Study bacterial toxins. Medical search. Frequent questions

He did research on venoms from insects, spiders, snakes, sea jellies, and sea anemones, and how such venoms sometimes have biochemical and serological mechanisms similar to those of bacteria that produce toxins. (wikipedia.org)
Pathogenic bacteria produce a variety of effectors and/or toxins, which subvert target cell/tissue functions in the infected hosts. (nih.gov)
Host cells detect the presence of bacteria using a receptor called TLR9, which senses bacterial DNA (1). (the-scientist.com)
We have conducted initial activity studies with the toxin and show that it does indeed have strong activity against some medically relevant bacteria. (idw-online.de)
The development of anti-infectives against a large range of AB-like toxin-producing bacteria include. (listlabs.com)
Such research could lead to the development of novel means of protection against the toxins found in bacteria and fungi. (sciencedaily.com)
A description of this new species of bacteria can be used by scientists in comparative studies that examine insect versus mammalian toxins and similarities to non-toxic bacteria. (usda.gov)
Pathogenic bacteria have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms for delivering toxins and other virulence factors into the interior of host cells. (vanderbilt.edu)
This review also aims to highlight comparative studies of immune responses against bacteria, based on our previous findings in largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) against Nocardia seriolae , gray mullet ( Mugil cephalus ) against Lactococcus garvieae , orange-spotted grouper ( Epinephelus coioides ) against Vibrio harveyi , and koi carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) against Aeromonas sobria , using RNA-seq techniques. (frontiersin.org)
Published in the journal Developmental Cell, the results of this first ever genome-wide study to understand how the Ricin and PE toxins attack cells may also be useful for designing more effective antidotes against Diphtheria and Shiga-like toxins secreted by infectious strains of E. coli bacteria, such as those responsible for the recent food poisoning outbreak in Germany. (sciencedaily.com)
The bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa that secretes PE toxin is a common cause of HAIs in vulnerable individuals, including those with burn injuries or receiving intensive care. (sciencedaily.com)
Moreover, in food poisoning cases caused by such toxin-producing bacteria, doctors refrain from using antibiotics as killing the bacteria actually causes more toxins to be released, bringing on the worst symptoms of the illness. (sciencedaily.com)
Instead of killing causative bacteria with antibiotics, researchers treated infected mice with molecules that block toxin formation in bacteria. (case.edu)
Disarming bacteria of disease-causing toxins represents a promising alternative to dwindling antibiotics. (case.edu)
Without the toxins the bacteria become harmless. (case.edu)
This ability has not been lost on human bioengineers who remove the DNA that the bacteria wants to deliver and replaces it with the gene being studied. (rosslandtelegraph.com)
Some bacterial toxins, produced by pathogenic bacteria, have the same activity. (lu.se)
type of bacteria and its viability within the study conditions, and the sterile technique used when studying the inward flow from the outer part of the implant 15 . (bvsalud.org)
In a study the researchers demonstrate how they, by mimicking a substance naturally present in the body, can neutralize toxic substances from bacteria and thereby mitigate harmful inflammation that could otherwise lead to sepsis. (lu.se)
For over two decades, Artur Schmidtchen and his research group have studied endogenous peptides, smaller protein fragments in the body with the ability to both kill bacteria and neutralize the bacterial toxins released during an infection. (lu.se)
Additionally, the designed structure also blocks various toxins released by bacteria, thereby regulating inflammation. (lu.se)

