinsights.com)
  • A key outstanding question is how kinetochore-microtubule attachments are modulated to ensure that bi-oriented attachments are selectively stabilized and maintained. (mit.edu)
  • Kinesin proteins: A phylum of motors for microtubule-based motility. (bio.net)
  • To identify subunits of the DRC, we characterized a Chlamydomonas motility mutant obtained by insertional mutagenesis. (umn.edu)
  • Microtubule dynamics and glutathione metabolism in phagocytizing human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (uconn.edu)
  • 2009). γ-Tubulin ring complexes regulate microtubule plus end dynamics . (up.pt)
  • Microtubule plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs) accumulate at these growing plus ends to control microtubule dynamics and attachment. (uky.edu)
  • It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Western blot analysis of Dynactin p50 on Jurkat cell lysate. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Dynactin is composed of at least nine polypeptides with p50 being the second most abundant subunit. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • beta III spectrin binds to the Arp1 subunit of dynactin. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Collectively, these are called an "axoneme", This figure shows a microtubule (top panel) in surface view and in cross section (lower left hand panel). (cytochemistry.net)
  • The typical ciliary axoneme consists of two central microtubules surrounded by 9 microtubular doublets. (medscape.com)
  • Present address: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. (biologists.com)
  • MAPs are integral to the stability of the cell and its internal structures and the transport of components within the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scientists in the preceding years had already been seeing faint structures in cells , but their dyes were not good enough to reveal what any of these structures did. (visionlearning.com)
  • Throughout the 19th century, as microscopes developed, scientists had been seeing clues of structures in dividing cells of eukaryotes . (visionlearning.com)
  • Unfortunately, the dyes killed the cells, and since the structures under the microscope were difficult to see as it was, Flemming's forerunners weren't sure they were seeing anything characteristic of a live, functional cell. (visionlearning.com)
  • The first two precepts of Cell Theory were enunciated near the middle of the 19th century, after many observations of plant and animal cells revealed common structural features (e.g., a nucleus, a wall or boundary, a common organization of cells into groups to form multicellular structures of plants and animals and even lower life forms). (eduhyme.com)
  • structures in Cell Biology, vol. (private-art.com)
  • Just making the right proteins at the right times cannot explain the complex skeletons of such structures without many other forces coming into play, including the organizing activity of cell membranes and microtubules. (sheldrake.org)
  • The expression of Gas8/Gas11 transcripts in a wide range of tissues may also indicate a potential role for PF2-related proteins in other microtubule-based structures. (umn.edu)
  • Kinesins can have different structures, but most are made up of two subunits that are joined and work together to create a walking-like movement. (elifesciences.org)
  • Just above the base, the cilium is composed of microtubular triplets (previously doublets) without associated structures, but at the tip, only the B subunits remain. (medscape.com)
  • All cells come from other cells, and all cells inherit fields of organization. (sheldrake.org)
  • Potential targets for biomass improvement include cell wall regulatory genes, intercellular trafficking, and microtubule organization. (frontiersin.org)
  • that is, one or the other of its stalks is always attached to the microtubule so that the dynein can "walk" a considerable distance along a microtubule without detaching. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dynein is involved in the movement of chromosomes and positioning the mitotic spindles for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dynein pulls the microtubules and chromosomes to one end of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rupp, G & Porter, ME 2003, ' A subunit of the dynein regulatory complex in Chlamydomonas is a homologue of a growth arrest-specific gene product ', Journal of Cell Biology , vol. 162, no. 1, pp. 47-57. (umn.edu)
  • The cycle is mediated by dynein arms from the A subunit that attach to the B subunit of the adjacent microtubule. (medscape.com)
  • Researchers from Paul Scherrer Institute PSI and ETH Zurich have discovered how proteins in the cell can form tiny liquid droplets that act as a smart molecular glue. (sciena.ch)
  • My interest in evolutionary habits arose when I was engaged in research in developmental biology, and was reinforced by reading Charles Darwin, for whom the habits of organisms were of central importance. (sheldrake.org)
  • In Tetrahymena, a cell type with elaborate microtubule arrays, we engineered null mutations in subunits of the microtubule-severing complex, katanin. (pasteur.fr)
  • In this respect, although obviously lacking a brain with a multicellular neuronal network, simple unicellular yeast are of great value to investigate the effects of overexpression and single point-mutations in genes encoding key proteins on cell physiology and on the function of conserved signaling cascades. (microbialcell.com)
  • MCPH is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern in which both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Members of the MAP1 family are found in the axons and dendrites of nerve cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Luminal material in microtubules of frog olfactory axons: structure and distribution. (rupress.org)
  • The substructure and distribution of luminal material in microtubules of olfactory axons were studied in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. (rupress.org)
  • Counts of microtubules showing luminal material were obtained for axons in the proximal and distal ends of the olfactory nerve, and it was found that 16-18% more of the microtubules in the distal regions showed the luminal component. (rupress.org)
  • When microtubules in olfactory axons were depolymerized in situ by cold and calcium treatment and then induced to reassemble, most of those that were formed de novo showed empty lumina. (rupress.org)
  • Microtubules (MTs) form dense parallel arrays in axons and dendrites that are required for the growth and maintenance of these neurites [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In further support of a role of Gβγ-MT interaction in neuronal differentiation, it was observed that overexpression of Gβγ in PC12 cells induced neurite outgrowth in the absence of added NGF. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Previous studies have indicated that kinesin-14 motors are non-processive enzymes, working in the context of multi-motor ensembles that collectively organize microtubule networks. (elifesciences.org)
