• There are two major classes of cilia: motile and non-motile cilia, each with a subtype, giving four types in all. (wikipedia.org)
  • A cell will typically have one primary cilium or many motile cilia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most motile cilia have a central pair of single microtubules surrounded by nine pairs of double microtubules called a 9+2 axoneme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most non-motile cilia have a 9+0 axoneme that lacks the central pair of microtubules. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some motile cilia lack the central pair, and some non-motile cilia have the central pair, hence the four types. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most non-motile cilia are termed primary cilia or sensory cilia and serve solely as sensory organelles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most vertebrate cell types possess a single non-motile primary cilium, which functions as a cellular antenna. (wikipedia.org)
  • Olfactory neurons possess a great many non-motile cilia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Non-motile cilia that have a central pair of microtubules are the kinocilia present on hair cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Motile cilia are found in large numbers on respiratory epithelial cells - around 200 cilia per cell, where they function in mucociliary clearance, and also have mechanosensory and chemosensory functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Motile cilia on ependymal cells move the cerebrospinal fluid through the ventricular system of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Motile cilia are also present in the fallopian tubes of female mammals where they function in moving the egg cell from the ovary to the uterus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Motile cilia that lack the central pair of microtubules are the cells of the embryonic primitive node termed nodal cells and these nodal cilia are responsible for the left-right asymmetry in bilateral animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The axoneme of a primary cilium typically has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (called a 9+0 axoneme), and the axoneme of a motile cilium has, in addition to the nine outer doublets, two central microtubule singlets (called a 9+2 axoneme). (wikipedia.org)
  • The axoneme in a motile cilium acts as a scaffold for the inner and outer dynein arms that move the cilium, and provides tracks for the microtubule motor proteins of kinesin and dynein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eukaryotic flagella have far more proteins than motile cilia and share some of their motion and control mechanisms. (risingacademy.org)
  • Motile cilia remove materials such as dirt, dust, microorganisms, and mucus using their regular undulation to ward off illness. (risingacademy.org)
  • These structures can be classified into two main types: motile cilia, which move rhythmically, and primary cilia, which act as sensory antennas. (fireblogz.com)
  • Motile cilia are dynamic structures that exhibit coordinated beating motions. (fireblogz.com)
  • In contrast to motile cilia, primary cilia are immotile and act as sensory antennas on the surface of cells. (fireblogz.com)
  • Based on comparisons with other proteomic studies of cilia, around 75% of our candidate primary cilia proteins are shared components with motile or specialized sensory cilia. (nih.gov)
  • A) Most motile cilia are organized with 9 microtubule doublets surrounding a core pair of doublets (9+2 configuration). (medscape.com)
  • Located in ciliary transition zone and non-motile cilium. (wormbase.org)
  • Non-motile primary cilia are solitary sensor organelles playing a critical role in cell cycle control, proliferation, polarity and differentiation, particularly of ciliated cells possessing motile cilia [ 3 , 4 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • FIGURE 3 Images of Xenopus laevis motile epidermal cilia . (xenbase.org)
  • f) Image showing basal body and axoneme of motile cilia (g) Image showing cross‐section and the 9 + 2 microtubule structure of motile cilia . (xenbase.org)
  • FIGURE 4 Confocal images of the motile cilia lining the zebrafish nasal (olfactory) pit. (xenbase.org)
  • Motile cilia (green) create a leftward flow of fluid over the cleft. (xenbase.org)
  • Through an NIH-funded research project, Brian Bayless and his student researchers hope to shed light on the "unique case" of motile cilia. (scu.edu)
  • Primary cilia are non-motile sensory antennae present on most vertebrate cell surfaces. (bvsalud.org)
  • Short, hair-like structures called cilia (plural: cilium) are used to transport materials or complete cells, like paramecia, along the surface of cells (such as the cilia of cells lining the Fallopian tubes, which transport the ovum into the uterus, or the cilia of cells lining the respiratory system, which capture particulate matter and transport it toward the nose). (risingacademy.org)
  • they're covered in fine, hair-like structures called cilia. (listverse.com)