One such example is diphtheria toxin, which is produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae and causes diphtheria, a serious and potentially fatal bacterial infection of the nose and throat. (scitechdaily.com)
During bacterial infection, autophagy proteins appear to regulate the release of cell-saving exosomes, which bear the brunt of toxin damage. (the-scientist.com)
We study Salmonella Typhi pathogenic mechanisms using various infection models. (google.com)
We study the interplay between Salmonella Typhi and the host using various infection models. (google.com)
This study suggests that E-cigarette vapour has the potential to increase susceptibility to pneumococcal infection. (ersjournals.com)
Epidemiological studies suggest that inhalation of toxins increases the risk of airway bacterial infection. (ersjournals.com)
Previous studies suggest that upregulation of PAFR is a biologically plausible mechanism for the association between inhalation of toxins and vulnerability to pneumococcal infection. (ersjournals.com)
Diseases that affect the small intestine such as celiac disease and bacterial infection can lead to lactose intolerance. (home-remedies-for-you.com)
Current research in the Lacy laboratory is primarily focused on the structure and function of large clostridial cytotoxins, including the two toxins responsible for symptoms in Clostridium difficile infection. (vanderbilt.edu)
Structural biology is combined with cellular, tissue, and animal models of intoxication and infection to understand the toxin-host interaction at the molecular level. (vanderbilt.edu)
This study investigated the post invasive events upon S. aureus infection. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
By blocking the bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase with rifampicin phagosomal escape is determined to start approximately 2.5 hours post infection. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Since, the phagocyte-specific cognate receptors for both escape relevant toxins, FPR2 (PSMα receptor) and CD11b (LukAB receptor) are produced in epithelial and endothelial cells only after infection with S. aureus in a calcium dependent fashion. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
For relatively healthy patients, such as athletes suffering from a MRSA infection, these molecules may be enough to clear an infection," said Menachem Shoham, associate professor of biochemistry at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and senior author on the study. (case.edu)
Scientists have known for a while that certain immune molecules enhance sleep and are activated by infection, but this is the first study suggesting a common underlying mechanism that regulates sleep and plays a critical role in recuperative sleep responses. (harvard.edu)
Although warranting further study, the observations suggest that the inflammasome, the constellation of sleep-regulating proteins, may play an evolutionary role as a guardian of brain health and vitality that wards off the effects of sleep deprivation and infection. (harvard.edu)
The latter group slept more and harder following bacterial exposure-the expected physiological response following infection, the researchers said. (harvard.edu)
It is possible that this general pathway protects the fungus initially, while the machinery required for the more specialized pathway is assembled after an initial exposure to the toxin and can take over later in the infection,' says Daniel Vassão. (mpg.de)
[ 51 ] In addition, these studies permit visualization of the location of the rapidly spreading infection. (medscape.com)
Otitis Media (Acute) Acute otitis media is a bacterial or viral infection of the middle ear, usually accompanying an upper respiratory infection. (msdmanuals.com)

In this thesis we have produced proteins that are densely decorated with carbohydrate determinants in order to study the glycosylation capacity of cell lines (paper I) and generate efficient binders of antibodies (paper II), bacterial toxins (paper III) and virus receptors such as the influenza hemagglutinin (paper IV). (avhandlingar.se)
The study identified the ways in which proteins cross a cell membrane, a finding that could create a scientific foundation for better ways of delivering drugs into cells in the future, or for treating illnesses caused by bacterial toxins. (scitechdaily.com)
When the cultured cells had normal levels of autophagy proteins and were exposed to bacterial DNA, they released far more exosomes laden with ADAM10 than did the ATG16L1-deficient cells. (the-scientist.com)
Though immunologically different from each other, Ricin, PE, Diphtheria and Shiga toxins all kill by destroying the cell's protein synthesis 'factories', the place where all proteins necessary for the cell's survival are produced. (sciencedaily.com)
To travel to these protein 'factories' in the cell, the toxins first trick the host cell into turning off a natural defense mechanism that destroys foreign proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
Now a study conducted in mice and led by investigators at Harvard Medical School and VA Boston Healthcare System reveals that sleep may be regulated in part by several brain-based immune proteins collectively called inflammasome NLRP3. (harvard.edu)
We based our search on the known bacterial SaxA proteins to select candidate genes for further investigations. (mpg.de)
We designed and constructed a library of 95,601 56- amino acid peptide tiles spanning 14,430 proteins with "toxin" or " virulence factor " keyword annotations. (bvsalud.org)

The findings could lead to new types of antibiotics with a novel mechanism of action for attacking bacterial toxins, they say. (sciencedaily.com)
The research could advance the discovery of antibiotics with a novel mechanism of action that will attack key bacterial toxins. (sciencedaily.com)
Similarly, the E. coli strain that produces Shiga toxins, found in the recent deadly food poisoning cases in Germany, were also resistant to antibiotics. (sciencedaily.com)
Biochemists, microbiologists, drug discovery experts and infectious disease doctors have teamed up in a new study that shows antibiotics are not always necessary to cure sepsis in mice. (case.edu)
Eliminating toxins frees up the immune system to eliminate bacterial pathogens instead of antibiotics, said Shoham, who also is affiliated with Q2 Pharma, Ltd., Haifa, Israel. (case.edu)
Both oral and intravenous or intramuscular antibiotics may cause enough disruption of the bacterial organisms in the gut to result in diarrhea. (equisearch.com)
One week gives an introduction to medical microbiology, including bacterial toxins, antibiotics and resistance. (lu.se)

