Six species of Papio are recognized, although there is some disagreement about whether they are really full species or subspecies. (wikipedia.org)
However, there is some disagreement about whether these five groupings are really full species or subspecies. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Hamadryas baboon8
There are six species of baboon: the hamadryas baboon, the Guinea baboon, the olive baboon, the yellow baboon, the Kinda baboon and the chacma baboon. (wikipedia.org)
Each species is native to one of six areas of Africa and the hamadryas baboon is also native to part of the Arabian Peninsula. (wikipedia.org)
This may not be helpful: it is based on the argument that the hamadryas baboon is behaviorally and physically distinct from other baboon species, and that this reflects a separate evolutionary history. (wikipedia.org)
However, recent morphological and genetic studies of Papio show the hamadryas baboon to be more closely related to the northern baboon species (the Guinea and olive baboons) than to the southern species (the yellow and chacma baboons). (wikipedia.org)
Males of the hamadryas baboon species also have large white manes. (wikipedia.org)
P. hamadryas (Hamadryas baboon) is found in northeast Africa and into southwestern Arabia. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The Hamadryas baboon was a sacred animal to the ancient Egyptians as the attendant of Thoth , and so, is also called the sacred baboon. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
However, while behaviorally and physically distinct from other baboon types, the Hamadryas baboon is known to hybridize with olive baboons, and recent phylogenetic studies of Papio show Hamadryas baboons to be more closely related to Guinea and olive baboons than to Chacmas (Newman et al. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The savannah baboons (genus Papio ) form a cluster of 6 closely related allotaxa, classified either as separate species (e.g. (karger.com)
Kunz and Linsenmair, 2008], although there is also evidence for some overarching patterning in baboon-environment relationships at the genus scale. (karger.com)
However, previously the closely related gelada (genus Theropithecus ) and two species of mandrill and drill (genus Mandrillus ) were grouped in the same genus, and these monkeys are still often referred to as baboons in everyday speech. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
P. anubis (olive baboon) is found in central African savanna, and P. cynocephalus (yellow baboon) is found in Angola , Zambia , Malawi , Tanzania , Kenya , and Somalia. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
P.h. hamadyas (sacred baboons), P. h. cynocephalus (yellow baboons), P. h. ursinus (Chacma baboons), P. h. papio (red baboons or Guinea baboons), and P. H. anubis (olive baboons). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
On the savanna, large herds of impalas (Aepyceros melampus) and Grant's gazelles (Nanger granti) are grazing, accompanied by a troop of about a hundred olive baboons (Papio anubis) . (kajhalberg.dk)
Phylogenetic studies1
the Kinda baboon has gained support for its species status after phylogenetic studies of all members of Papio. (wikipedia.org)
Savanna2
But calling them all subspecies of Papio hamadryas seems odd because Hamadryas baboons are the most distinctive baboons of all: the males have showy capes and tufted tails, and their societies have an unusual multi-level structure quite different from the usual troops of "savanna baboons. (michael-lawrence-wilson.com)
Baboons are terrestrial (ground dwelling) and are found in savanna, open woodland, and hills across Africa . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Africa3
Baboons are terrestrial (ground dwelling) and are found in open savannah, open woodland and hills across Africa. (wikipedia.org)
Baboons, for example, are a widespread group of monkeys, occurring through most of Africa, with one species (Hamadryas baboons) extending their range across the Red Sea into Saudi Arabia and Yemen. (michael-lawrence-wilson.com)
Baboons are among the largest non-hominoid primates and have existed for at least two million years. (wikipedia.org)
Even though baboons are among the most intensively studied nonhuman primates, no one seems to about how many different baboon species there are, and what they should be called. (michael-lawrence-wilson.com)
Arnold, 2009], and the Papio baboons as a whole are amongst the most successful African primates [Barrett and Henzi, 2008]. (karger.com)
In the informal division of primates into the three groups of prosimians, monkeys of the New World, and monkeys and apes of the Old World, the baboons are considered Old World monkeys . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Species14
Baboons vary in size and weight depending on the species. (wikipedia.org)
All baboon species exhibit pronounced sexual dimorphism, usually in size, but also sometimes in colour. (wikipedia.org)
Similarly, the distinction between species and subspecies in biology is somewhat arbitrary. (michael-lawrence-wilson.com)
Interbreeding occurs among all these different kinds of baboons where their ranges overlap, so from the point of view of the traditional biological species concept, they are different species. (michael-lawrence-wilson.com)
Moreover, as more studies are conducted of other baboons, it has become clear that each of these species (or subspecies) differs from others. (michael-lawrence-wilson.com)
