• PCAF (p300/CBP-associated factor) and GCN5 are mammalian GNATs that share a high degree of homology throughout their sequences. (wikipedia.org)
  • AA was reported to inhibit the HAT activity of p300 and p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • The key molecules involved in this dynamic process are histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC), which add acetyl group to histone and remove it from histone respectively [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we show that statins inhibited the histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and increased the accumulation of acetylated histone-H3 and the expression of p21 WAF/CIP in human cancer cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The CREB-binding protein (CREBBP, or in short CBP) and p300 are lysine (K) acetyl transferases (KAT) belonging to the KAT3 family of proteins known to modify histones, as well as non-histone proteins, thereby regulating chromatin accessibility and transcription. (nih.gov)
  • Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are enzymes that acetylate conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to form ε-N-acetyllysine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Histone acetyltransferases can also acetylate non-histone proteins, such as nuclear receptors and other transcription factors to facilitate gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several MYST family proteins contain zinc fingers as well as the highly conserved motif A found among GNATs that facilitates acetyl-CoA binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proteins that may have acetyltransferase activity, but lack experimental evidence for intrinsic activity are listed as putative lysine acetyltransferases. (nih.gov)
  • he concept that only DNA and pactness, which is influenced by histone tional silencing through its nicoti- proteins can impact disease states modifications, determines the DNA's namide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)- is an oversimplification. (nih.gov)
  • Many studies suggest that gene non-histone proteins (i.e., chromatin). (nih.gov)
  • HN - 2006(1981) BX - Actin-Capping Proteins MH - Actin Depolymerizing Factors UI - D051339 MN - D5.750.78.730.212 MN - D12.776.220.525.212 MS - A family of low MOLECULAR WEIGHT actin-binding proteins found throughout eukaryotes. (nih.gov)
  • The acetyl groups added by type B HATs to the histones are removed by HDACs once they enter the nucleus and are incorporated into chromatin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simple transcriptionally active genes are found the ratio between both compounds metabolites dictate the actions of spe- in open chromatin areas (i.e., euchro- (i.e., the NADH/NAD+ ratio) all cific transcription factors that sense the matin). (nih.gov)
  • 2012). This effect is achieved through transcription and thus may influence chromatin remodeling. (nih.gov)
  • The identification of super-enhancer relies mainly on the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing analysis using a combination of active enhancer marks (H3K27ac, H3K4me1), co-activators, and transcription factor profiles (especially cell-type defining TFs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitations were performed with cross-linked chromatin from HeLa cells and Acetyl-Histone H3 (Lys27) (D5E4) XP ® Rabbit mAb, using SimpleChIP ® Plus Enzymatic Chromatin IP Kit (Magnetic Beads) #9005. (cellsignal.com)
  • Also, progression of may substantially change the transcrip- modifications, such as DNA methyl- disease often may be better explained tional potential of a cell, thereby transferases (DNMTs), histone acetyl- by epigenetic alterations than by muta- altering gene expression with outcomes transferases (HATs), HDACs, histone tions. (nih.gov)
  • Gcn5, p300/CBP, and TAFII250 are some examples of type A HATs that cooperate with activators to enhance transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • From the screening, we found that PTEN -/- colorectal cancer cells were sensitive to anacardic acid, a p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitor. (ijbs.com)
  • NOC2 like nucleolar associated transcriptional repressor (NOC2L) was recently identified as a novel inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase (INHAT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Changes in the NADH:NAD + ratio regulate CtBP binding to the acetyltransferase p300, and regulate binding of p300 and the transcription factor NF-κB to pro-inflammatory gene promoters. (nature.com)
  • DNA is wrapped around histones, and, by transferring an acetyl group to the histones, genes can be turned on and off. (wikipedia.org)
  • Entire sets of genes pathways in which key metabolites (heterochromatin), which is associated may be silenced by NAD-dependent bind to transcription factors and alter with the removal of acetyl groups (i.e. (nih.gov)
  • Super-enhancers (SEs) in a broad range of human cell types are large clusters of enhancers with aberrant high levels of transcription factor binding, which are central to drive expression of genes in controlling cell identity and stimulating oncogenic transcription. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 20 kb on average) with exceptionally higher (as compared to binding to typical enhancers) binding of transcriptional coactivators, such as mediator or EP300, or BRD4, or CDK7 [ 14 ], and have high potential to activate transcription of their target genes (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • HN - 2006(1998) MH - Activating Transcription Factor 1 UI - D051697 MN - D12.776.260.108.61.500 MN - D12.776.930.127.61.500 MS - An activating transcription factor that regulates expression of a variety of genes including C-JUN GENES and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA2. (nih.gov)
  • Type B HATs are located in the cytoplasm and are responsible for acetylating newly synthesized histones prior to their assembly into nucleosomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Distinct functional states of enhancer landscape can be marked by the combinatorial patterns of histone modifications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypermethylation of CpG islands of PTEN promoter which leads to PTEN transcription silence is found in colorectal, breast, prostate cancer and other cancers [ 2 - 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Although (lncRNAs), promoter-associated RNAs regulation of rate-limiting metabolic the genetic code is the same in all cells, (PARs), and enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) enzymes, which usually involves epige- each cell in the body has a unique have emerged as critical factors that netic mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • This binding also affects the three-dimensional structure of DNA, allowing the interaction between the activators and enhancers, the transcription factors, as well as the core promoter region and the RNA polymerase [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cancer cells acquire super-enhancers at oncogene and cancerous phenotype relies on these abnormal transcription propelled by SEs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metabolic factors such as caloric restriction, ketogenic diet, and hyperglycemia influence the inflammatory response, but how this occurs is unclear. (nature.com)
  • An example of how simple metabolites promoting or preventing numerous to determine which parts of, and the affect gene transcription is demonstrated biochemical reactions, including gene extent to which, the genetic code will in caloric restriction (CR) studies. (nih.gov)
  • These HATs are generally characterized by the presence of a bromodomain, and they are found to acetylate lysine residues on histones H2B, H3, and H4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enhancer is a class of regulatory DNA sequence that activates transcription of an associated gene from a distance of up to 1 Mbps (millions of base pairs) and independent of its orientation and location with respect to the transcription start sites (TSS) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is responsible for most of the cytoplasmic HAT activity in yeast, and it binds strongly to histone H4 by virtue of its association with an additional subunit, Hat2. (wikipedia.org)
  • This includes the most highly conserved motif A, which contains an Arg/Gln-X-X-Gly-X-Gly/Ala sequence that is important for acetyl-CoA recognition and binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • It does not accessibility to the transcription machin- dependent histone deacetylase take into account different metabolic ery. (nih.gov)
  • The cytosolic NADH:NAD + ratio is decreased by ketogenic factors such as dietary restriction and 2DG, which decrease flux through glycolysis, and increased by conditions such as hypoxia and hyperglycemia, which increase flux through glycolysis. (nature.com)
  • Recently, they have been found to acetylate key factors involved in DNA replication, and in different DNA repair processes, such as base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, and non-homologous end joining. (nih.gov)
  • Below are the lysine acetyltransferases found in mammals. (nih.gov)
  • methyltransferases (HMTs), and histone status (Slomko et al. (nih.gov)
  • The growing list of CBP/p300 substrates now includes factors involved in DNA damage signaling, and in other pathways of the DNA damage response (DDR). (nih.gov)
  • the balance between acetyltransferase and deacetylase activities. (nih.gov)
  • in situations where an antibody will be used to support large, long-term studies, this can be an especially critical factor. (cellsignal.com)