• Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) is a cofactor found in a class of proteins known as quinoproteins. (netsolhost.com)
  • Genome-based bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of an intact PQQ biosynthesis operon (pqqFABCDEG) and four putative pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes in the genomes of Pseudomonas strain SD17-1 and Devosia strain SD17-2, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • The copper amine oxidases occur as mushroom-shaped homodimers of 70-95 kDa, each monomer containing a copper ion and a covalently bound redox cofactor, topaquinone (TPQ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Modern oxidoreductase enzymes employ differential binding between reduced and oxidized forms of redox cofactors to alter cofactor reduction potential and enhance the enzyme's catalytic capabilities. (nature.com)
  • Nevertheless, RNA's ability to exploit these cofactors for redox catalysis remains underexplored. (nature.com)
  • Additionally, B-vitamins (riboflavin, niacin and cobalamin ) serve as vital cofactors for key steps in metabolism. (pureencapsulationspro.com)
  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Vitamin B6 and PQQ-dependent Proteins, A. Iriarte, H.M.Kagan and M. Martinez-Carrion, eds. (nih.gov)
  • Adenosine monophosphate-containing cofactors, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are often used by key enzymes in metabolic pathways. (nature.com)
  • Follicle stimulating hormone is a two subunit protein hormone marketed by Serono to enhance fertility. (netsolhost.com)
  • Protein enzymes markedly shift the E m values of bound flavins by exploiting the energy of differential recognition of oxidized and reduced cofactors (Fig. 1a ), enabling them to react with substrates that span a broader range of E m values. (nature.com)
  • 7 These include zinc, which supports multiple subunits of the electron transport chain, magnesium, which stabilizes ATP, and selenium and manganese, which are cofactors for antioxidant enzymes that protect the mitochondrial membrane and DNA from free radicals produced during energy production. (pureencapsulationspro.com)