• In the 19th century, laws regulating drugs were more relaxed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Animal experimentation continued with Galen in the first century CE but modern animal use in research and testing dates to Claude Bernard in 19th century France[ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scan from The Mismeasure of Man , but originally from a mid-19th century work. (rationalwiki.org)
  • In its modern form it emerged in the 19th century, but has predecessors back to Antiquity. (lu.se)
  • A 2007 report by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century, proposed a strategy that is likely to replace all routine animal use in toxicology with innovative methods within one to two decades. (bepress.com)
  • After decades of biomedical research on ayahuasca's molecular compounds and their physiological effects, recent clinical trials show evidence of therapeutic potential for depression. (blossomanalysis.com)
  • Based on decades of professional clinical practices and evidenced based studies and outcomes we have developed and conduct the most comprehensive education to the widest spectrum of Healthcare Practitioners to help create and support the medical industries most sought after Cupping Practitioners available. (cuppingtherapy.org)
  • However, the events of the final two decades of the 20th century are more easily understood in an historical context. (independent.org)
  • So, with the Brazilian health reform movement during the 1980s, the formulation of the national health system, the Sistema Unico de Saúde (SUS), in the Constitution of 1988 and its deployment in the last two decades, the health system in Brazil has reached the 21st century organised around a model of health promotion 3,4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • But this portal was set aside as a 17th to 20th mechanical science (a necessary spiral turn) went on to reduce cosmos and matter to benthic particles and theories, sans nay identity or purpose. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • We further analyze the predictive value of animal models when used as test subjects for human response to drugs and disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Toxicology testing became important in the 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] It includes pure research (such as genetics , developmental biology , and behavioral studies ) as well as applied research (such as biomedical research , xenotransplantation , drug testing, and toxicology tests , including cosmetics testing ). (wmflabs.org)
  • Invitation for Wikimedia Research Office hours June 01, 2021 by Martin Gerlach Hi all, Join the Research Team at the Wikimedia Foundation [1] for their monthly Office hours on 2021-06-01 at 16:00-17:00 UTC (9am PT/6pm CEST). (wikimedia.org)
  • Galen, a 2nd-century Roman physician, performed post-mortem dissections of pigs and goats. (wikipedia.org)
  • Medawar correctly forecast the leveling off and subsequent decline in animal use in the last quarter of the 20th century - a period of remarkable innovation in the life sciences. (bepress.com)
  • Their foundations had been established in late nineteenth century and they became a standard laboratory practice in the twentieth century. (ed.ac.uk)
  • However, currently there are no established 3D assay standards or best practice, as a result different laboratories are using different methods and reagents to perform 3D experiments, including thousands of drug screening studies in tumour spheroid assays. (ed.ac.uk)
  • We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, and public health as well as from specialists in economics, demography, sociology, and other disciplines whose study elucidates the factors influencing the emergence of infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Regulatory practice feeds into the organisation of research, for instance, infrastructures for bone marrow transplantation are used to articulate the novel use of stem cells in heart repair as regulated practice. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • In the German case, this is set within more crystallised structures of regulated research practice. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Throughout the 20th century the 'professional students of education' have militated for child-centered discovery learning, and against systematic practice and teacher-directed instruction. (independent.org)
  • To take responsibility for the health of the population, territorial teams must broaden the curative-preventive practice of the traditional biomedical model, seeking to promote quality of life. (bvsalud.org)
  • Currently, although the Ministry of Health in Argentina encourages research and awareness campaigns for the recognition of ancestral knowledge and traditional and complementary medicine, in practice, it achieves limited objectives. (bvsalud.org)
  • Avenzoar, a 12th-century Arabic physician in Moorish Spain introduced an experimental method of testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2022, a law was passed in the United States that eliminated the FDA requirement that all drugs be tested on animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • This commentary (2022) questions the epistemic authority of western science and medicine in over 30 years of research on ayahuasca . (blossomanalysis.com)