  • These structures, known as cilia, may be microscopic, but their impact on various physiological processes is nothing short of monumental. (fireblogz.com)
  • The IFT80 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is part of a group (complex) called IFT complex B. This complex is found in cell structures known as cilia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The xenobots propel themselves by using tiny hair-like structures known as cilia. (kvpr.org)
  • Mammalian basal bodies consist of a barrel of nine triplet microtubules, subdistal appendages and nine strut-like structures, known as distal appendages, which attach the basal body to the membrane at the base of the cilium. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have performed the first reported proteomic analysis of primary cilia from mammalian cells. (nih.gov)
  • The primary purpose of cilia in mammalian cells is to move fluid, mucous, or cells over their surface. (cytochemistry.net)
  • Surface topography regulates wnt signaling through control of primary cilia structure in mesenchymal stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The structure of the cilium core called the axoneme determines the cilium class. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the transition zone, Y-shaped structures connect the ciliary membrane to the underlying axoneme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inside a cilium, is a microtubule-based cytoskeletal core called the axoneme. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, unlike centrioles, cilia and flagella feature a centre pair of microtubules, leading to the term "9 + 2 axoneme" for the total structure. (risingacademy.org)
  • Cilia consist of an axoneme built of microtubules, enveloped by a specialized membrane. (europa.eu)
  • Preliminary results from my laboratory show that axoneme length changes dynamically in response to perturbations of IFT or cilia. (europa.eu)
  • The cilia are composed of three main sections, the axoneme which performs the sensory or movement function, the transition zone which likely contains over 100 proteins which function to anchor the cilia and regulate transport to and from the cilia , and the basal body which is a centriole that functions as a tubulin organizing center to form the cilia . (xenbase.org)
  • The ciliary rootlet is a cytoskeleton-like structure that originates from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium. (wikipedia.org)
  • To achieve its distinct composition, the proximal-most region of the cilium consists of a transition zone, also known as the ciliary gate, that controls the entry and exit of proteins to and from the cilium. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the axonemal structure that achieves effective ciliary motion and the mechanisms by which discretely distributed ciliary cells generate directional flow are unknown. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results indicate that the asymmetric ciliary motion is driven by the asymmetric axonemal structure, and it generates overall directional flow from the lungs to the oropharynx on sparsely distributed ciliated cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The overall objective of my current proposal is to zoom out and shed light on the connection between ciliary structure, chemosensory function and IFT, from a systems perspective. (europa.eu)
  • The primary cilium regulates cellular signalling including influencing wnt sensitivity by sequestering β-catenin within the ciliary compartment. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In addition, ciliary length control in Tsc1 −/− MEFs was also influenced by reduced expression of Gli2, which compromised expression of Wnt5a that normally promotes cilia disassembly. (springer.com)
  • To gain new insights into ciliary functions and better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying ciliopathies, it is of high importance to generate a catalog of primary cilia proteins. (nih.gov)
  • The 2019 Gordon Research Conference (GRC) on Cilia, Mucus and Mucociliary Interactions is a highly integrated and unique meeting uniting basic scientists, bioengineers, translational investigators and clinicians studying the components and fundamentals of cilia and mucus biology, their interface as a mucociliary apparatus and human diseases related to mucociliary dysfunction such as chronic obstructive lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia. (grc.org)
  • Cilia primarily use a waving action to move substances across the cell, such as the ciliary esculator found in the respiratory tract. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Ciliary characteristics, such as length, structure and frequency are often tailored to distinct differentiated cell states. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, OCRL1 plays an important role in ciliogenesis by modulating trafficking of ciliary components into the cilium, presumably through binding with Rab8. (medscape.com)
  • Relative motion of mucus and cilia, both vertically and in the direction of transport. (frontiersin.org)
  • Sensory cilia are organelles extending like antennas from many eukaryotic cells, with crucial functions in sensing and signalling. (europa.eu)
