• BILNAS also produces academic monographs based on research in and around Libya, as well as more popular books designed to appeal to a wider audience with a general interest in Libya and North Africa. (wikipedia.org)
  • A systematic literature review of papers published on diabetes prevalence and complications in North Africa from January 1990 to July 2012. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore the main aim of this review was to fill this knowledge gap by providing an up-to-date overview on diabetes prevalence and related microvascular complications including retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and microalbuminuria in North Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conducted a systematic review of all papers published on diabetes in adults in North Africa between January 1990 to July 2012 and available in PUBMED database. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies were included if they were based on adults aged ≥18 years, were carried out in the UN sub region of North Africa, assessed prevalence of diabetes and related microvascular complications, and if the sample size was ≥50 participants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It confirmed the increase in diabetes prevalence and its complications in the Sub-Saharan Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While a systematic review in the Sub-Saharan Africa shows a clear increase in the prevalence of diabetes, the diabetes situation in Northern Africa has not yet been systematically assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Malawi is a poor country in Sub-Saharan Africa that has made attempts to address its population and fertility problems, 1-5 by initiating programs to encourage birthspacing 6 and by organizing conferences on population and development. (guttmacher.org)
  • The project team are developing an effective protocol for a thermostable PPR vaccine for transfer to African vaccine manufacturers, potentially impacting millions of smallholder farmers across sub-Saharan Africa. (ilri.org)
  • Background Few community-based studies of epilepsy from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have included neuroimaging or neurophysiology. (bmj.com)
  • Undertaking survey research in Sub-Saharan Africa including designing survey questionnaires and training of enumerators. (edu.au)
  • Needs assessments in Sub- Saharan Africa, Northern Africa, Central America (Unpublished data, Aragon A, Torres C, Guevara R, Blanco L. Perfil Nacional sobre Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo en Nicaragua. (cdc.gov)
  • The project will go beyond technology development to identify and test components of new institutional models for delivering effective PPR control services to small ruminant producers in two locations in Eastern Africa. (ilri.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to assess the pattern of psychoactive substance use among inmates at Kiru Rehabilitation Centre, Kano in the North Central Region of Nigeria, to determine the extent of their involvement. (ajol.info)
  • This study has shown that psychoactive substances are commonly used and abused, especially among the uneducated youths in the Northern part of Nigeria. (ajol.info)
  • Madichie, Okechukwu A. 2016-12-05 00:00:00 PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges of property development and management in northern Nigeria drawing upon the experiences of Bauchi, Gombe and Kaduna states.Design/methodology/approachBased on a longitudinal evaluation of these trends and challenges, this study draws upon a literature review and practitioner insights on property investment efforts in northern Nigeria. (deepdyve.com)
  • It also benefits from insider accounts related to the author's 20-years' experience of work both in both Nigeria and the UK.FindingsThe study highlights the salient factors that have brought about the housing challenges in northern Nigeria. (deepdyve.com)
  • Arguably poor property development and management initiatives have had direct correlations with the weak property management practices in these states and thereby further restricted investments in the real-estate sector in northern Nigeria.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of the study are based on those attributable to personal observation and ethnographic studies as adopted in this case. (deepdyve.com)
  • Meek, C. K. The Northern Tribes of Nigeria . (postcolonialweb.org)
  • The new study, published in Nature , was a collaboration between scientists at The Genome Analysis Centre, the Broad Institute, Eawag Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Sciences and Georgia Institute of Technology. (thefishsite.com)
  • This was a cross sectional study of adult patients with HIV/AIDS attending outpatient clinic at the S.S. Wali Virology Centre of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital who gave informed consent. (who.int)
  • Within the H2020 project, InnoForEst, I am collaborating with the Universeum Science Centre in Gothenburg to study how school children interact with forest ecosystems, and how they can learn more about climate change through multi-actor collaborations. (lu.se)