  • gloknos is initially funded for 5 years by the European Research Council through a Consolidator Grant awarded to Dr Inanna Hamati-Ataya for her project ARTEFACT (2017-2022). (cam.ac.uk)
  • Animal testing , also known as animal experimentation , animal research , and in vivo testing , is the use of non-human animals in experiments (although some research about animals involves only natural behaviors or pure observation, such as a mouse running a maze or field studies of chimp troops ). (wmflabs.org)
  • His research involves both field data collection and geochemical/isotope laboratory analyses. (udayton.edu)
  • The study of lipid biology is undergoing a remarkable, technology-driven transformation that most notably involves mass spectrometry (MS) and its ancillary techniques, such as liquid chromatography (LC) and ionization sources. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • The systematic review method involves taking all the relevant studies in a field of interest and synthesising their findings in order to produce a definitive answer. (safermedicines.org)
  • Cupping Therapy is a form of alternative therapy that has been around for centuries and involves the application of specialized cups to areas of the body in order to stimulate healing. (cuppingtherapy.org)
  • With the release of the landmark report Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, in 2007, precipitated a major change in the way toxicity testing is conducted. (bepress.com)
  • A general strategy for animal-free test approaches was outlined by the US National Research Council's vision document for Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century in 2007. (bepress.com)
  • This central chapter will portray the genomic basis of a 21st century animate revolution by sorting into 2000, 2010, and 2020 phases. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • Here we integrate psychophysics, clinical research, and biological approaches, aiming to gain a coherent understanding of how we might ultimately improve outcomes in patients. (aro.org)
  • Citations to articles in the life sciences and biomedical research covering pre-clinical and experimental research, methods and instrumentation, animal studies, and more. (libguides.com)
  • Hence, accurate measurement and precise modulation of the brain activity in a diverse array of everyday tasks is an urgent and needed capability to move neuroengineering and neuroscience to the next level: that is to enable practical clinical and translational research that will form the basis of an entirely new industry of neurotechnologies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dr. El-Sadr is a prominent researcher and has led numerous epidemiological, clinical, behavioral, and implementation science research studies that have furthered the understanding of the prevention and management of HIV, TB, and non-communicable diseases. (columbia.edu)
  • Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. (wikipedia.org)
  • The terms animal testing, animal experimentation, animal research, in vivo testing, and vivisection have similar denotations but different connotations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The question of how animal studies should be designed, conducted, and analyzed remains underexposed in societal debates on animal experimentation. (bepress.com)
  • However, in other fields as well, traditional animal experimentation does not always satisfy requirements in safety testing, as the need for human-relevant information is ever increasing. (bepress.com)
  • We conclude that the requirements for animal testing found in the Nuremberg Code were based on scientifically outdated principles, compromised by people with a vested interest in animal experimentation, serve no useful function, increase the cost of drug development, and prevent otherwise safe and efficacious drugs and therapies from being implemented. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ARTEFACT is funded by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation (ERC grant agreement no. 724451). (cam.ac.uk)
  • The classical laboratory inbred mouse strains derive from a small, ancestral population of wild mice that were selectively bred for traits of interest by mouse fanciers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. (jax.org)
  • Using ethnographic methods, this project analysed the ways in which practices of public governance influences the conduct of stem cell research in both everyday laboratory activity and the configuration of stem cell research as a scientific field. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • b Arbovirus Surveillance and Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Australia. (who.int)
  • The Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin conducts research into how new categories of thinking, of proving and experiencing have developed during the centuries-long interaction between the sciences and the cultures in which they are embedded. (mpg.de)
  • Karafyllis sees the chance to integrate not only the construction as a classical way of producing artifacts, but also provocation as a method of producing biofacts into a theory of the technical sciences. (zxc.wiki)
  • A full-text collection of highly cited primary research journals in the biomedical, physical and life sciences. (wits.ac.za)