Pneumolysin, an important virulence factor of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a pore-forming toxin which also possesses the ability to activate the complement system directly. (ox.ac.uk)
Our focus is on two S. Typhi's virulence factors, typhoid toxin and Vi capsular polysaccharide (CPS). (google.com)
Emphasis will be placed on the specific microbes and their virulence factors, secretion systems, toxins and surface adhesions. (sfu.ca)
Studying the molecular structures of these virulence factors alone and in complex with host receptors, membranes, and inhibitors can lend insight into how these delivery processes occur and how these processes can be exploited or prevented. (vanderbilt.edu)
Elucidating the molecular structures and functions of these virulence factors alone and in complex with host receptors and membranes will reveal vital information about fundamental mechanisms in bacterial pathogenesis. (vanderbilt.edu)
Phage display of environmental protein toxins and virulence factors reveals the prevalence, persistence, and genetics of antibody responses. (bvsalud.org)

The two enzyme toxins have different evolutionary origins but are similar in molecular weight, charge, substrate specificity, and in several biological activities. (wikipedia.org)
Based on this viewpoint, this review shows molecular basis underlying host susceptibility and vulnerability to diseases through the studies of host molecules targeted by bacterial effectors and toxins. (nih.gov)
We use a multidisciplinary approach integrating data & computational science, cell biology, molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, glycobiology, immunology, structural biology (cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography), and murine models to decipher the interactions between the host and (drug-resistant) bacterial pathogens. (google.com)
Glycan-Mediated Molecular Interactions in Bacterial Pathogenesis. (google.com)
The molecular strategies that bacterial and viral pathogens use to colonize the human body and cause disease will be studied. (sfu.ca)
Highlighting the significance of this study, Dr Bard added, "Through this genome-wide screen, our understanding of how toxins interact with human cells at the molecular level expanded tremendously. (sciencedaily.com)

Neutralization of typhoid toxin by alpaca-derived, single-domain antibodies targeting the PltB and CdtB subunits. (google.com)
Mechanisms of typhoid toxin neutralization by antibodies targeting glycan receptor binding and nuclease subunits. (google.com)
Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to Shiga Toxin 1 and 2 are provided by List. (listlabs.com)
These studies used antibodies raised against the bacterial toxins in animals. (arizona.edu)

I have also looked at vertical migration by dinoflagellates and effects of cyanobacterial toxins on the food web in connection to decaying blooms. (lu.se)

Similar to other bacterial pathogens, multi-drug resistant (MDR) and even extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S. Typhi strains are spreading globally, which are anticipated to worsen the morbidity and mortality of typhoid fever if new interventions are not implemented. (google.com)
Genome analysis of C. concisus strains isolated from saliva samples has identified a bacterial marker that is associated with active Crohn's disease (one major form of IBD). (frontiersin.org)
Strains which are able to escape the phagosome were identified and the responsible toxins were determined. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Strains which are not able to escape cannot replicate in the acidic vacuole, whereas, the host cytoplasm offers a rich milieu for bacterial replication. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
The results of this study will enhance our understanding of the immune responses of fish, and will aid in the development of effective vaccines, therapies, and disease-resistant strains. (frontiersin.org)
Studies in the Netherlands and here in the US have shown the presence of S. aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains, or MRSA) on raw meat samples. (scienceblogs.com)
Shigella sonnei with 113 strains studied, 57 unique patterns and 19 clusters detected were confirmed. (bvsalud.org)
Vibrio cholerae with 18 strains studied, 9 unique patterns and 4 clusters were detected. (bvsalud.org)
A genetic relationship of 100% was established between strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa toxin producer ctxA and tcpA isolated from the index case of the cholera outbreak. (bvsalud.org)

Stool samples from 114 cases of diarrhoea in travellers returning from the tropics were collected for microbiological examination and PCR for norovirus genogroups I and II, enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) producing heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin (ST). Travel and laboratory data of cases were compared with those of 56 travellers without diarrhoea. (nih.gov)

But their venom also contains active substances that could be used against bacterial pathogens in the future. (idw-online.de)
We have identified several toxins that belong to protein classes with known efficacy against bacterial pathogens. (idw-online.de)
We therefore asked ourselves whether widespread fungal pathogens have strategies to adapt to the chemical defenses of plants of the cabbage family,' Jingyuan Chen, the first author of the study, explains. (mpg.de)

Exosomes also protected other cells from two additional bacterial toxins, leukotoxin ED and diphtheria toxin. (the-scientist.com)

