• Analytical studies seek to establish relationships and associations between two or more phenomena (called variables in the analysis process), and descriptive studies are only about the detailed and organized description of one or more phenomena, the quality of data required for study in addition to the systematization and standardization of the collection methods, also the strategy adopted to obtain them, which is called the design or, more correctly, the study design. (bvsalud.org)
  • The methods used to assess the conditions have changed during the pandemic as the amount of literature and types of studies increased. (cdc.gov)
  • A study of the impact of health education methods used in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS among a cross-section of the sexuality active population in Lusaka Urban / Mary Kaumwa Mulwila, Josephine Muvuma Himoonga, Esnart Shakulipa Namakando. (who.int)
  • a retrospective cross-sectional study that analyzed electronic medical records of 401 children. (bvs.br)
  • A retrospective analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital and training institution in Baguio City, the Philippines from March 2020 to March 2021. (who.int)
  • A retrospective study reported that patient age, white blood cell count, and laterality are key factors distinguishing testicular torsion from acute scrotum. (medscape.com)
  • Sex Differences in Poststroke Cognitive Impairment: A Multicenter Study in 2343 Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke. (medscape.com)
  • Most case-control studies collect specifically designed data on all participants, including data fields designed to allow the hypothesis of interest to be tested. (wikipedia.org)
  • Participants included all subjects from the baseline phase of the RaNCD study (n = 10,047). (nature.com)
  • The Tehranian women were selected randomly from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and the Ghazvinian females from patients who came to public health centers. (nih.gov)
  • This cross-sectional study involved 412 participants aged 18 to 46 at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi. (hindawi.com)
  • Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. (hindawi.com)
  • These study participants were provided with appropriate personal protective equipment to deliver healthcare to patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and were involved in aerosol generating procedures. (bmj.com)
  • Results The average age of study participants was 35.8 years and 68.1% (286/420) were women. (bmj.com)
  • All 420 study participants had direct contact with patients with covid-19 and performed at least one aerosol generating procedure. (bmj.com)
  • During the deployment period in Wuhan, none of the study participants reported covid-19 related symptoms. (bmj.com)
  • Despite being at high risk of exposure, study participants were appropriately protected and did not contract infection or develop protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. (bmj.com)
  • For this study, the participants were interviewed, and their responses were recorded on a questionnaire capturing information on demographics, COVID-19 status, duration of symptoms and long COVID symptoms. (medrxiv.org)
  • Setting and participants US-based studies identified in a search of ClinicalTrials.gov with depression as the condition, enrolling ages 18 and older, and completed between 1 January 2008 and 1 May 2019. (bmj.com)
  • We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH) in areas of rural Alabama, USA, that have sanitation deficits. (cdc.gov)
  • This study aimed to determine the prevalence of antibiotic therapy in patients with COVID-19 infection and explore the association of antibiotic prescribing with patients' demographics and clinical characteristics. (who.int)
  • a comparative cross-sectional study of 150 axial spondyloarthritis and 150 orthopedic back pain patients. (iasp-pain.org)
  • Burden of disease and impact on quality of life in chronic back pain - a comparative cross-sectional study of 150 axial spondyloarthritis and 150 orthopedic back pain patients. (iasp-pain.org)
  • A comparative cross-sectional study among 790 randomly selected new cases of TB (395 each treated with 4RH and 6EH during the continuation phase) was conducted in nine health centers and one hospital in three zones in southwestern Ethiopia. (msh.org)
  • The main objective of this study was to assess determinants of the acceptance of the Internet use for provision of chosen health care services remaining in the scope of current nationwide eHealth initiative in Poland. (springer.com)
  • Therefore, the objective of this cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity among the Yi nationality in an autonomous prefecture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With regard to prevalent diseases, a cohort study conducted in Sweden, with the objective of assessing the association between breastfeeding and hospitalizations for infectious diseases in children up to four years of age, revealed that the risk of hospitalizations for infectious diseases decreased with EBF duration. (bvs.br)
  • Cross-sectional studies are descriptive studies (neither longitudinal nor experimental). (wikipedia.org)
  • Longitudinal studies differ from both in making a series of observations more than once on members of the study population over a period of time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of adipose cell number and size. (jci.org)
  • 4-yr, longitudinal, follow-up studies were also performed in 132 subjects. (jci.org)
  • To determine the influence o f b ody mass index (BMI) on cognition in euthymic bipolar patients and healthy matched controls in a post hoc study of 2 cross-sectional and longitudinal exploratory studies. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Longitudinal Assessment of Sleep Apnea in the Year After Stroke in a Population-Based Study. (medscape.com)
  • In medical research, social science, and biology, a cross-sectional study (also known as a cross-sectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study) is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time-that is, cross-sectional data. (wikipedia.org)