There have, however, been few systematic comparisons of the environments occupied by the 6 major Papio species, and how differences in range conditions and variability might affect their evolutionary ecology remains unknown. (karger.com)
In fact, the differences between the environments occupied by adjacent troops in well-known national parks may be as large or larger than the average differences in the ranges of different species, and this may have important implications for baboon biogeography. (karger.com)
Existing synthetic studies of individual baboon species' ranges and ecological niches, however, point to a complex relationship with the environment. (karger.com)
2013] for the chacma baboon, for instance, suggested this species actually prefers cool, low-altitude habitats with moderate rainfall and may only use the marginal Drakensberg environments as a result of interactions with humans, and the study by Zinner et al. (karger.com)
In all baboon species, there is pronounced sexual dimorphism, usually in size, but also sometimes in color or canine development. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Gorillas are divided into two species and either four or five subspecies. (wildlife-animals.com)
Monkeys2
These calluses are nerveless, hairless pads of skin which provide for the sitting comfort of the baboon (and other Old World monkeys ). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
As it turns out, the source of this sound is a troop of Kilimanjaro black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza ssp. (kajhalberg.dk)
Guinea3
For example, Guinea baboons turn out to have a social system quite similar to that of Hamadryas baboons. (michael-lawrence-wilson.com)
The Chacma baboon can be 120 cm (47 inches) and weigh 40 kg (90 lb), while the biggest Guinea baboon is 50 cm (20 inches) and weighs only 14 kg (30 lb). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
All baboons have long dog-like muzzles (cynocephalus = dog-head), close-set eyes, heavy powerful jaws, thick fur except on their muzzle, a short tail, and rough spots on their rear-ends, called ischial callosities. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Weighs only 14 kg1
The smallest, the Kinda baboon, is 50 cm (20 in) in length and weighs only 14 kg (31 lb), while the largest, the chacma baboon, is up to 120 cm (47 in) in length and weighs 40 kg (88 lb). (wikipedia.org)
Captivity2
Baboons in captivity live up to 45 years, while in the wild they average between 20 and 30 years. (wikipedia.org)
Baboons in captivity have been known to live up to 45 years, while in the wild their life expectancy is about 30 years. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The Papio baboons are known for their ecological flexibility and wide geographic ranges, as well as their uncertain taxonomy. (karger.com)
Each typically leads a troop (group size ranges from 5 to 30) and is in the center of the troop's attention, making all the decisions, mediating conflicts, determining the movements of the group, leading the others to feeding sites and taking responsibility for the safety and well-being of the troop. (wildlife-animals.com)
Jolly1
The baboons' ecological flexibility and biogeographic spread makes them interesting in their own right, as well as a potential source of analogies for understanding early hominins [Jolly, 2001]. (karger.com)
Humans4
Other than humans the principal predators of baboons are leopards, lions, and spotted and striped hyenas. (wikipedia.org)
There are a number of genetic and physiological similarities between baboons and humans , including organ sizes, presence of menopause, and structures of major tissues . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Like humans, baboons respond to stress through the release of stress hormones , and these two groups have about 91 percent genetic similarity. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Nonetheless, the gulf between humans and baboons is immense, as people exhibit complex languages , complex technologies , and complex social behaviors ( religions , politics, etc.), among numerous other differences. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Exhibit1
Baboons exhibit sexual dimorphism in size, colour and/or canine teeth development. (wikipedia.org)
Leopard1
They are considered a difficult prey for the leopard, though, which is mostly a threat to young baboons. (wikipedia.org)
Types1
2001] of hamadryas habitats in Eritrea found that this taxon does indeed use more arid environments than neighbouring olive baboons, but also occupies moist coastal lowlands and makes use of a wide range of vegetation types. (karger.com)
Form1
Baboons are able to acquire orthographic processing skills, which form part of the ability to read. (wikipedia.org)
Large1
Male hamadryas baboons have large white manes. (wikipedia.org)
Social system1
Dunbar [1988], for example, suggested that the use of arid areas with low food densities might be responsible for the hamadryas baboon's unique social system, while the chacma baboon is also called the 'mountain' baboon for its use of the Drakensberg mountains [Henzi and Barrett, 2003]. (karger.com)
Mountain1
Mountain gorillas, one of three gorilla subspecies, are some of the most endangered animals today with an estimated total population of 750, mountain gorillas are living on the brink of extinction. (wildlife-animals.com)
Found1
In 2015 researchers found the oldest baboon fossil on record, dated at 2 million years old. (wikipedia.org)
Study1
Because of such traits, baboons have been used to study obesity, heart disease , epilepsy, and other human diseases . (newworldencyclopedia.org)