Indeed, while MRSA's alpha-toxin binds the host receptor ADAM10 on exosomes in wildtype mice, destroying the vesicles, in mice lacking ATG16L1, alpha-toxin binds ADAM10 on host cells, forming a pore and killing cells (3). (the-scientist.com)
The team found that the innate immune receptor TLR9 senses bacterial DNA in human and mouse cells and triggers exosome release, although the team hasn't yet determined all the steps in the pathway. (the-scientist.com)
The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)
2018 ). Here, we will solely focus on the less recognized globosides and in particular the globoside Gb 3 , which is the membrane receptor for vero toxins. (springer.com)
Shiga toxins, also called verotoxins, consists of two domains: the A polypeptide confers the activity, and the B polypeptide pentamer confers the receptor-specific binding. (listlabs.com)
Shiga toxins then enter the cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. (listlabs.com)
It blocks a receptor, CD14, which plays a key role in detecting bacterial substances and initiating the immune response. (lu.se)

Studies on the structure and mechanism of a bacterial protein toxin by analytical ultracentrifugation and small-angle neutron scattering. (ox.ac.uk)
These ubiquitous microbial genetic elements are composed of a protein toxin inhibited by an antitoxin. (lu.se)

Gb 3 glycosphingolipids are the specific receptors for bacterial Shiga toxin. (springer.com)
Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)
2010 ) as well as Shiga toxin are known to specifically bind to Gb 3 . (springer.com)
The effects of Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2 have been shown to vary with cell type because Gb3 receptors are present in certain tissues, particularly sensory neurons and renal cells. (listlabs.com)
Shiga toxin 1 and Shiga toxin 2 differ in their effects on various tissues. (listlabs.com)
Shiga toxin 1 and 2 provided by List Labs are recombinantly expressed in E. coli and are highly purified. (listlabs.com)
Product #161 Shiga Toxin 1, recombinant from E. coli, is provided lyophilized in PBS buffer. (listlabs.com)
Product #162 Shiga Toxin 2, recombinant from E. coli, is provided as a liquid in a Tris buffer solution. (listlabs.com)
Anti-Shiga Toxin Camelid Antibody, which is a heterotetramer VHH that recognizes both Shiga Toxin 1 and Shiga Toxin 2, is also available. (listlabs.com)
Anti-Shiga Toxin 1 or Anti-Shiga Toxin 2 Antibody, when paired with the Anti-Shiga Toxin Camelid Antibody, can be used in a standard sandwich ELISA. (listlabs.com)
Product #761 Anti-Shiga Toxin 1 (Rabbit), IgG is provided as a frozen liquid in PBS buffer solution. (listlabs.com)
Product #766 Anti-Shiga Toxin Camelid Antibody, VHH is provided as a liquid in PBS buffer solution. (listlabs.com)

To kill a cell, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus discharges an arsenal of toxins. (the-scientist.com)
the most common bacterial causes are coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus , but other gram-positive and gram-negative infections also occur. (msdmanuals.com)

In turn, this indicates that systemic exploration of molecules and signaling pathways targeted by bacterial effectors/toxins provides a powerful tool in digging up an unexpected Achilles' heel(s), malfunctioning of which gives rise to disorders not restricted to infectious diseases. (nih.gov)
Áron Szabó and his colleagues from the Institute of Genetics of the ELKH Biological Research Centre (BRC) conducted a study on glial degradation pathways in a model organism, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in the laboratory led by Gábor Juhász. (brc.hu)
This fungus, which causes white mold disease, can colonize Arabidopsis in spite of the chemical defenses present using two detoxification pathways to deactivate the plant toxins. (mpg.de)
We found that CYN potentiated the effect of bacterial and cyanobacterial LPS that was documented by activation of inflammatory signaling pathways including mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 as well as consequent expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), TNF-alpha, interleukin-6 (IL-6). (muni.cz)

This means that we could potentially develop a generic antidote that is effective against the two different types of toxins by blocking ERGIC2 function," said Dr Bard. (sciencedaily.com)
The paper outlines various types of toxins, their origins, and their impact on marine life and human health, highlighting the urgency for effective interventions. (news-medical.net)

Why study microbiology? (lu.se)
At the same time, this course is the first step in a series of courses for those who want to focus their studies on microbiology or related topics. (lu.se)
Finally, you learn about several industrial, agricultural, and biotechnological applications of microbiology, and make study visits to see microbiology in action at real working places for microbiologists. (lu.se)