  • In medical research, cross-sectional studies differ from case-control studies in that they aim to provide data on the entire population under study, whereas case-control studies typically include only individuals who have developed a specific condition and compare them with a matched sample, often a tiny minority, of the rest of the population. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, in modern epidemiology it may be impossible to survey the entire population of interest, so cross-sectional studies often involve secondary analysis of data collected for another purpose. (wikipedia.org)
  • Risk adjustment systems may enable population stratification programmes to be developed and become instrumental in implementing new models of care.The objectives of this study are to evaluate the capability of ACG-PM, DCG-HCC and CRG-based models to predict healthcare costs and identify patients that will be high consumers and to analyse changes to predictive capacity when socio-economic variables are added. (nih.gov)
  • A healthy diet was associated with a decrease in DMFT score in the studied population. (nature.com)
  • The study aimed to analyze impacts of long COVID on the general health and psychosocial well-being of the Pakistani population. (medrxiv.org)
  • Several studies have shown that the prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing to epidemic proportions at an alarming rate in the Chinese population [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Increasingly more people with HF are living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), but only a few small-scale studies have focused on social support in this population. (diva-portal.org)
  • These characteristics make cross-sectional studies particularly useful for studying the prevalence a of a particular phenomenon, whether it is assumed to be the cause or the consequence, or both, in a defined population. (bvsalud.org)
  • Examples of cross-sectional studies, probably one of the most popular, are population censuses (demographic), systematically carried out by many countries in order to identify characteristics of their populations at a given time, analyze their evolution over time, and to establish some relationships between these features that deserve to be analyzed 3,4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Considering common risk approach, dentistry should work together with health promotion for the studied population of workers in order to meet the oral treatment needs and prevent new tooth losses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Studies have shown that COVID-19 does not affect all population groups equally. (cdc.gov)
  • East-West Center, Population and Health Studies. (who.int)
  • RESULTS: Sixteen percent (n=440 742) of the study population was multimorbid. (lu.se)
  • This study is aimed to assess the prevalence of burnout and its association with work productivity among academic staff. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we aimed to assess and compare burden of disease, functional capacity, quality of life and depressive symptoms in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients with orthopedic chronic back pain patients (OBP). (iasp-pain.org)
  • OBJECTIVES To assess respiratory morbidity over several cross sectional phases in the European carbon black manufacturing industry. (bmj.com)
  • The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life of Chinese urologists and analyse its potential affecting factors. (hkmj.org)
  • The study indicated that the WHOQOL-BREF may be a reliable and valid tool to assess quality of life of Chinese urologists. (hkmj.org)
  • The aim of this study was to assess the QOL of Chinese urologists from a nationwide survey 10 to explore the possible influencing factors of QOL, and to generate public attention on the issue of QOL of the current medical community. (hkmj.org)
  • Further studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes and factors influencing surgical outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, cross-sectional studies are very useful in descriptive studies when used in studies that are proposed to be analytical, the results must be interpreted by researchers with good experience in that specific field of knowledge, using a lot of caution and common sense. (bvsalud.org)
  • Primary study outcomes were measurement of daily steps (over 14 consecutive days, using an activity monitor), assessment of activity time by activity intensity (using metabolic equivalents [METs]), and evaluation of correlation between PA and patient characteristics. (dovepress.com)
  • We examined characteristics of the transparent reporting of depression treatment studies registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. (bmj.com)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics, surgical outcomes and factors influencing surgical outcomes of women presenting with obstetric fistulas at a Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia . (bvsalud.org)
  • This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 using data from the baseline phase of the Ravansar non-communicable disease (RaNCD) cohort study in Ravansar, Kermanshah province, western Iran. (nature.com)
  • The detailed methodology and design of the RaNCD study has been published in 2019 15 . (nature.com)
  • Design Cross sectional, quantitative survey, part interview and part self completion, administered in respondents' homes. (who.int)
  • Aims: To study the incidence of epilepsy and cognitive impairment following TBI and correlate the findings with radiological abnormalities. (who.int)
  • Method: The study was conducted on 50 consecutive patients with TBI based on the assessment of clinical history for epilepsy and MMSE for cognitive impairment. (who.int)
  • We performed a secondary analysis of data from the baseline survey of the Good Schools Study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Operationalizing essential services : package delivery in the public sector in Dhaka City : baseline findings from a cross-sectional study / Shamsuddin Alamgir, Subrata Routh, Masud Reza. (who.int)