  • Dynein transports various cellular cargos , provides forces and displacements important in mitosis , and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella . (wikipedia.org)
  • siRNA inhibition of anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT88) reduced cilia length and increased active nuclear β-catenin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • IFT complex B is involved in a process called intraflagellar transport (IFT), by which materials are carried within cilia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Yang S, Wang C. The intraflagellar transport protein IFT80 is required for cilia formation and osteogenesis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Primary cilia are involved in a wide range of processes, including the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and response to external signals. (fireblogz.com)
  • The Hedgehog signaling pathway, for example, relies on primary cilia to transduce signals that are crucial for proper development of various tissues and organs. (fireblogz.com)
  • We hypothesized that topography influences mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) wnt signaling through the regulation of primary cilia structure and function. (ox.ac.uk)
  • MSCs cultured on grooves expressed elongated primary cilia, through reduced actin organization. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Conversely, increased primary cilia assembly in MSCs cultured on the grooves was associated with decreased levels of nuclear active β-catenin, axin-2 induction and proliferation, in response to wnt3a. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The sensory primary cilium of vertebrate photoreceptor cells houses thousands of photosensitive disk membranes that are renewed continuously throughout our lifespan. (jneurosci.org)
  • Primary cilia are sensory organelles that coordinate multiple cellular signaling pathways, including Hedgehog (HH), Wingless/Int (WNT) and Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. (springer.com)
  • Similarly, primary cilia have been implicated in regulation of mTOR signaling, in which Tuberous Sclerosis Complex proteins 1 and 2 (TSC1/2) negatively regulate protein synthesis by inactivating the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) at energy limiting states. (springer.com)
  • The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle that senses extracellular signals as a cellular antenna. (nih.gov)
  • Primary cilia are found on many types of cells in our body and play important roles in development and physiology. (nih.gov)
  • Defects of primary cilia cause a broad class of human genetic diseases called ciliopathies. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we isolated primary cilia from mouse kidney cells by using a calcium-shock method and identified 195 candidate primary cilia proteins by MudPIT (multidimensional protein identification technology), protein correlation profiling, and subtractive proteomic analysis. (nih.gov)
  • The remaining 25% of the candidate proteins are possible primary cilia-specific proteins. (nih.gov)
  • These possible primary cilia-specific proteins include EVC2, INPP5E, and inversin, several of which have been linked to known ciliopathies. (nih.gov)
  • These results provide new insights into primary cilia structure and function. (nih.gov)
  • Morphologic comparisons between treatments have revealed oligodendrocyte changes and, already 12 hours following the osmolality restoration, some heavily contrasted oligodendrocytes formed a unique intracellular primary cilium. (unamur.be)
  • Primary cilia are assembled on different types of human cells depending on their state and activities in response to cellular quiescence where they relay extracellular signals and retract upon cell cycle re-entry [ 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Alterations of primary cilium structure and function are responsible for ciliopathies [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
  • Primary cilia may be crucial in determining outcomes during airway epithelial cell differentiation thus we hypothesised that primary cilia are present in adult epithelial cells and may play a key role in airway plasticity. (ersjournals.com)
  • First, we investigated the presence and localisation of primary cilia in the bronchial epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
  • Secondly, we analysed the relationships between primary cilia and clinical, functional and histological characteristics of non-COPD and COPD patients. (ersjournals.com)
  • Primary cilia were analysed on 10 random fields per stained slide. (ersjournals.com)
  • This leftward flow activated primary cilia (red) on the left half of the cleft resulting in the opening of polycystin calcium channels. (xenbase.org)
  • B ) Morphology of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) colonies, ( C ) proliferation rate of iPSCs, and ( D ) photoreceptor primary cilium of organoids were compared between WT and rd16 . (elifesciences.org)