  • review the current knowledge about cell wall genetics, chemistry and structure in Miscanthus . (frontiersin.org)
  • This discovery is just the beginning of a new understanding of the role smart liquids play in the cell, believes Yves Barral, professor of biochemistry at ETH Zurich, whose research group is investigating the process of cell division in yeast. (sciena.ch)
  • MAP1S has been found to regulate cell division and cell death The MAP2 family is involved in the development of neurons, mostly present during early stages of axon formation then disappear later. (wikipedia.org)
  • One member of this complex, Rab27b, has previously been shown to regulate mast cell secretion. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Each doublet has an A subunit and a B subunit attached as a semicircle. (medscape.com)
  • A central sheath envelops the two central microtubules, which attach to the outer doublets by radial spokes. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, through cross-linking analysis in human cells and biochemical reconstitution, we show that the Astrin-SKAP complex binds synergistically to microtubules with the Ndc80 complex to form an integrated interface. (mit.edu)
  • SGO1 binds to a composite interface formed by the SA2 and SCC1RAD21 subunits of cohesin. (cbinsights.com)
  • present chemical composition data of cell walls from distinct organs and developmental stages. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results indicate similar cell wall composition to those previously determined for a diverse set of C3 forage grasses and cereals, highlighting the usefulness of B. distachyon as a model for temperate grasses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Neuronal outgrowth is a complex process in which two distinct domains emerge from the cell body: a long, thin axon that transmits signals, and multiple shorter dendrites, which are specialized primarily for receiving signals. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The study, "Kinesin-1 controls mast cell degranulation and anaphylaxis through PI3K-dependent recruitment to the granular Slp3/Rab27b complex," which will be published online October 24 ahead of issue in The Journal of Cell Biology , suggests that targeting this motor may be a new way to treat patients undergoing anaphylactic shock. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Nucleotide sequence of the PetM gene encoding a 4 kDa subunit of the cytochrome b6f complex from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (bio.net)
  • p150[glued] is the largest subunit of the complex. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 2006). The Drosophila γ-tubulin small complex subunit Dgrip84 is required for structural and functional integrity of the spindle apparatus . (up.pt)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is asymmetrically segregated into the surviving daughter cell rather than the apoptotic one during ACDs in Caenorhabditis elegans . (elifesciences.org)
  • Here, we reconstitute the 4-subunit Astrin-SKAP complex, including a novel MYCBP subunit. (mit.edu)
  • Our work demonstrates that the Astrin-SKAP complex contains separable kinetochore localization and microtubule binding domains. (mit.edu)
  • The plant cell wall is a heterogeneous mix of polymers that interact to assemble a complex and recalcitrant matrix. (frontiersin.org)
  • In Cell Division I: The Cell Cycle , we learned that Flemming observed how chromosomes became visible in patterns that repeated each time the cells of fire salamanders divided. (visionlearning.com)
  • We will also discuss potential approaches to humanize yeast in order to create modification patterns resembling the situation in mammalian cells, which could enhance the value of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis as disease models. (microbialcell.com)
  • Scutella have distinctive cell patterns that are formed by a sequence of hyphal branching and septation. (ubc.ca)
  • The researchers created mice whose mast cells lacked a key subunit of kinesin-1 called Kif5b. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The fact that mice lacking Kif5b in their mast cells exhibited very low levels of passive, systemic anaphylaxis suggests that kinesin-1 could be a valuable new therapeutic target for controlling allergic reactions," Ménasché says. (sciencedaily.com)
  • A specific subset of transient receptor potential vanilloid-type channel subunits in Caenorhabditis elegans endocrine cells function as mixed heteromers to promote neurotransmitter release. (modeldb.science)
  • Caenorhabditis elegans represents a valuable model for investigating ACD, given its invariant cell lineage and conserved mechanisms of ACD. (elifesciences.org)
  • For these studies we use neurons that are maintained in cell culture as well as genetically-modified strains of mice that are at increased risk for developing neurodegenerative conditions analogous to those observed in humans. (uml.edu)
  • Photoreceptors of the retina are highly compartmentalized cells that function as the primary sensory neurons for receiving and initiating transmission of visual information. (nih.gov)
  • QL or QR neuroblast each generates three neurons and two apoptotic cells (Q.aa/Q.pp, X). QL produces PQR, PVM, and SDQL. (elifesciences.org)
  • The deduced primary structure of subunit I from cytochrome c oxidase suggests that the genus Polytomella shares a common mitochondrial origin with Chlamydomonas. (bio.net)
  • Scanning Electron Microscopy of Red Blood Cell infected by Plasmodium falciparum. (pasteur.fr)
  • Under conditions favorable to microtubule assembly the entire pellet is seen by electron microscopy to consist of 'double wall microtubules', which are essentially identical to normal microtubules in subunit structure and arrangement. (duke.edu)
  • studied how a molecular motor made up of Kar3 and Cik1 moves along microtubules using sensitive microscopy that allows single molecules to be observed. (elifesciences.org)
  • A fluorescent probe has been attached to the carboxy terminus of the α-subunit of α,β-tubulin by an enzymatic reaction followed by a chemical reaction. (psu.edu)
  • Both the enzymatic and coupling reaction can occur in living cells. (psu.edu)
  • Processive motors can walk continuously along a microtubule for several hundred steps, whereas non-processive motors fall off after just a few steps. (elifesciences.org)
  • This revealed that, contrary to what is expected from a non-processive motor, Kar3-Cik1 moves long distances on microtubules without detaching from them. (elifesciences.org)