  • The majority of evidence from LMICs consists of small-scale qualitative studies by the United Nations and non-governmental organisations [ 5 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beyond the pure description of phenomena, cross-sectional design is also useful in studies that investigate causal and effect relationships, which seek, at least preliminarily, to analyze the relationships between risk factors, determinants and what are supposed to be their consequences or effects (outcomes), such as diseases, sequelae and damages or even advantages (protection) of any kind. (bvsalud.org)
  • Studies have examined the presence of green spaces, including open-space parks, tree cover, and vegetation and their association with health outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Some studies indicate that proximity to green spaces is linked to a lower risk of HBP, improved diabetes outcomes, and reduced obesity (4-8). (cdc.gov)
  • In health the most frequent researches are done in the form of observational studies. (bvsalud.org)
  • In observational studies normally four types of study design are used: case series studies, cross-section studies, case-control studies and cohort studies. (bvsalud.org)
  • These studies, even if purely observational and descriptive, are very useful in the field of Public Health. (bvsalud.org)
  • In economics, cross-sectional studies typically involve the use of cross-sectional regression, in order to sort out the existence and magnitude of causal effects of one independent variable upon a dependent variable of interest at a given point in time. (wikipedia.org)
  • The approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China. (hkmj.org)
  • In a cross-sectional survey, a specific group is looked at to see if an activity, say alcohol consumption, is related to the health effect being investigated, say cirrhosis of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cross-sectional survey. (hkmj.org)
  • This cross-sectional survey was conducted in a company in the state of São Paulo. (bvsalud.org)
  • A natural progression has been suggested from cheap cross-sectional studies of routinely collected data which suggest hypotheses, to case-control studies testing them more specifically, then to cohort studies and trials which cost much more and take much longer, but may give stronger evidence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Data were extracted regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria, publications related to the study and specification of hypotheses. (bmj.com)
  • Compared with studies without results, studies with any results were more likely to have hypotheses, include drug treatment conditions, and to have publications related to the study. (bmj.com)
  • The aim of cross-sectional studies is to obtain reliable data that make possible to generate, robust conclusions, and create new hypotheses that can be investigated with new research. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this cross-sectional study, data from the Ravansar non-communicable diseases cohort study were analyzed. (nature.com)
  • This is a major advantage over other forms of epidemiological study. (wikipedia.org)
  • The RaNCD study is part of a Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN), which has been started by enrolling 10,047 adults aged 35-65 since 2014. (nature.com)
  • A cross-sectional study, including 1255 subjects aged 20-75 years, was carried out in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan province from 2007 to 2008. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objectives To describe how the methodological quality of primary studies is assessed in systematic reviews and whether the quality assessment is taken into account in the interpretation of results. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions Cochrane reviews fared better than systematic reviews published in paper based journals in terms of assessment of methodological quality of primary studies, although they both largely failed to take it into account in the interpretation of results. (bmj.com)
  • 1 - 3 A recent review showed that lack of adherence to a priori defined validity criteria may help explain why primary studies on the same topic provide different results. (bmj.com)
  • 4 He reported that most of the respiratory morbidity studies have either methodological shortcomings or lack the necessary detail for confident interpretation of the results. (bmj.com)
  • This paper describes the results of the cross sectional analyses of phases 2 and 3 of the respiratory health study of European carbon black workers. (bmj.com)
  • Results 725 studies involving 156 634 patients met inclusion criteria. (bmj.com)
  • 416 (57.4%) of the studies posted some results. (bmj.com)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Cross-sectional studies. (who.int)
  • Results: The incidence of epilepsy after TBI was found to be 40% in our study. (who.int)
  • Application and results of whole-body autoradiography in distribution studies of organic solvents. (cdc.gov)
  • Cross-sectional studies can contain individual-level data (one record per individual, for example, in national health surveys). (wikipedia.org)
  • The authors recommended a validation study for the purported health benefits of blood type diets. (hindawi.com)
  • 6 ] conducted the first study to examine the association between blood type diets and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health in experimental and control groups. (hindawi.com)
  • Previous studies revealed that during epidemic periods of infectious diseases, many medical staff, especially those who served on the front line, were prone to mental health problems. (medscimonit.com)