  • Characterization of primary cilia features reveal cell-type specific variability in in vitro models of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Primary cilia are present on a variety of skeletal cell -types and facilitate the assimilation of sensory cues to direct skeletal development and repair. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we sought to evaluate the primary cilia length and frequencies during osteogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 and MC3T3-E1 and chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cells , over a period of 21 days. (bvsalud.org)
  • These results extend our current knowledge , shining light on the variabilities in primary cilia features correlated with distinct differentiated cell phenotypes . (bvsalud.org)
  • OCRL1 has been localized to the trans -Golgi network and various compartments of the endocytic pathway (traffic), where it is found in the clathrin-coated pits, clathrin-coated vesicles, variable functioning endosomes (early, signaling, recycling), and the basal body of primary cilia. (medscape.com)
  • Studies in zebrafish demonstrated defects in cell migration, cell spreading, and primary cilia assembly in the presence of mutant OCRL1. (medscape.com)
  • In the intricate landscape of the human body, there exist tiny, hair-like structures that play a crucial role in maintaining our health and well-being. (fireblogz.com)
  • The factors governing the dosimetry of particles can be broadly grouped into two categories, one dealing with the physicochemical properties of the particles and the other with species-specifi c factors such as airway structure, ventilatory level, and mucociliary clearance and alveolar rates. (cdc.gov)
  • Planar cell polarity enables posterior localization of nodal cilia and left-right axis determination during mouse and Xenopus embryogenesis. (xenbase.org)
  • An ATPase called dynein transfers the energy generated during ATP hydrolysis into the mechanical labour required to beat cilia and flagella. (risingacademy.org)
  • The dynein arms press on the neighbouring outer doublets, causing a sliding movement to happen between adjacent outer doublets, using ATP generated by mitochondria near the base of the cilium or flagellum as fuel. (risingacademy.org)
  • The absence of outer dynein arms in the spermatozoa and airway cilia of humans with the Kartagener triad (ie, situs inversus totalis , sinusitis, and bronchiectasis) was also noted by Björn Afzelius (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The absence of outer dynein arms in the spermatozoa and airway cilia of humans with the Kartagener triad (i.e., situs inversus totalis , sinusitis, and bronchiectasis) was also noted by Bj ö rn Afzelius (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • The number of cilia on the cell surface is significantly greater (ciliated cells typically contain hundreds of cilia, whereas flagellated cells possess a single flagellum). (risingacademy.org)
  • In solitary cells, such as certain protozoans, cilia are utilised as a kind of propulsion (e.g. (risingacademy.org)
  • Cilia are slender, hair-like appendages found on the surface of many types of cells throughout the body. (fireblogz.com)
  • Cilia are found in various brain cells, and their dysfunction has been implicated in conditions such as hydrocephalus and certain neurodevelopmental disorders. (fireblogz.com)
  • The elongated cilium phenotype of Tsc1 −/− MEFs is likely due to increased mTORC1-dependent autophagic flux observed in these cells, as both the autophagic flux and the cilia length phenotype was restored by rapamycin. (springer.com)
  • This unique structure, found in vivo, in mature CNS oligodendrocytes, could account for a local awakening of some of the developmental proteome as it can be expressed in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. (unamur.be)
  • Cilia are microscopic, finger-like projections that stick out from the surface of cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Consistent with this, qRT-PCR confirmed that the expression of multiple genes involved in cilia biogenesis was significantly downregulated by diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione in NHBE cells. (nature.com)
  • It prevented cilia, which are hair-like structures in airways cells, from removing viral particles and mucus. (sciencedaily.com)
  • How ciliated cells affect assembly of mucus structures. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the cells are highly mobile, vary in mean size and structure during a 24 hour period, and affect the pH of the host's gut fluids differentially during day and night. (kenyon.edu)
  • There are large quantities of DNA in large cells, there is localization of DNA-specific stains to nucleoids, and fluorescence ratios indicate condensation of DNA when electron micrographs show darkly staining, elongate structures in the nucleoids [2]. (kenyon.edu)
  • In a multicellular organism, cilia or flagella can also extend out from stationary cells that are held in place as part of a tail goes into a layer of tissue. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. (mdpi.com)