  • We systematically reviewed the literature on diabetes prevalence and its complications in the UN sub region of Northern Africa including Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan and Western Sahara. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Morocco, existing studies have ree while the participants wore light clothing ported that the prevalence of overweight with no shoes using a portable scale and a and obesity has increased greatly during metric tape adhered to a wall. (who.int)
  • Recently I have been running a project collecting data on how the 2018 drought hit Swedish farmers, to be able to analyse how vulnerability to an extreme event is shaped in a "northern" context. (lu.se)
  • Type 2 diabetes is increasingly becoming a major chronic disease health burden in Africa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This motivated our study, which is focused on modelling the burden of ticks and TBDs in cattle (cows, oxen and bulls) reared in resource-poor settings. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Northern Star is the student-produced, independent media at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Ill. and is a limited public forum whose content is determined exclusively by its student editors. (northernstar.info)
  • The Northern Star is the student-produced, independent media at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Ill. The Northern Star covers NIU campus news, DeKalb news, NIU Huskie sports and northern Illinois entertainment. (northernstar.info)
  • Board of Trustees of Northern Illinois University . (niu.edu)
  • In 1946 he accepted a professorship in the English department at Roosevelt University in Chicago, where he remained as professor of English and lecturer in African Cultures until his retirement in 1970. (si.edu)
  • Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1999. (linguistlist.org)
  • With a research degree from Middlesex University, you'll make a lasting contribution to social justice through academic study or professional practice. (mdx.ac.uk)
  • Why study MPhil/PhD Law at Middlesex University? (mdx.ac.uk)
  • and Western Classical percussion with Gray Barrier of the University of Northern Colorado. (earlham.edu)
  • A team led by Jan ter Meulen while he was a Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) international research scholar at the University of Conakry in the Republic of Guinea, identified the new virus in an African wood mouse (Hylomiscus simus) in Sangassou, Guinea. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This discovery represents the first genetic evidence for the presence of hantaviruses in Africa," said ter Meulen, who also holds a position at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Despite the widespread prevalence of gangsterism and the predominantly male membership of gangs, some males residing and growing up in the Northern Areas of Port Elizabeth (Gqeberha), where gangsterism is so widespread, have never been involved in gangs. (scielo.org.za)
  • Many apex predator species such as African lions (Panthera leo) are experiencing catastrophic declines as a result of competition with growing human populations. (researchgate.net)
  • Antibodies to SFS virus have been found in human populations living in southern Europe, northern Africa and central Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • However, there are still few population-based studies that assess metabolic syndrome in Brazil, especially with populations in conditions of social vulnerability. (bvsalud.org)
  • During the last years of the study, all three populations seemed to recover. (lu.se)
  • Your donation is guaranteed to directly contribute to Africans sharing their research output with a global readership. (ajol.info)
  • Areas for future research inquiry are also proffered.Originality/valueThe study is a critical reflection of developments in property management taken from the purview of the Nigerian real-estate market. (deepdyve.com)
  • The British Institute for Libyan and Northern African Studies (BILNAS) publishes detailed reports on its fieldwork projects as part of its Monographs series which also includes conference volumes and academic research connected to Libya. (bilnas.org)
  • Ole Seehausen, senior author and Head of Fish Ecology and Evolution at Eawag Aquatic Research, said: "African cichlid fish stand out amongst fish by their incredible richness of species that evolved without geographical isolation and that now coexist within individual lakes. (thefishsite.com)
  • Combined keyword search on PUBMED identified 1037 articles of which 962 were excluded because studies were conducted outside the region of interest, described diabetes pathogenesis, included genetic or microbiological research, reviewed another disease, used data based on the analysis of patients records, or were case reports (see Additional file 1 for a description of the review and Additional file 2 for the flow-chart). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This research study can support readers to know the demand for pressure ulcer devices products and the quantitative development opportunities during the study period. (bccresearch.com)