  • 27 In Canada, the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, a everyday Konzentrationsmessungen of existing chain through its Help to Scholarly Publications Program( ASPP), extends that any sculptures building impact must create six- submitted, either by the demanding end or by the ASPP itself. (literary-liaisons.com)
  • Engendering public engagement with biotechnological, stem cell and regenerative medicine research, my work engages with the impact of these life sciences on human identity, culture and society. (kathleenrogers.co.uk)
  • In a recent paper published in the journal Nature Methods, MISpheroID investigators, including Prof Neil Carragher and Dr John Dawson from Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, describe development of MISpheroID: a knowledgebase and transparency tool for minimum information in spheroid identity . (ed.ac.uk)
  • The result of a collaboration between The Global War Against the Rat and the Epistemic Emergence of Zoonosis Wellcome-funded project (University of St Andrews), the ERC-funded project The Global as Artefact and the Centre for Global Knowledge Studies ( gloknos, University of Cambridge), the workshop will take place in hybrid (in person and online) form, with the in-person event being based at Cambridge. (cam.ac.uk)
  • The site-specific research was produced in association with Professor Richard OC Oreffo and the Bone and Joint Research Group at the Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine. (kathleenrogers.co.uk)
  • Senior Scientist and Canada Research Chair, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network. (lu.se)
  • The failure to remedy these deficiencies in school subject matter and teaching methods neglects students chances to gain invaluable knowledge. (independent.org)
  • Ayahuasca has long been used by indigenous peoples in countries like Brazil, Peru and Colombia, and the researchers propose new approaches to maintain epistemically fair research and ensure these peoples traditional knowledge and biocultural heritage is maintained. (blossomanalysis.com)
  • Through these office hours, we aim to make ourselves more available to answer some of the research related questions that you as Wikimedia volunteer editors, organizers, affiliates, staff, and researchers face in your projects and initiatives. (wikimedia.org)
  • There is good evidence that only a few animal researchers are aware of the many ways in which their experiments can be biased (Reichlin et al 2016) and that only a few researchers take steps to minimise the possibility of these biases (Kilkenny et al 2009). (safermedicines.org)
  • This research included carrying out a survey amongst stem cell researchers in Germany and German stem cell researchers abroad concerning their perception of the status of German stem cell research and their working conditions. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • In the first century BCE, researchers dissected the optic nerve in living animals, vivisected a pig while it was swallowing colored water in order to evaluate the action, and observed intact beating hearts[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 2016, the UK government's chief scientific advisor suggested that the time had come to evaluate the human benefits of animal research. (safermedicines.org)
  • To this end, comparative studies, which transcend eras and regions, investigate the historical circumstances under which scientific culture and science emerged as one culture. (mpg.de)
  • Wilko Graf von Hardenberg, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin, studies the ways in which our relationship to iconic mammals has changed over the centuries. (mpg.de)
  • Our research has received £258,000 from the Economic and Social Research Council as part of its Social Science Stem Cell Initiative. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • It investigated how the infrastructure of stem cell science, its research questions, its objects and routines are shaped by national and international legal regulation, ethical discourses, science policies and professional backgrounds. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • How do practices of public governance influence research questions and practices in stem cell science? (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Most recently an overview of the status of UK stem cell science as part of a comparative research report on 'Stem Cells and Embryo Protection' for the Austrian government. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • I am an Assistant Professor of Biomedical Data Science and, by courtesy, of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at Stanford University. (stanford.edu)
  • My research engages with contemporary debates in biotechnology and stem cell research and I have developed numerous works through art and science collaboration that contribute to public critical understanding and discussion of these domains. (kathleenrogers.co.uk)
  • The research residency enabled close observation and artistic reflection on the science of osteo-specific differentiation, function and signaling pathways in stem cell populations. (kathleenrogers.co.uk)
