Flap endonuclease 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FEN1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
In eukaryotes, DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) bound to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) replicates the lagging strand and cooperates with flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) to process the Okazaki fragments for their ligation. (nature.com)
Missed Cleavage opportunities by FEN1 lead to Okazaki fragments maturations via the long-flap pathway. (edu.sa)
The 9-1-1 complex has also been found to interact with base excision repair factors human DNA polymerase beta, flap endonuclease FEN1, and the S. pombe MutY homolog (SpMYH), indicating that 9-1-1 also plays a direct role in DNA repair. (reactome.org)
In this study, I am focusing on characterizing how PCNA recruits and stimulates the structure specific flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) to process the aberrant double flap (DF) structures that are produced during maturation of Okazaki fragments. (edu.sa)
Using single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) measurements that simultaneously monitored bending and cleavage of various DF substrates by FEN1 alone or in the presence of PCNA, we found that FEN1 and PCNA bends cognate and non-cognate substrates but display remarkable selectivity to stabilize the bent conformer in cognate substrate while promoting the dissociation of non-cognate substrates. (edu.sa)
This mechanism provides efficiency and accuracy for FEN1 and PCNA to cleave the correct substrate while avoiding the deleterious cleavage of incorrect substrates. (edu.sa)
We have also used X-ray crystallography to obtain an understanding of how Chaetomium thermophilum PCNA interacts with Ct PolD3, Ct PolD4 and the flap endonuclease Ct Fen1 at atomic resolution (collaboration with Dr Magnus Alphey, University of St Andrews). (st-andrews.ac.uk)
Specificity5
Sequential and multistep substrate interrogation provides the scaffold for specificity in human flap endonuclease 1.Cell Reports. (edu.sa)
endonuclease (CuquEndo) produced in mammalian cells showed no sequence specificity for DNA substrate except that it only cleaves double-stranded DNA. (silverchair.com)
However,some nucleases showing little sequence specificity do recognize certain structural features of their respective DNA substrates other than ss/ds DNA. (silverchair.com)
Substrate specificity of the MUS81-EME2 structure selective endonuclease. (nih.gov)
SMX formation activates MUS81-EME1 for replication fork and flap structure cleavage by relaxing substrate specificity. (figshare.com)
Cleavage3
DNA secondary structure can inhibit flap processing at certain trinucleotide repeats in a length-dependent manner by concealing the 5' end of the flap that is necessary for both binding and cleavage by the protein encoded by this gene. (wikipedia.org)
We also demonstrate that POL gamma-driven strand displacement is sufficient to generate DNA- but not RNA-flap substrates suitable for MGME1 cleavage and ligation during replication. (chalmers.se)
In general, caspase substrates become inactivated upon cleavage, however, a subset become activated (4) and contribute to apoptosis. (cancercurehere.com)
Polymerase4
In vitro studies indicate that loading is preferred onto DNA substrates containing ssDNA gaps that presumably resemble structures found upon replication fork stalling and DNA polymerase/helicase uncoupling. (reactome.org)
The holoenzyme possesses three activities: 5'→3' DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, 3'→5' proofreading and 3'→5' exonuclease (also known as flap endonuclease). (qiagen.com)
Hot Start Taq DNA Polymerase （ Antibody modification ） is a hot-start thermostable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus YT-1 ，that possesses a 5´→ 3´ polymerase activity and a 5 ´ flap endonuclease activity. (biolmedonline.com)
During each PCR cycle, the 5' flap endonuclease domain of Taq DNA polymerase hydrolyzes the probe as the primer is extended and the target sequence is amplified. (neb.com)
Single stranded4
The protein encoded by this gene removes 5' overhanging "flaps" (or short sections of single stranded DNA that "hang off" because their nucleotide bases are prevented from binding to their complementary base pair-despite any base pairing downstream) in DNA repair and processes the 5' ends of Okazaki fragments in lagging strand DNA synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
Recently, MGME1 was identified as a mitochondrial DNA nuclease with preference for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) substrates. (chalmers.se)
These enzymes belong to the phosphodiesterase family and are capable of cleaving phosphodiester internal bonds within double-stranded (ds)or single-stranded (ss) DNA and RNA substrates. (silverchair.com)
It is undesirable for DNA sequencing and other applications due to the ability of the 5'→3' exonuclease to degrade flap structures, single-stranded and double-stranded DNA from free 53'→5'-ends. (qiagen.com)
Selectivity1
Single-molecule FRET unveils induced-fit mechanism for substrate selectivity in flap endonuclease 1. (edu.sa)
Structure selective1