  • The insights and information presented in this Persistence Market Research study can be leveraged by shareholders in the pressure ulcer devices market, industry experts, investors, researchers, and reporters, as well as business enthusiasts. (bccresearch.com)
  • In Persistence Market Research's study, a unique research methodology is utilized to conduct extensive research on the growth of the pressure ulcer devices market, and reach conclusions on the future growth parameters of the market. (bccresearch.com)
  • Hi all, Starting with some research on marking tone in African orthographies, I've come across 37 languages that mark the singular and plural distinction of at least some of their nouns solely by tone. (linguistlist.org)
  • My research explores the historical invisibility of northern Nigerian women, the erasure of their voice and agency in the national and international public spheres (even in issues directly concerning them) and subsequently, the re-construction of their identities via stereotypical tropes in the media coverage of the Boko Haram crisis. (lse.ac.uk)
  • The research team at the Northern California Family Registry is comprised of study coordinators, research assistants, interviewers, phlebotomists, and data analysts. (stanford.edu)
  • Her research has focused on using large data sets (Demographic Health Surveys, Household Income and Labour Dynamics Australia Study, Australian arm of the International Cost and Utility Related to Osteoporotic Fractures Study) for economic modelling using Stata. (edu.au)
  • The team of analysts at Future Market Insights are focussing on research and market study to produce different Medical Whirlpool Market forecasts and predictions at both national and international levels. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The analysts at FMI are dedicated to provide insights after extensive research and study. (pharmiweb.com)
  • In addition, ongoing clinical trials and holistic research studies on different bioactive compounds present in chaga mushrooms aiming to prove their efficacy are also fuelling market sentiments. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
  • Much of the research is carried out in northern latitudes, but our researchers are also looking at ecosystem dynamics and climate interactions in Africa. (lu.se)
  • Starting this research in the drylands of Northern China (with rural reform as an important dimension), I later participated in a project on multiple factors that create seasonal vulnerability in East Africa. (lu.se)
  • Our study highlights this possibility, and suggests we need to research it further. (cdc.gov)
  • Women in Africa and the African Diaspora edited by Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, Sharon Harley, and Andrea Benton Rushing, Women, State, and Ideology: Studies from Africa and Asia edited by Haleh Afshar. (postcolonialweb.org)
  • Division of Epidemiologic Studies and Illinois. (upenn.edu)
  • If this work turns up something promising, we can try to perform epidemiologic studies of Zika virus transmission to humans living in endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Uneétude descriptive, transversale portant sur les patientes traitées en radiothérapie à l'Hôpital Général de Douala pour cancer du col de l'utérus a été réalisée d'octobre 2020 à janvier 2021.Résultats. (bvsalud.org)
  • A descriptive cross over study of women treated by radiotherapy at the Douala General Hospital from October 2020 to January 2021 was conducted. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our study reveals a spectrum of methods that nature uses to allow organisms to adapt to different environments," said senior author Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, Scientific Director of Vertebrate Genome Biology at the Broad Institute: "These mechanisms are likely to be at work in humans and other vertebrates, and by focusing on the remarkably diverse cichlid fishes we were able to study this process on a broad scale for the first time. (thefishsite.com)
  • The search was limited to studies done in humans and no language restrictions were used. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Researchers in the West African country of Guinea have discovered the first African hantavirus, a type of rodent- borne virus that can cause life-threatening infections in humans. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers have discovered the first African hantavirus, a type of rodent-borne virus that can cause life-threatening infections in humans when it is inhaled through aerosolized rodent urine or droppings. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers originally collected hundreds of African rodents during a study of the variability of Lassa virus-another rodent-borne virus-in its hosts and in humans. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We tested the two hypotheses that African lions were most limited by 1) interference competition with humans or 2) exploitative competition with humans and evaluated the relative contribution of individual anthropogenic and biotic variables to lion occurrence. (researchgate.net)