  • We review the history of these requirements and contrast what was known via science about animal models then with what is known now. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here is a new initiative focusing on basic science and technology that will suck up existing resources that, in turn, will not be available for the translational or applied research that can produce results that will benefit me and my patients in the very near future. (medscape.com)
  • f Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua, New Zealand. (who.int)
  • It envisions increased efficiency in toxicity testing and decreased animal usage by transitioning from current expensive and lengthy in vivo testing with qualitative endpoints to in vitro toxicity pathway assays on human cells or cell lines using robotic high-throughput screening with mechanistic quantitative parameters. (bepress.com)
  • We explore the use of animals for models in toxicity testing as an example of the problem with using animal models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The regulatory requirements for the safety assessment of herbal medicines include reference to safety data in documented scientific research on similar products and toxicity studies. (bvsalud.org)
  • Scientists who issue this type of news release are able to hold out the promise of animal research without actually having to deliver anything at the time. (safermedicines.org)
  • Radiation from Medical Procedures in the Pathogenesis of Cancer and Ischemic Heart Disease" (Gofman 1999) is a massive dose-response study which began extensive circulation for peer-review among scientists in epidemiology, cancer etiology, IHD etiology, and health physics, immediately after its publication in November 1999. (ratical.org)
  • An index of articles from international and South African architectural journals to enable users to access information on architects, buildings, building materials and methods, design theory, urban design and more. (wits.ac.za)
  • Animal models especially invertebrates (e.g., fruit flies, nematodes, and earthworms are inexpensive, require less ethical concerns, and are therefore noncontroversial) are crucial to understanding mechanisms that underlie biological processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Every animal group and system is being scrutinized revealing levels of biological organization from developmental/functional molecules to organs to systems to organisms. (hindawi.com)
  • Instead, the whole earthworm or some of its products has been analyzed in credible experimental research related to biological function in mammals that still require further refinement. (hindawi.com)
  • The Division for Art History and Visual Studies at Lund University conducts research about older, modern and contemporary art, from historical, social and aesthetic angles of approach. (lu.se)
  • In 2013 it was reported that mammals (mice and rats), fish, amphibians, and reptiles together accounted for over 85% of research animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability of humans to change the genetics of animals took an enormous step forward in 1974 when Rudolf Jaenisch could produce the first transgenic mammal, by integrating DNA from simians into the genome of mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, we contend that wild mice present an untapped opportunity for developing new mouse models of human disease and advancing new biomedical discoveries. (jax.org)
  • With the broad goal of elevating the profile of wild mice in biomedical research, my group is pursuing population genomic investigations in wild mice to understand the natural evolutionary forces that shape variation in wild mouse populations. (jax.org)
  • Unfortunately, as it often happens with novel technologies, different laboratories frequently use different approaches and there is no consensus or evaluation of minimum information criteria appropriate for spheroid research. (ed.ac.uk)
  • It examines the concepts of religion and the sacred, approaches to the study of religion, ubiquitous features of religious experience, including symbol, myth, ritual, and community, understandings of the human condition in diverse religious traditions, and ways religious communities address challenges of pluralism and secularization. (oregonstate.edu)
  • We need new technologies and novel approaches to study and understand the brain in the wild. (frontiersin.org)
  • Existing studies with traditional approaches have accumulated overwhelming knowledge but are limited in scope, i.e., only in artificial lab settings and with simplified tasks. (frontiersin.org)
  • By utilizing combined approaches, hybrid methods, and domain expertise/knowledgebase, to investigate uncharted scientific territories, neuroergonomics is posed to contribute to each of these fields. (frontiersin.org)
  • In 1969, Nobel Prize-winning scientist Peter Medawar predicted that scientific innovation would someday fully replace the use of animals in biomedical research. (bepress.com)
  • The seminar is open to students and staff at Lund University and Region Skåne as well as other interested in excellent research. (lu.se)