Alpha-toxin is one of its favorites, forming a cylinder of sharp peptides that punches a hole in the host cell, popping it. (the-scientist.com)
Bacteriologist Victor Torres and cell biologist Ken Cadwell , both of New York University Grossman School of Medicine, had found in previous work that a key protein involved in autophagy also makes mice less susceptible to MRSA and alpha-toxin. (the-scientist.com)
Alpha-toxin binds to ADAM10 in order to puncture the cell, and when these cells were treated with alpha-toxin, they were more likely to die than control cells that had normal levels of ATG16L1. (the-scientist.com)
Western blots for alpha-toxin showed that the compound bound preferentially to exosomes from ATG16L1-rich animals that had ADAM10, and further experiments demonstrated that decoy exosomes worked in mice as well: exosomes from wild-type mice, but not those from ATG16L1-deficient mice, prolonged survival when transferred into MRSA-infected mice. (the-scientist.com)

However, they also discovered two different strategies of the white mold fungus to detoxify the defensive substances: The first is a general detoxification pathway that binds glutathione to the isothiocyanate toxins. (mpg.de)

Now, drawing inspiration from the body's own defence mechanisms based on peptides, we have developed a new approach to treating severe bacterial infections", says Artur Schmidtchen, professor in dermatology and venereology and senior consultant at Skåne University Hospital, who led the study. (lu.se)
Now, the researchers have predicted and validated numerous new TAs (1,2), advancing the field of bacterial antiviral immunity mechanisms. (lu.se)

It remains to be shown if PSGL - 1/mIgG 2b can competitively inhibit and sterically block toxin and viral attachment to the cell surface. (avhandlingar.se)

Hormones have a profound impact on our health and because of a poor diet high in sugar and carbohydrates as well as environmental toxins, many people have an imbalance of hormones, which leads to a variety of debilitating symptoms like chronic pain in the body as well as depression, anxiety, foggy brain and many more. (holistichelp.net)
Keeping sugar and other refined foods out of the diet, reducing exposure to environmental toxins like pesticides and regular exercise are crucial as well. (holistichelp.net)
The findings spotlight the role of environmental toxins in hormone-related cancers, suggesting new avenues for cancer prevention and mitigation strategies. (news-medical.net)

The studies were conducted with the Zika viral strain that has recently spread from South America to ravage Puerto Rico and likely responsible for the first wave of infections that have begun to occur in the United States. (prnewswire.com)

In this study, the team led by IMCB Principal Investigator, Dr Frédéric Bard examined the entire human genome of about 22,000 genes to identify those genes of normal host cell processes which Ricin and PE toxins hijack in order to kill the cell. (sciencedaily.com)
By identifying the specific host genes required for these toxins to attack the cell's protein 'factories', this study effectively singled out the attractive therapeutic targets from the entire human genome for developing antidotes that could potentially be effective against any toxins that share the same mode of action. (sciencedaily.com)
We then tested whether these genes are actually expressed in greater quantities in fungi exposed to the toxins, and whether the resulting protein can render the toxins harmless,' explains Daniel Vassão, one of the study leaders. (mpg.de)
A group of food crops, specifically soybean, sugar beet, canola and corn, grown in Canada are transgenically modified with bacterial genes to resist particular pesticides. (rosslandtelegraph.com)

These findings will contribute to fish immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections through the design of more specific and effective immune stimulants, adjuvants, and vaccines. (frontiersin.org)
A team of scientists from Singapore has discovered the secret recipe for 'antidotes' that could neutralize the deadly plant toxin Ricin, widely feared for its bioterrorism potential, as well as the Pseudomonas exotoxin responsible for the tens of thousands of hospital-acquired infections in immune-compromised patients all over the world. (sciencedaily.com)
Our hope is that with these new therapeutic targets identified from the human genome, we will be one step closer to finding toxin antidotes that will make hospital-acquired infections and enterotoxic E. Coli outbreaks a thing of the past. (sciencedaily.com)
The breakthrough study, published in Scientific Reports , suggests infections in humans might be cured the same way. (case.edu)
In a study of 13 patients with thoracic and abdominal wall infections, Sharif et al reported that CT and MRI were superior to sonography, scintigraphy, and plain radiography in providing useful information about the nature and extent of infections. (medscape.com)
The study included 16 patients with the disease and 595 patients with severe nonnecrotizing neck infections. (medscape.com)
[ 51 ] In their study of 29 patients with necrotizing soft tissue infections, Lille et al reported that nondiagnostic radiographs correlate with a delay in operative intervention and consequent increased morbidity and mortality. (medscape.com)
If it is severe, the risk and severity of bacterial and fungal infections increase. (msdmanuals.com)
Treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is used to stimulate neutrophil production and prevent bacterial infections after cancer chemotherapy and with severe chronic neutropenia. (msdmanuals.com)
Ganna Petruk and Artur Schmidtchen, two of the reserchers behind the study of a new treatment strategy for severe bacterial infections. (lu.se)
The development of a new treatment strategy for bacterial infections and sepsis is being led by researchers at Lund University. (lu.se)