  • This study provides a predictive understanding of the top-down impacts of humans on the world's vulnerable apex carnivores. (researchgate.net)
  • Studying in Cape Town provided me with experience I could have never expected. (studiesabroad.com)
  • Studying abroad in Cape Town has been my favorite part of my undergraduate career. (studiesabroad.com)
  • The discovery, which represents the first genetic evidence of hantavirus in Africa, should significantly advance the understanding of hantavirus evolution, as well as rodent evolution. (sciencedaily.com)
  • So the discovery of an African hantavirus will significantly advance the understanding of hantavirus evolution and of rodent evolution. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Significantly higher This was a cross-sectional study tribes. (who.int)
  • Evaluation of the risk factor relating to the rearing system showed that the infection rate for the free-range goats and cattle was significantly higher when compared with stall-feeding system.This study represents one of the largest investigations on the distribution, prevalence, and risk factors associated with Anaplasma infection in ruminants on Hainan Island, highlighting a higher circulation of the infection in the region than previously anticipated. (bvsalud.org)
  • Children with less severe manifestations of HTLV-III/LAV infection (AIDS-related complex, or ARC) or with asymptomatic infections are not now reported to CDC, and no seroprevalence studies have been conducted among children. (cdc.gov)
  • April 14, 2023 - ---A new CDC study published in the Lancet Global Health looked at 10 years of laboratory flu data from 25 African countries in order to provide new, policy-relevant information about when to expect annual flu epidemics. (cdc.gov)
  • The study offers detailed insights on current market dynamics, which include the drivers, restraints, trends, and opportunities in the market. (bccresearch.com)
  • The study features insights on the current growth dynamics and the major revenue reforms prevailing in the market as along with the key takeaways over the forecast. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The study also includes estimations, projections and evaluation of the market dynamics. (pharmiweb.com)
  • We investigated the relative and cumulative influences of anthropogenic pressures on lion occurrence across a 73 000 km2 multi-use landscape in southern Africa. (researchgate.net)
  • To address this knowledge gap, the present study aimed to assess the occurrence of Anaplasma spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • Internships, service-learning opportunities and study abroad programs will allow you to put your learning into context and experience peacemaking efforts up close. (whitworth.edu)
  • Students have recently completed internships at the refugee resettlement agency World Relief, at women's shelters, and even through study abroad in other countries like Tanzania, Nicaragua and Belgium. (whitworth.edu)
  • The region is affected by the ongoing AIDS epidemic in Africa and thus many Skipped Generation Households are found here. (lu.se)
  • Through alternative theorisations of agency which center the experience and articulations of northern Nigerian women, this work hopes to provide a culturally and historically grounded account of the struggles, negotiations and navigations which shape everyday lives of Northern Nigerian women. (lse.ac.uk)
  • Annual International Conference of the International Academy of African Business and Development, Kampala, Uganda, 2009. (edu.au)
  • Three countries had a primarily southern hemisphere pattern with some northern hemisphere epidemics: Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. (cdc.gov)
  • None use of protective wears have been documented in many studies conducted on Boda-boda drivers in Uganda. (lu.se)
  • This study aimed at assessing the relationship between injuries and the Boda-boda drivers' behaviours in Northern Uganda. (lu.se)
  • Methods: The authors performed a systematic review of primary literature from 1999 to 2020 reporting on NHIS patient satisfaction in eight databases (including PubMed, Embase, and Africa-wide Information). (bvsalud.org)
  • The different methods used in the studies and to produce reports compound the difficulties in compiling and comparing data. (who.int)
  • They can rapidly change these methods, so that the results of a study when released may already be outdated. (who.int)
  • In the present study, the prevalence of SM was associated with smoking and socioeconomic status, which is considered high when compared to the worldwide prevalence. (bvsalud.org)
  • A qualitative study, explorative, descriptive and contextual in design, using semi-structured interviews as data-collection method, explored and described the experience-based lessons from selected males on factors that have protected them from gang involvement. (scielo.org.za)
  • The researchers sequenced the DNA and RNA from ten tissues of five distinct lineages of African cichlids and found many interesting features. (thefishsite.com)