  • While most experiments in the 20th century were 2D-based (in 2D cultures cells are grown on a flat surface, such as the bottom of a petri dish or flask), the end of twentieth century and early twenty‐first century brought the progress in 3D cell culture technology and created the possibility of the tissue engineering and the regenerative medicine development. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments, and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to the industry. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the exploration of the Amazon in the 19th and 20th centuries, ayahuasca became the central sacrament of syncretic Brazilian religions. (blossomanalysis.com)
  • It was estimated in 2010 that the annual use of vertebrate animals-from zebrafish to non-human primates-ranges from tens to over 100 million. (wikipedia.org)
  • Worldwide it is estimated that the number of vertebrate animals-from zebrafish to non-human primates -ranges from the tens of millions to more than 100 million used annually. (wmflabs.org)
  • Prior to medical school she worked in Will Talbot's lab studying early pattern formation in zebrafish. (stanford.edu)
  • In this article, we focus on one particular method to address this moral question, namely systematic reviews of previously performed animal experiments. (bepress.com)
  • There have been very few reliable, systematic evaluations of the human relevance of animal research (Pound et al 2004). (safermedicines.org)
  • However, relatively few systematic reviews of animal studies have been conducted and it is rare for them to explore issues relating to human relevance. (safermedicines.org)
  • An exception is provided by Perel and colleagues (2007), who conducted systematic reviews of animal studies for six different conditions and compared them with systematic reviews of human studies for the same six conditions. (safermedicines.org)
  • Another systematic review found that only a third of animal study findings agreed with the findings of the corresponding human randomised trials (Hackam and Redelmeier 2006). (safermedicines.org)
  • A systematic review of fast food access studies. (blogspot.com)
  • Early 20th century - Present. (libguides.com)
  • have you early you would reset to be these dealerships from your download research progress? (mooreamusicpele.com)
  • In the current study, 800 miRNA were profiled for EVs from maternal plasma collected in early (median: 12.5 weeks) and late (median: 31.8 weeks) pregnancy from 156 participants in the MADRES Study, a health disparity pregnancy cohort. (bvsalud.org)
  • Literally, "vivisection" means "live sectioning" of an animal, and historically referred only to experiments that involved the dissection of live animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aristotle and Erasistratus were among the first to perform experiments on living animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • After all, if animal experiments are not appropriately designed, conducted, and analyzed, the results produced are unlikely to be reliable and the animals have in effect been wasted. (bepress.com)
  • The MISpheroID online resource establishes a thorough and searchable knowledgebase of spheroid experiments that will grow through continued engagement from the research community. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The authors define improved standards for reporting (including MISpheroID string, a minimum set of experimental parameters required to report spheroid research) and invite the community to upload spheroid experiments into the database. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Since March 2013, animal use for cosmetics testing for the European market has been banned. (bepress.com)
  • The earliest references to animal testing are found in the writings of the Greeks in the 2nd and 4th centuries BCE. (wikipedia.org)
  • Part 8 -- Doctors and Sick People Stay Together * Part 9 -- People Live Long Enough to Die of Cancer * Part 10 -- "Ecologic" Studies Are Inherently Weak * Part 11 -- Natural Radiation Exceeds X-Rays in Dose * Part 12 -- Conclusion: Biologically Consistent Picture * Note 1 and References ------------------------------------------------------------------ Part 1 * What Are the Conclusions Under Review? (ratical.org)
  • Earthworms as inexpensive, noncontroversial animal models (without ethical concerns) are not vectors of disease do not harbor parasites that threaten humans nor are they annoying pests. (hindawi.com)
  • But animal research must lead to cures for humans? (safermedicines.org)
  • In the field of spinal cord injury, none of the 22 drugs that worked in animals turned out to work in humans (Geerts 2009). (safermedicines.org)
  • Every approach to treating sepsis that was successful in animals has failed in humans (Leist and Hartung 2013). (safermedicines.org)
  • It is unlikely that anyone would follow up the study in twenty years' time to see whether it did actually produce any benefits for humans. (safermedicines.org)
  • They found that of 101 research papers that clearly stated a promising finding, some twenty year later only one had led to a treatment that was subsequently used extensively in humans (Contopoulos-Ioannidis et al 2003). (safermedicines.org)
  • The requirement that animals be used in research and testing in order to protect humans was formalized in the Nuremberg Code and subsequent national and international laws, codes, and declarations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using animals to learn more about life in general and humans in particular dates back to ancient times. (biomedcentral.com)