Most of the studies on the human hosted Campylobacter species in the past decade were on Campylobacter concisus , this bacterium is therefore the focus of this review. (frontiersin.org)
In her opinion, since this antibiotic is not aimed at killing the bacterium but only reducing its toxicity to humans, it will not lead to a rapid development of bacterial resistance towards it. (sciencedaily.com)
We have discovered a purple bacterium that make toxins that kill Colorado potato beetles, which are resistant to most pesticides, as well as corn rootworms and diamond back moths. (usda.gov)
This purple bacterium is different from any bacterial species that have been described. (usda.gov)
The bacterium produces toxins that can collect to a high level when prepared foods are left at room temperature, such as potato salad at picnics (a common vehicle for staph food poisoning). (scienceblogs.com)
For much staph food poisoning, the ultimate source is generally thought to be a human--Aunt Bea who perhaps had S. aureus on her hands while cutting the potatoes, and then the bacterium grew and generated bacterial toxins while it was sitting out at the family gathering. (scienceblogs.com)

Some of these animal hosted Campylobacter species, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli , can cause acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans through consumption of contaminated food or water ( Galanis, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
Studies done by researchers at the University of Arizona and the Environmental Protection Agency showed everything from fecal matter to E-coli, rodent droppings, toxic herbicides, cigarette residue, pollen, and lead dust on the soles of shoes they tested. (abc15.com)

In addition to enumerating immunodominant antibody epitopes , we studied the age-dependent stability of the ToxScan profile and used a genome-wide association study to find that the MHC-II locus modulates bacterial epitope selection. (bvsalud.org)

Direct IgG epitope mapping on bacterial AB toxins by cryo-EM. (google.com)

The objectives of the study were to de- ter sources such as small foothill streams termine the chlorine resistance of the fish and shallow wells. (who.int)
And since they don't need the toxins to survive, there is less pressure to develop resistance. (case.edu)

Étude de l'activité antibiotique 'in vitro' de la Pénicilline sur les bactéries acido-resistantes cultivées en milieux glycérines lipidolytiques. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Some in vitro studies were supported by NIH/NIAID Preclinical Services under contract numbers HHSN272201100012I and HHSN27200007. (case.edu)
In vitro bacterial studies at the I-A interface of Morse taper implants have attempted to assess the actual advantage of mechanical locking of these joints, but variable results were found 2-8,18 . (bvsalud.org)

NSTI is pathophysiologically characterized by effects of bacterial toxins and enzymes (eg, hyaluronidase) that enable horizontal extension through the fascial planes, leading to intravascular thromboses and ischemic necrosis with disturbance of the host's humoral and cellular immune response. (medscape.com)
The new study included preliminary experiments showing the molecules prevent three other bacterial species from killing immune cells. (case.edu)
Our research points, for the first time, to the inflammasome acting as a universal sensing mechanism that regulates sleep through the release of immune molecules," said study senior investigator Mark R. Zielinski, instructor in psychiatry at HMS. (harvard.edu)
This study investigated whether immune cells can be a target of CYN either alone or in combination with a model immunomodulatory agent, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (muni.cz)

It was through that work that the researchers discovered how some toxins were getting across the cell membranes, said Ashweta Sahni, lead author of the study and a graduate student in Pei's lab at Ohio State. (scitechdaily.com)

Candida overgrowth emits toxins into the body that result in a variety of symptoms, of which pain in the connective tissue, as well as many other common Fibromyalgia symptoms like headaches, fatigue, irritability, foggy brain etc. (holistichelp.net)
Feeds where the fat has gone rancid, or those that have mold growth or bacterial overgrowth can cause diarrhea. (equisearch.com)