  • The receptor cells are actually bipolar neurons, each possessing a thin dendritic rod that contains specialized cilia extending from the olfactory vesicle and a long central process that forms the fila olfactoria. (medscape.com)
  • These cells have small hairlike projections (cilia) that extend into the fluid. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Here we report that the flavoring chemicals induce transcriptomic changes and perturb cilia function in the airway epithelium. (nature.com)
  • Our study indicates that the two widely used e-cig flavoring chemicals impair the cilia function in airway epithelium and likely contribute to the adverse effects of e-cig in the lung. (nature.com)
  • Orthologous to human CFAP20 (cilia and flagella associated protein 20). (nih.gov)
  • IFT complex B made with the altered protein cannot function normally, which disrupts the transport of materials within cilia. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Oxidative stress associated with aging activates protein kinase Ce, leading to cilia slowing. (cdc.gov)
  • Selected proteins can operate normally thanks to cilia. (risingacademy.org)
  • WD-repeat proteins: structure characteristics, biological function, and their involvement in human diseases. (nih.gov)
  • This concept implies that olfactory receptor proteins are located in sensory cilia and in the axons. (jneurosci.org)
  • in the cilia recognizing odorous molecules from the environment and in the axons recognizing molecular cues in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
  • The olfactory bulb is a highly organized structure composed of several distinct layers and synaptic specializations. (medscape.com)
  • Cilia were stained using an acetylated alpha‐tubulin antibody (Sigma T6793) which labels the neurons and cilia . (xenbase.org)
  • Kidney cilia are pseudocolored in green while neurons and epithelial cilia are pseudocolored in red. (xenbase.org)
  • Acetylated tubulin labels both the cilia and neurons. (xenbase.org)
  • During embryonic development, cilia play a fundamental role in orchestrating complex signaling pathways. (fireblogz.com)
  • Targeting cilia-related pathways holds promise for the development of treatments for ciliopathies and other conditions influenced by cilia genetic disorders dysfunction. (fireblogz.com)
  • As research continues to unveil the intricacies of cilia function, we stand on the brink of a new era in which the manipulation of cilia-related pathways could offer novel therapeutic strategies and enhance our ability to promote and maintain human health. (fireblogz.com)
  • In the absence of the region required for cilia targeting, P/rds was prohibited from entering the secretory pathways and was retained in the Golgi apparatus. (jneurosci.org)
  • These cell structures play central roles in many different chemical signaling pathways, including a series of reactions called the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
  • DAVID pathway analysis revealed an enrichment of cellular pathways involved in cytoskeletal and cilia processes among the set of common genes (142 genes) perturbed by both diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione. (nature.com)
  • Control of selective entry into cilia may involve a sieve-like function of transition zone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transition zone structure and function is conserved across diverse organisms, including vertebrates, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this exploration, we delve into the fascinating world of cilia function and the profound implications these minuscule structures have on our overall health. (fireblogz.com)
  • Given the diverse roles of cilia in cellular function, it is not surprising that abnormalities in cilia structure and function can lead to a group of disorders known as ciliopathies. (fireblogz.com)
  • Exploring the role of cilia in brain function opens new avenues for understanding and potentially treating neurological conditions. (fireblogz.com)
  • As our understanding of cilia function deepens, so does the potential for therapeutic interventions. (fireblogz.com)
  • These experiments will place my lab in a unique position to push forward our understanding of the relationship between structure, function and dynamics of transport of this fascinating and fundamental organelle. (europa.eu)
  • The structure and function of cilia is shown here. (medscape.com)
  • Regular exposure to smoke can weaken your immune system, irritate your respiratory tract, and reduce other natural defenses, like cilia function. (healthline.com)
  • Cilia may also function as sensory organs. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The photoreceptor sensory cilium is recognized for fast membrane renewal, for which rhodopsin and peripherin/rds (P/rds) play critical roles. (jneurosci.org)
  • Because rhodopsin is known to traffic through conventional secretion, this study of P/rds suggests that both conventional secretion and unconventional secretion need to cooperate for the renewal of the photoreceptor sensory cilium. (jneurosci.org)