  • never happens in humans, nor in other animals, for a very simple reason: if nothing else, space exerts a passive restraint on who mates with whom" [8] (for example imagine a man and a woman living 1000 miles apart), but there are also equally important cultural barriers that prevent random mating. (rationalwiki.org)
  • Animals have repeatedly been used throughout the history of biomedical research. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study demonstrates the value of legacy literature and historic collections as a source of data on environmental history. (peerj.com)
  • Therapists train with the International Cupping Therapy Association to learn about this amazingly effective therapy to include history, theory, methods, equipment, treatments, safety and contraindications to treat their clients and achieve effects that are profound, cumulative and long lasting. (cuppingtherapy.org)
  • "A Brief History of American K-12 Mathematics Education in the 20th Century," by David Klein. (independent.org)
  • Art History itself, however, is a deeply humanistic discipline, as a study of that which is human. (lu.se)
  • In Lund, as internationally, the growing link between Art History and Visual Studies has made the research less disciplinary isolated, while the awareness of the disciplinary identity has been strengthened. (lu.se)
  • This genetic research progressed rapidly and, in 1996, Dolly the sheep was born, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The simplified and known genetic background of captive mouse populations such as the Collaborative Cross, BXD recombinant inbred strain panel, the Diversity Outbred population, and collections of diverse inbred strains render them uniquely powerful resources for studying the mechanisms of short-term genome evolution and genomic inheritance. (jax.org)
  • My PhD work combined phylogenetic, cytogenetic, and quantitative methods to address the genetic and evolutionary causes of species differences in recombination rate. (jax.org)
  • Population genetic studies dating back to the mid-20th century first proposed that erythrocytes (red blood cells), the host cell for P. falciparum, have been under natural selection due to malaria. (stanford.edu)
  • Although the notion that malaria has helped shape the human genome is well- accepted, the lack of a nucleus in human erythrocytes has hindered our ability to study genetic interactions between these unusual host cells and P. falciparum parasites. (stanford.edu)
  • Human and animal cell culture techniques - growing human or animal cells under controlled conditions outside their natural environment - represent one of key technologies used in modern biomedical research. (ed.ac.uk)
  • The understanding that knowledge of human brain functioning is essential and critical for advancing the study and human-systems at work and in everyday life led to the emergence of neuroergonomics as a separate scientific discipline. (frontiersin.org)
  • Her research is focused on understanding how host factors from the human erythrocyte influence the biology and pathogenesis of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (stanford.edu)
  • Surely there is evidence that animal research is useful for human medicine? (safermedicines.org)
  • They found that the animal and human studies agreed in three cases and disagreed in three cases. (safermedicines.org)
  • They concluded that the lack of agreement may have been due to either the inability of animal models to accurately mimic human diseases, or to the poor quality of the animal studies. (safermedicines.org)
  • All but one of the experimental treatments that improved motor neurone disease in animals failed in human trials, and the benefits of the one successful treatment, in terms of extended survival, are considered negligible (Perrin 2014). (safermedicines.org)
  • Different regimes of governing research on human embryos have been established since 1990. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Cosmopolitical Futures, The Anthropocenic Human series reflects my long time interest and research in foundational studies in theories of quantum physics and the nature of nature and the properties of living matter. (kathleenrogers.co.uk)
  • The notion that testing chemicals on animals could be predictive of human responses and therefore should be legally mandated dates back to the 1930s, when the sulfa drugs were being introduced for infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is President Obama's human B RAI N Initiative (Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies). (medscape.com)
  • In the European Union, vertebrate species represent 93% of animals used in research, and 11.5 million animals were used there in 2011. (wikipedia.org)
  • Darwin comprehensively studied earthworms and became fascinated by the ability of one species Lumbricus terrestris to pull soil litter directly into their vertical burrows. (hindawi.com)
  • Its distinctiveness makes it particularly suited to a study using historic literature, because there is less concern that published accounts refer to other species as a result of misidentification. (peerj.com)
  • The objective of this study was to survey for known and other potential arboviral zoonoses in multiple bird species at four locations in New Zealand. (who.int)