Study first to show how some toxins and drugs enter cells. (scitechdaily.com)
And it is also how bacterial toxins enter human cells and wreak havoc. (scitechdaily.com)
Pei's research team at Ohio State has spent years trying to understand how biomolecules such as bacterial toxins get inside a human cell, with the goal of finding ways to get medications into those cells. (scitechdaily.com)
The researchers studied in Fcα/µR-deficient mice and found that their MZ B cells produced much less IL-6 in response to LPS than those of control mice. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
PUNCTURE THIS: Based on experiments with mice and cultured human epithelial cells, researchers pieced together how hosts can use exosomes to defend themselves against bacterial toxins. (the-scientist.com)
The researchers exposed microglial cells to a bacterial toxin. (secondopinionnewsletter.com)
When they exposed the microglial cells to luteolin before encountering the toxin, the neurons lived. (secondopinionnewsletter.com)
If not contained, toxins released from dead cells can spread to neighboring healthy cells, resulting in rapid and widespread tissue and organ damage. (sciencedaily.com)
The aim of the study is to bring a basic information on the ability of CYN to interfere with mammalian innate immunity cells and thus increase the understanding of the immunomodulatory potency of CYN. (muni.cz)
Macrophages were treated either with pure toxin (1 mu M) or together with a known stimulator of immunologically active cells, bacterial or cyanobacterial LPS. (muni.cz)
This has been correlated to the presence of bacterial infiltration and inflammatory cells that may lead to bone loss around this area 19 . (bvsalud.org)

The molecules cling to a toxin-making protein found across Gram-positive bacterial species, called AgrA, rendering it ineffective. (case.edu)
The small molecules work against multiple bacterial species. (case.edu)

1.2-1.9) risk of pneumonia in children [ 2 ], and in young children exposure to fossil fuel-derived particulate matter is associated with a 1.3-fold (95% CI 1.0-1.6) increase in bacterial pneumonia [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Results of the study show that the inflammasome recruits a sleep-inducing molecule to trigger somnolence following sleep deprivation and exposure to a bacterial toxin. (harvard.edu)
This study identifies links between exposure to chemicals like PFAS, parabens, and phenols and increased cancer risk, particularly among women and across racial groups. (news-medical.net)

His Ph.D. thesis is entitled Studies on the antigenic specificity of Paramecium and studies on the massive cultivation of Streptococcus pyogenes. (wikipedia.org)

We have no idea at this time, and that's what makes studies like the current Price paper in Clinical Infectious Diseases critical. (scienceblogs.com)
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out at Tikrit teaching hospital, Iraq, from October 2004 to September 2005, to identify the prevalence and etiology of nosocomial infectious diar- rhoea among children under 5 years of age. (who.int)
As infectious diarrhoea is defini- paediatric ward for reasons other than diar- tively diagnosed only when the bacterial or rhoea and stayed for more than 3 days. (who.int)

Although the study confirms that Milos vipers are not harmless, their venom may have biomedical applications in the future. (idw-online.de)

In addition to inhibiting protein synthesis, Shiga toxins induce cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. (listlabs.com)

Over the past decade, studies on human hosted Campylobacter species strongly suggest that Campylobacter concisus plays a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (frontiersin.org)
Bacterial species are usually not harmful to their hosts, although there are exceptions. (frontiersin.org)
These fish, especially species fishponds in Hargeisa and used them to de- of tilapia, are present in 4 streams which termine chlorine-sensitivity and to study have permanent water in the Sahil region, their larva-eating capacity. (who.int)
RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based transcriptome analysis and various bioinformatics tools have also been used to study non-model animals, including aquaculture species for which reference genomes are not available. (frontiersin.org)

A new study from the Texas A&M University School of Public Health suggests that vaping increases the risk of asthma in adolescents who have never smoked conventional tobacco products. (news-medical.net)

Once the TA system detects the invading phage, the toxin is activated, compromising the viability of the infected bacterial cell. (lu.se)

In addition, RNA-Seq has been used in many studies of fish immunology ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)

All people can be affected by this toxin, and symptoms may persist for months or years. (who.int)
According to these studies, patients presenting for subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS frequently have a history of psychiatric symptoms, and DBS may be followed by an elevated risk of suicide or attempted suicide, and increased apathy. (medscape.com)

To conclude, the current study clarifies that phagosomal escape and host cell death are interplay of both, bacterial toxins and host cell factors. (uni-wuerzburg.de)

The study, published on 22 June in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution, revealed the genetic milestones of fungal evolution by comparing 123 complete fungal genomes. (brc.hu)
Type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in bacterial genomes. (mdpi.com)
A groundbreaking study led by experts from Indiana University School of Medicine has shed new light on the genetic underpinnings of Alzheimer's disease. (news-medical.net)
The aim of the study is to present the database of bacterial genetic profiles and analyze outbreaks of FBD using PFGE. (bvsalud.org)