Resolution of these potentially toxic structures requires the MUS81-EME1 endonuclease, which is activated at prometaphase by formation of the SMX tri-nuclease containing three DNA repair structure-selective endonucleases: SLX1-SLX4, MUS81-EME1, and XPF-ERCC1. (figshare.com)
A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. (nature.com)
Cleave1
We show that MGME1 can cleave flaps to enable efficient ligation of newly replicated DNA strands in combination with POL gamma. (chalmers.se)
Structures2
Enzymes recognizing helical parameters such as groove width and flexibility(Dnase-I) or helical distortions caused by abasic sites (exonuclease III,HAP1), and enzymes specific for such structures as flap DNA (5′nucleases of eukaryotes and phage and eubacterial DNA polymerases) and four-way junctions (T4 endonuclease VII, RuvC) have been reported (reviewed by Suck, 1997 ). (silverchair.com)
Crystal Structures of Highly Constrained Substrate and Hydrolysis Products Bound to HIV-1 Protease. (proteopedia.org)
PCNA1
The product is a nick substrate that can be sealed by DNA ligase I whose recruitment is also mediated by its interaction with PCNA. (edu.sa)
Polymerases1
In repair reactions catalyzed by cell extracts we have used a substrate containing a reduced apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site resistant to beta-elimination and inhibitors that selectively affect different DNA polymerases. (neb.com)
Replication2
The protein is a member of the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family and is one of ten proteins essential for cell-free DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we assess the biochemical role of MGME1 in the processing of flap intermediates during mitochondrial DNA replication using reconstituted systems. (chalmers.se)
Enzyme2
Direct physical interaction between this protein and AP endonuclease 1 during long-patch base excision repair provides coordinated loading of the proteins onto the substrate, thus passing the substrate from one enzyme to another. (wikipedia.org)
Influence of the membrane lipophilic environment on the structure and on the substrate access/egress routes of the human aromatase enzyme. (google.ch)
Gaps1
MGME1 generates a pool of imprecisely cut products (short flaps, nicks and gaps) that are converted to ligatable nicks by POL gamma through extension or excision of the 3'-end strand. (chalmers.se)
Proteins2
Previous analysis of the salivary gland transcriptome of Culex quinquefasciatus showed the potential presence of an endonuclease with sequence similarities to shrimp, crab and two tsetse salivary proteins. (silverchair.com)
This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS. (lookformedical.com)
Nucleases1
Exo1 belongs to the RAD2 family of nucleases and possesses 5-3 nuclease activity and 5-flap endonuclease activity (11,12). (cancercurehere.com)
Involves2
How ever, some DNA lesions that render deoxyribose resistant to beta-elimination are removed through a long-patch repair pathway that involves strand displacement synthesis and removal of the generated flap by specific endonuclease. (neb.com)
download Dopamine in the Pathophysiology and Treatment involves a histone of endonucleases, receptor effects catalyzed in solar enzymes. (evakoch.com)
Activity2
endonuclease was active in the presence of Mg 2+ ions at pH 7.0-8.0,but no endonuclease activity was detected in the presence of calcium ions. (silverchair.com)
Some probe designs do not require the 5' flap endonuclease activity of Taq such as molecular beacons, Scorpions® and dual-hybridization probes. (neb.com)
Complex1
However, the presence of the 9-1-1 complex also alters the ability of Rad17 to become phosphorylated, perhaps suggesting that 9-1-1 may regulate the recruiment of additional ATR substrates. (reactome.org)
Beta1
This domain includes a mostly solvent exposed loop (residue 33-43) preceding the beta hairpin containing the flaps (residue 44-63). (proteopedia.org)
Repair1
EME2 forms a heterodimer with MUS81 (MIM 606591) that functions as an XPF (MIM 278760)-type flap/fork endonuclease in DNA repair (Ciccia et al. (nih.gov)
Active site1
Flexible flaps enclose the active site and provide important ligand binding interactions. (proteopedia.org)
Found1
A comprehensive list of caspase substrates can be found on the CASBAH web site (http://www.casbah.ie). (cancercurehere.com)
Site2
This female-specific secreted endonuclease may assist blood meal intake by lowering the local viscosity created by the release of host DNA in the bite site and/or acting as an indirect anticoagulant factor by producing a defibrotide-like mixture of DNA haptamers. (silverchair.com)
Here we describe prime editing, a versatile and precise genome editing method that directly writes new genetic information into a specified DNA site using a catalytically impaired Cas9 endonuclease fused to an engineered reverse transcriptase, programmed with a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) that both specifies the target site and encodes the desired edit. (nature.com)
Functions1
Although endonucleases have been associated with a variety of cellular functions, their role in mosquito saliva is not clear. (silverchair.com)