  • My research aims to understand the causes and consequences of variation in the mechanisms that govern DNA inheritance: chromosome segregation, recombination, and de novo mutation. (jax.org)
  • The Division aims to let its research influence its courses and teaching. (lu.se)
  • disease-causing agents that rapidly increase in host range, geographic range or prevalence) are a well-recognized threat to public health globally, 1 and the rate of disease emergence has risen since the middle of the 20th century. (who.int)
  • These facilitate embryonic stem cell research in the UK and largely restrict it in Germany. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Consequently, the UK has invested substantially in embryonic stem cell research while Germany has strongly supported research using adult stem cells. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Exploring the different ways people might come to experience regenerative medicine, the work also reflects on how visual arts led research can improve public understanding of stem cell research. (kathleenrogers.co.uk)
  • In addition, there is the possibility of individual doctoral research. (mpg.de)
  • Zach Parolin is a post-doctoral research scientist at the Center on Poverty & Social Policy at Columbia University. (columbia.edu)
  • For centuries, their lives were under threat: Europeans considered bears, wolves and ibexes either as a threat, a food source or trophies, and hunted them to extinction. (mpg.de)
  • Her research examines people's perceptions of uncertain threats (e.g. climate change) and people's intentions to engage in behaviors (e.g. sustainable behaviors) that minimize threat. (udayton.edu)
  • Neuroergonomics, as a field of research, has emerged at the very end of the 20th century with the aim to "study the brain at work and in everyday life. (frontiersin.org)
  • most animals are purpose-bred, while a minority are caught in the wild or supplied by dealers who obtain them from auctions and pounds . (wmflabs.org)
  • He also is interested in studying Earth's past climate from terrestrial sedimentary deposits and its perspectives on climate change. (udayton.edu)
  • Has been publishing research related to sustainability for the past decade, ranging from topics of fossil fuel availability and how this impacts climate change scenarios, to building energy efficiency scenarios and the integration of fluctuating renewable energy resources into existing power systems. (udayton.edu)
  • On the moral side, his research in virtue ethics deals, in part, with a kind of cultural moral myopia that prevents us from seeing and attending to the urgency of climate change and its fallout. (udayton.edu)
  • Gradually fostering an approach to potential beneficial healing properties, there are renewed efforts through bioprospecting and evidence-based research to understand by means of rigorous investigations the mechanisms of action whether earthworms are used as food and/or as sources of potential medicinal products. (hindawi.com)
  • In the UK case legitimacy has been negotiated through the alignment of regulatory mechanisms and emergent research activities. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Biologicals were extensively used in many parts of Africa from the sixteenth century AD, most of the time in the form of poisoned arrows, or powder spread on the war front as well as poisoning of horses and water supply of the enemy forces. (wikipedia.org)
  • This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments or habitats. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term also enables a critical examination of the research field of technoscience , in which a fusion of the limits of knowledge and technical making is postulated. (zxc.wiki)
  • Greater investment inflows and a surge of activity, especially in the field of drug and biomarker discovery, is fuelling the growth of global lipid analysis - lipidomics - making it a standard research tool in academic, pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • Besides, although some private institutes (not universities) are really very good, in quality terms they are self -regulated, and the State does not usually participate in the optimization of the study plans of this field. (bvsalud.org)
  • This picture has, however, been challenged by recent studies, ranging from historical research on the role of plantations in shaping capitalist inequalities, to sociological examinations of the intersections between rural zoonotic diseases and nation-building projects, to ethnographic descriptions of emerging infectious disease 'hot zones' at the border between rural zones and 'wild' spaces. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Because lipids are present in all living organisms, other areas of applications such as plant, microbial and nutritional research could also benefit from improvements in lipid analysis and a better understanding of lipid metabolism. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • We are also actively involved in the development of new strain and genomic resources derived from wild-caught animals. (jax.org)
  • This study is an effort to document extensively and systematically the ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal knowledge in the four districts (Puri, Cuttack, Bhadrak, and Mayurbhanj) of Odisha in Eastern India. (kiit.ac.in)