Decoy exosomes provide protection against bacterial toxins," Nature , 579:260-64, 2020. (the-scientist.com)

In two recent bioinformatics-driven studies, Virus centre-affiliated researchers Gemma Atkinson and Vasili Hauryliuk took a closer look at the unexplored diversity of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems (1,2). (lu.se)

Reference: "Bacterial Toxins Escape the Endosome by Inducing Vesicle Budding and Collapse" by Ashweta Sahni and Dehua Pei, 23 September 2021, ACS Chemical Biology . (scitechdaily.com)

Previous studies have found anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin. (secondopinionnewsletter.com)
Our study brings one of the first information that contributes to the elucidation of immunomodulatory role of CYN in macrophages under normal and pro-inflammatory conditions. (muni.cz)

After this period, the implants were disassembled for confirmation of bacterial viability. (bvsalud.org)
After 7 days of observation, none of the specimens presented positive results for microleakage and the bacterial viability was confirmed in all specimens. (bvsalud.org)

It is almost like a magic trick, the way the membrane encapsulates these toxins," said Dehua Pei, senior author of the study and a professor of chemistry and biochemistry at The Ohio State University. (scitechdaily.com)
The biochemistry of bacterial toxins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Shoham led the study in collaboration with colleagues from the departments of biochemistry and dermatology and the Center for RNA and Therapeutics at Case Western Reserve University. (case.edu)

Scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena have long been studying the glucosinolates and isothiocyanates that constitute the special defense mechanism of cabbage family plants, which include rapeseed, radishes and mustard. (mpg.de)

The Zika studies, which were conducted with small-scale versions of the Hemopurifier®, demonstrated a 95% clearance of Zika virus from cell culture fluid in 5.5 hours and an approximate 50% clearance of Zika from human blood serum in 5 hours. (prnewswire.com)

I now know that it was, given that I found what has to be one of the purest, most idiotic distillations of the toxins gambit published on the website of that alt right rising star and all purpose wingnut Mike Adams. (scienceblogs.com)
The study found that consuming a beverage sweetened with sucrose significantly increased bacterial endotoxin levels in the blood, a marker for inflammation and gut barrier dysfunction, while no such effect was observed with sucralose-sweetened drinks. (news-medical.net)
Different volumes of bacterial suspension for implants inoculation could minimize the variations found in the literature. (bvsalud.org)

1976. Studies on the in vivo formation of acrolein. (cdc.gov)

Unfortunately, since then the toxins gambit has truly been the antivaccine lie that won't die, a veritable Whac-A-Mole of misinformation such that, as soon as skeptics and pro-science vaccine advocates whack down one "toxins"-related lie about vaccines, another one pops up to take its place who knows where. (scienceblogs.com)

While TAs have a variety of functions, one function that has recently stepped into the limelight recently is a role in defence against bacterial viruses, bacteriophages. (lu.se)

The overall trend was a thinning of the liposome surface on toxin attack, which was countered by the formation of localized structures thicker than the liposome bilayer itself, in a manner dependent on pneumolysin concentration. (ox.ac.uk)

A recent study, published in the journal ACS Chemical Biology , answers that mystery. (scitechdaily.com)
Although the study of microorganisms is an old and important discipline, it has gone through a rapid development in recent years that has transformed it into a highly dynamic field that influences most aspects of modern biology. (lu.se)

Anatomy6

Organisms22

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs64

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment8

Phenomena and Processes23

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Bacteria21

Infection20

Proteins8

Antibiotics7

Virulence6

Molecular6

Antibodies4

Effects of cyanobacterial1

Strains9

Escherichia1

Pathogens3

Diphtheria1

Receptor7

Protein toxin2

Shiga Toxin12

Staphylococcus2

Pathways4

Types of toxins2

Microbiology3

Alpha Toxin4

Substances1

Mechanisms2

Block toxin1

Environmental toxins3

Viral1

Genes4

Infections11

Bacterium6

Coli2

Antibody1

Epitope1

Resistance2

Vitro3

Immune4

Membranes1

Overgrowth2

Cells11

Molecules2

Exposure3

Specificity1

Infectious3

Harmless1

Cytokines1

Species4

Increases the risk1

Phage1

Immunology1

Symptoms2

Interplay1

Genetic4

20201

Centre1

20211

Inflammatory2

Viability2

Biochemistry3

Defense mechanism1

Serum1

Found3

19761

Vaccine1

Defence1

Formation1

Biology2