  • In this type of scientific research the researchers do not interfere with the phenomena under study, only observe in a systematic and standardized manner, collecting and recording information, data or materials that spontaneously occur at a particular time of the health-disease process, or along its natural evolution, and then proceed with its description and/or analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this type of scientific investigation researchers do not interfere in the phenomena under study, they only observe them in a systematic and standardized way, collecting and registering information, data or materials (such as blood, biopsies and other examples) that occur spontaneously at a given moment in the health-disease process, or during its natural evolution, and then proceed to its description and/or analysis 1 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Few studies were found to report oral health conditions in economically active adults. (bvsalud.org)
  • Success rate for fistula repair was 83%at 2 weeks post-operative.Study findings were inadequate to show a significant association between successful repair and factors in the model. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study was conducted to investigate the association between decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and nutritional status measured by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), in Iranian adults. (nature.com)
  • Cross-sectional studies involve data collected at a defined time. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cross-sectional data cannot be used to infer causality because temporality is not known. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cross-sectional studies may involve special data collection, including questions about the past, but they often rely on data originally collected for other purposes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of routinely collected data allows large cross-sectional studies to be made at little or no expense. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cross-sectional studies using data originally collected for other purposes are often unable to include data on confounding factors, other variables that affect the relationship between the putative cause and effect. (wikipedia.org)
  • This cross-sectional study used data of all Basque Country citizens over 14 years of age (n = 1,964,337) collected in a period of 2 years. (nih.gov)
  • Most studies had data that could have been analysed and reported. (bmj.com)
  • Contributors KBS had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. (bmj.com)
  • The main characteristic of cross-sectional studies is that the observation of variables, whether they are cases, individuals, or other types of data, is performed in a single moment (the same), when the researcher records a "photograph" of the facts (variables) of interest and not the "movie" of its evolution 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • All eligible adult ICD recipients in the Swedish ICD registry were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. (diva-portal.org)
  • The younger adult workers in this study showed better oral conditions and an increase in tooth loss was observed in the older individuals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Critical appraisal of the methodological quality of primary studies is an essential feature of systematic reviews. (bmj.com)
  • Design Cross sectional study. (bmj.com)
  • A cross-sectional study was conducted through structured questionnaires to collect the demographical information of the participating medical staff via WeChat following COVID-19 crisis. (medscimonit.com)
  • They are moderately expensive, and are not suitable for the study of rare diseases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Of course this type of design is appropriate for problems with prolonged or chronic evolution and is not generally suitable for the study of acute situations, when the interest is the incidence b of new events. (bvsalud.org)
  • The goal of this study is to characterize profiles of social media engagement regarding the influenza vaccine and their association with knowledge and compliance in order to support improvement of future web-associated vaccination campaigns. (jmir.org)
  • Using social media is negatively linked to compliance with seasonal influenza vaccination in this study. (jmir.org)
  • This study aimed to explore parental acceptability of HPV vaccination for their daughters in Morocco. (who.int)
  • This large-scale, multicenter, non-interventional, cross-sectional study examined the activity status of COPD patients in Japan and explored factors related to PA. (dovepress.com)
  • The aim of this study was to explore factors related to perceived social support in a large cohort of individuals with HF living with an ICD. (diva-portal.org)
  • Studies have shown that factors such as the presence of walking paths and lighting, along with crime rates, can affect the use of parks for physical activity (9-13). (cdc.gov)
  • I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. (medrxiv.org)
  • Together with other studies showing a high degree of polypharmacy this study points to a clinical and scientific need to analyze polypharmacy regimes on the way to a more personalized therapy of major depressive disorder. (elsevier.com)
  • Periodontal Disease Treatment After Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack: The PREMIERS Study, a Randomized Clinical Trial. (medscape.com)
  • Subsequently, hookworm in Alabama received limited attention until a study published in 2017, reporting 19/55 positive stool samples by qPCR for N. americanus hookworms and 4/55 for Strongyloides stercoralis roundworms, from a cohort of mostly adults living with poor sanitation conditions in Lowndes County ( 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Study selection 965 systematic reviews (809 Cochrane reviews and 156 paper based reviews) published between 1995 and 2002. (bmj.com)
  • We compared the approaches used for quality assessment of primary studies by Cochrane systematic reviews with systematic reviews published in paper based journals. (bmj.com)
  • Stunting was a highly prevalent problem in the study area. (hindawi.com)
  • One thousand female patients in the child bearing period (age 18-45 yrs) were included in this study. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This study investigated the long-term associations of TBI and TBI severity with stroke risk in military veterans. (medscape.com)