  • They found a match in one of the four African wood mice in the study. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Zika virus is found in parts of Africa and Southeast Asia, and seems to be primarily associated with monkeys. (cdc.gov)
  • The study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of stunting and associated factors among children aged 6-59 month in central Ethiopia. (hindawi.com)
  • Libyan Studies (0263-7189 (Print), 2052-6148 (Online)) is the annual journal of record of the British Institute for Libyan and Northern African Studies, appearing in November each year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Journal of Rural Studies. (lu.se)
  • In 2022, the organisation changed its name from the Society for Libyan Studies to the British Institute of Libyan and Northern African Studies to reflect a broadening of the organisation's geographical remit. (wikipedia.org)
  • The principal aim of the market study is to present exclusive information about how the market will perform during the forecast period of 2022-2032. (bccresearch.com)
  • Speaker: Bernadette Arakwiye Time: 12:00 pm- 1:00 pm Venue: 206 Ingraham Hall Bio: Bernadette Arakwiye manages WRI's contributions to the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR100). (wisc.edu)
  • The African Union commitment to gender equality is further reflected through the establishment of various African Declarations and Protocols such as the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, the Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa (SDGEA), the AU Gender Policy among others, aim at guiding the process of gender mainstreaming and women empowerment, supported by the AU Gender Action Plan. (aprm-au.org)
  • Hence, the pursuit of gender equality in all spheres of governance justifies the involvement of the APRM in unearthing challenges that hamper gender mainstreaming and women empowerment on the African Continent in a bid to encourage member states to adopt policies that enhance gender equality and women emancipation. (aprm-au.org)
  • Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study participants. (hindawi.com)
  • A unique feature of the Northern California Family Registry is the racial/ethnic diversity of our participants. (stanford.edu)
  • Seventy-five percent of our participants are from Hispanic, African American and Asian American families. (stanford.edu)
  • A total of 420 participants were recruited in the study with a male to female ratio of 1:1.5 and mean age of 40.4±10.0 years. (who.int)
  • Events in nature such as storms, extreme precipitation, and temperature shifts following climate change have large effects on northern temperate forests. (lu.se)
  • to transmit this virus don't live in dry and temperate northern Colorado, there was little local mosquito activity in early September when the nights are cool, and the virus wouldn't have had enough time to incubate in the local mosquitoes (assuming it could develop in them) to infect the scientist's wife so soon after he came home. (cdc.gov)
  • The study endeavours to assess the current and future development possibilities, undiscovered roads, factors that shapes their income potential in the global market by breaking it into di such as its types, applications, and region-wise assessment. (pharmiweb.com)
  • They study the key data to assess the revenue and production of manufacturers across various regions. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Stunting was a highly prevalent problem in the study area. (hindawi.com)
  • The African cichlid fishes are some of the most phenotypically diverse groups of organisms on the planet, with over 2,000 known species. (thefishsite.com)
  • The biogeophysics and climatology group at INES are climate and eosystem researchers and modellers using both observational data and modelling to study the interaction between nature and climate, today and in the future. (lu.se)
  • A one-year prospective longitudinal data set was created from patient-held family planning cards of 4,678 reproductive-age women living in a demographic surveillance site in rural northern Malawi. (guttmacher.org)
  • Study authors looked at data from 34 World Health Organization (WHO) member states on the African continent that report surveillance data to Global Influenza Surveillance and Response (GISRS) and used the 25 countries that had at least 3 years of consecutive surveillance data for their analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • Assessing the timing of flu activity in tropical countries has been challenging in the past because data were sparse in most WHO African countries, and annual epidemics may not have aligned with traditional northern (October-March) or southern (April-September) hemisphere epidemic patterns. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the extent and quality of flu surveillance data reported by African countries to the GISRS FluNet network has improved substantially in the past decades, making the current analysis possible. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on these high-quality data, the study was able to identify and describe historical flu epidemics, characterize typical yearly activity, and explore optimal times for interventions. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparisons were made with data from other international studies. (who.int)