  • In Protozoa - a diverse group of single-celled, microscopic or near-microscopic protist eukaryotes that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals-those organisms with flagella ( flagellates ) are generally placed in the phylum Zoomastigina (or Mastigophora), whereas those with cilia (ciliates) are placed in phylum Ciliophora. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Despite their small size, cilia are mighty contributors to various physiological functions. (fireblogz.com)
  • Cilium trafficking of P/rds was sustained even when the Golgi functions, including trans -Golgi-mediated conventional secretion, were inhibited by the small molecules brefeldin A, 30N12, and monensin. (jneurosci.org)
  • The world around us, both natural and man-made, is filled with structures that respond to external stimuli and adapt their internal structures to perform specific functions. (espci.fr)
  • The cylinder of outer fibers continues from the basal body into the cilium, passing through a complex transitional region in which five distinct changes of structure occur at different levels. (rupress.org)
  • Although they beat in distinct ways, cilia and flagella are fundamentally identical. (risingacademy.org)
  • From maintaining the cleanliness of our respiratory tract to orchestrating developmental signals, these tiny structures have far-reaching impacts. (fireblogz.com)
  • It's considered an infection of the upper respiratory tract , which includes the structures of the nose, throat, and sinuses. (healthline.com)
  • Cilia are the hair-like structures in your upper respiratory tract that catch pathogens and foreign particles. (healthline.com)
  • Cilia are hairlike structures that line the airways and protects the normal lung. (nih.gov)
  • These whip-like organelles help protect humans from disorders like hydrocephaly and epilepsy, but scientists are puzzled by their structure. (scu.edu)
  • Arbitrarily used terminology include cilium, which means an eyelash, and flagellum, which means a whip. (risingacademy.org)
  • Loss of the PPM1H phosphatase that is specific for LRRK2-phosphorylated Rab GTPases yields the same cilia loss phenotype seen in mice expressing pathogenic LRRK2 kinase, strongly supporting a connection between Rab GTPase phosphorylation and cilia loss. (elifesciences.org)
  • Stentors and other ciliates use these to swim, beating them in unison to propel themselves, but that isn't all cilia can do. (listverse.com)
  • Hence, the cilia make a leftward swing at the fluid surface and a rightward swing at the cellular surface. (medscape.com)
  • Over time, this damage can reduce your cough reflex intensity , cause excessive mucus production, and impair cilia. (healthline.com)
  • It is unclear how unconventional secretion interplays with conventional secretion for the normal maintenance and renewal of membrane structures. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we provide evidence that P/rds is targeted to the cilia by an unconventional secretion pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • The unconventional cilia targeting of P/rds is dependent on COPII-mediated exit from the ER, but appears to be independent of GRASP55-mediated secretion. (jneurosci.org)
  • A region essential for this Golgi retention was also found in the C-terminal tail of P/rds and supported the cilia targeting of P/rds mediated by unconventional secretion. (jneurosci.org)
  • If unconventional secretion were to mediate the cilia trafficking of P/rds, then cooperation with the conventional secretory pathway that mediates the trafficking of rhodopsin would be required to ensure proper morphogenesis of the photoreceptive disk membranes. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cilia are absent in bacteria and archaea. (wikipedia.org)
  • To catch food, Stentors anchor themselves to floating debris or sediment, unfold their trumpet-like "mouth," and use a ring of modified feeding cilia to create a current that sucks in bacteria, smaller protists, and the occasional unlucky water flea. (listverse.com)
  • Additionally, the study of cilia opens avenues for drug discovery and the development of innovative therapies. (fireblogz.com)
  • This figure shows an electron micrograph of a cross section of a cilium. (cytochemistry.net)
  • e,f) Transmission electron microscopy showing sections through cilia . (xenbase.org)
  • Hedgehog signaling requires cilia, and loss of cilia in LRRK2 mutant rodents correlates with dysregulation of Hedgehog signaling as monitored by in situ hybridization of Gli1 and Gdnf transcripts. (elifesciences.org)
  • How the triplets in the basal body turn into the cilium doublet remains a mystery. (cytochemistry.net)
  • The foundation of the cilium is the basal body, a term applied to the mother centriole when it is associated with a cilium. (wikipedia.org)
  • In my laboratory, we study the chemosensory cilia of C. elegans, which sense water-soluble molecules in the animal's environment for chemotaxis. (europa.eu)
  • Do you or your child have PCD and want to help researchers better understand how cilia are formed? (nih.gov)
  • Researchers have reproduced the wafting motion of hair-like structures on cell surfaces with tiny magnetic rods and a rotating magnetic field. (aps.org)