  • The ence population provide a baseline for current study will provide the only ethnic background was established evaluating the pulmonary function of a large-scale data for eastern and central on a regional basis as specific tribes are subject, based usually on the person's Africa. (who.int)
  • This is a cross-sectional study with artisanal fishers from the state of Tocantins, and data collected between 2016 and 2017 were used. (bvsalud.org)
  • Market statistics, as well as information linked to the macro- as well as micro-economic variables affecting the business scenario in the pressure ulcer devices market, are also included in the current study. (bccresearch.com)
  • The relationship between drivers' economic stress and road safety have been studied for many years but the effects of global and economic stress, its joint effects on behaviours of drivers in relations to accidents have received very. (lu.se)
  • Conclusion: these authors suggest that more studies should be conducted to determine the relationship between economic stress, anger and dangerous behaviours among Boda-boda drivers and accidents in Gulu Municipality using a Motorcycle Rider Behaviour Questionnaire (MRBQ). (lu.se)
  • According to bioarchaeologist Nancy Lovell, the morphology of ancient Egyptian skeletons gives strong evidence that "In general, the inhabitants of Upper Egypt and Nubia had the greatest biological affinity to people of the Sahara and more southerly areas" but exhibited local variation in an African context. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, identifiable flu epidemic periods can be used to recommend when to start vaccination campaigns with either the northern or southern hemisphere flu vaccine formulations, when to launch antiviral treatment messaging to clinicians, and similarly when to promote preventive measures such handwashing. (cdc.gov)
  • Persistence Market Research's study on the pressure ulcer devices market offers information divided into four important segments - product, stage, end user, and region. (bccresearch.com)
  • This series of Classics in African Anthropology is primarily drawn from a distinct family of texts which dominated the academic analysis of society in mid-20th century Africa. (abebooks.co.uk)
  • What is possibly the oldest recorded origin story [11] of the Lemba people was documented by Henri A. Junod (a Swiss-born South African missionary). (wikipedia.org)
  • Parrinder, E. G. "Theistic Beliefs of the Yoruba and Ewe People of West Africa. (postcolonialweb.org)
  • I have a focused interest in West African and Afro Brazilian percussion and how they can be used to bring people together in meaningful, fun and therapeutic interactions, regardless of musical ability and experience level. (earlham.edu)
  • We do not know if these people suffered from an HFRS-like illness, but studies to determine this are in progress. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Those 25 African countries are home to 1.1 billion people or 89% of continent's total population. (cdc.gov)
  • All these instruments and others were developed for the purpose of influencing policies, procedures and practices which should be leading to accelerating the achievement of gender equality, gender justice, non-discrimination and fundamental human rights in Africa (AU Gender Policy, 2009). (aprm-au.org)
  • The imperative to give gender equality mainstreaming due consideration as both a process and outcome of governance, is underpinned by key Continental Instruments such as the Constitutive Act of the African Union, the Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality, the Maputo Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa and Agenda 2063. (aprm-au.org)
  • Hence, the current study aimed to qualitatively explore the challenges to joint planning, monitoring, and evaluation for nutrition-sensitive agriculture among sectors in Ethiopia. (cipotato.org)
  • Future studies should address whether routine monitoring and surveillance in nutrition-sensitive multi-sectoral activities provides long-term improvement in outcomes. (cipotato.org)
  • This study uncovers the distinct geographical patterns of incidence of the major subtypes of liver cancer. (who.int)
  • Previous studies in Ethiopia have not adequately explored these contextual barriers. (cipotato.org)
  • A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Tigray and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples (SNNP) of Ethiopia regional states in 2017. (cipotato.org)
  • Infectious diseases of livestock with special reference to Southern Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • Some of the classes may be more challenging than those in other study abroad programs, but I learned a lot in all of them. (studiesabroad.com)
  • Incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma were highest in Eastern Asia, Northern Africa, and South-Eastern Asia. (who.int)