• These massive doses can potentially introduce artifacts and overwhelm different trafficking routes such as tight junctions, stria vascularis, modiolus, basilar membrane, spiral ligament [16]. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • The stria vascularis is a nonsensory structure that is essential for auditory hair cell function by maintaining potassium concentration of the scala media. (jneurosci.org)
  • In characterizing the molecular differentiation of developing peripheral auditory structures, we discovered that hepatocyte growth factor ( Hgf ) is expressed in the future stria vascularis of the cochlear epithelium. (jneurosci.org)
  • The membranous labyrinth is anchored to the bony labyrinth at the spiral ligament, the lateral edge of the triangle, and at the lip of the osseous spiral lamina medially. (cdc.gov)
  • The cochlea, which houses the sensory organ for hearing, consists of a triangular-shaped, fluid-filled channel, the membranous labyrinth, that is housed within the bony labyrinth (otic capsule). (cdc.gov)
  • The membranous labyrinth spirals around a central bony canal, the modiolus, that contains the auditory division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (i.e., 8th cranial) and blood vessels to the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
  • One end terminates in the spiral ligament, a process of the cochlea's central column, while the other is connected to the bony wall of the cochlea. (cloudaccess.net)
  • There are certainly a few well documented instances of sclerotic lesions directly obliterating sensory structures within the cochlea and spiral ligament, which have been photographed and reported post-mortem. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mammalian inner ear contains sensory organs, the organ of Corti in the cochlea and cristae and maculae in the vestibule, with each comprised of patterned sensory epithelia that are responsible for hearing and balance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NGS of RNA from inner ear sensory epithelial cells led to the identification of 455 miRNAs in both cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelium, with 30 and 44 miRNAs found in only cochlea or vestibule, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By anatomical convention, structures toward the modiolus are medial while those toward the spiral ligament are lateral. (cdc.gov)
  • The cochlear canal is a spiral triangular tube, comprising two and one-half turns, which separates the scala vestibuli from the scala tympani. (cloudaccess.net)
  • 1966). The cochlea can also be embedded in plastic before dissection of the cochlear duct (Bohne and Harding, 1997). (cdc.gov)
  • Because of its small size, the mouse cochlea presents some advantages and disadvantages for cochlear preparation and microscopic evaluation. (cdc.gov)
  • Different cells are activated by different pitches because there is a stiffness gradient along the cochlear spiral. (amplexhearing.com.au)
  • The neurosensory structures involved in hearing and equilibrium are located in the membranous labyrinth: the organ of Corti is located in the cochlear canal, while the maculae of the utricle and the saccule and the ampullae of the semicircular canals are located in the posterior section. (cloudaccess.net)
  • The cochlear nerve crosses the inner ear canal and extends to the central structures of the brain stem, the oldest part of the brain. (cloudaccess.net)
  • 4 minutes 30 seconds, sufficient to perceive the nonenhancing spiral lamina, interscalar septa, and endolymphatic structures. (ajnr.org)
  • The best understood mechanism is fixation of the stapes footplate to the oval window of the cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 3 ] Both techniques allowed increased transmission of sound through the oval window but did not use middle ear amplification structures. (medscape.com)
  • The piston-like action of the stapes bone at the oval window sends a wave propagating through the spirals of the cochlea. (amplexhearing.com.au)
  • CSF sampling was performed by Actinomycin D irreversible inhibition incising the skin and soft tissue over the occipital bone, carrying the dissection down to the atlanto-occipital ligament which was exposed and incised, entering the cisterna magna. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • The origin of high-frequency activity of auditory brainstem neurons is the indefatigable sound-driven transmitter release of inner hair cells (IHCs) in the cochlea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The outer ear consists of the auricle, a cartilaginous skin-covered structure, and the external auditory canal, an irregularly-shaped cylinder approximately 25 mm long which is lined by glands secreting wax. (cloudaccess.net)
  • The primary form of hearing loss in otosclerosis is conductive hearing loss (CHL) whereby sounds reach the ear drum but are incompletely transferred via the ossicular chain in the middle ear, and thus partly fail to reach the inner ear (cochlea). (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods The guinea pig was chosen because its hearing and vestibular systems are very similar to those of humans, as well as its ease of handling and large size of the cochlea [17]. (insulin-receptor.info)
  • The coiled end (cochlea) relates to hearing. (amplexhearing.com.au)
  • It may result from direct injury to the cochlea and spiral ligament from the lytic process or from release of proteolytic enzymes into the cochlea. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the spatiotemporal expression of HMGB1 in cochlea with acoustic injury has not been systemically investigated. (frontiersin.org)
  • One genome-wide analysis associates otosclerosis with variation in RELN gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • It has a spiral shape reminiscent of a snail shell, and is pointed in the anterior direction. (cloudaccess.net)
  • However, the type and function of DAMPs in the cochlea following acoustic trauma is rarely clear. (frontiersin.org)
  • Due to its relatively independent function accompanying its different cellular localization, a deeper understanding of HMGB1 biology in the cochlea is indispensable for guiding future precise therapeutic interventions. (frontiersin.org)
  • a Experimental approach to the middle-ear, basilar membrane, and underlying structures of the cochlear partition in the round window region of the gerbil cochlea. (nature.com)
  • Relation of basilar membrane structure and hair cell tuning. (evokedpotential.com)
  • It stretches from the SPIRAL LAMINA to the basilar crest. (lookformedical.com)
  • The movement of fluid in the cochlea, induced by sound, causes displacement of the basilar membrane and subsequent stimulation of the attached hair cells which transform the mechanical signal into neural activity. (lookformedical.com)
  • Different cells are activated by different pitches because there is a stiffness gradient along the cochlear spiral. (amplexhearing.com.au)
  • Axelsson A, Ryan A (1988) Comparative study of the vascular anatomy in the mammalian cochlea. (springer.com)
  • Sound waves are captured by the outer ear which are funneled into the external auditory meatus which functions as an impedance transformer that facilitates transmission of airborne sound into vibrations of the fluid in the cochlea. (evokedpotential.com)
  • From their studies, it was known that the cochlea is composed of a bony labyrinth, within which is found the cellular structures comprising the membranous labyrinth. (springer.com)
  • The cochlea, which houses the sensory organ for hearing, consists of a triangular-shaped, fluid-filled channel, the membranous labyrinth, that is housed within the bony labyrinth (otic capsule). (cdc.gov)
  • The membranous labyrinth is anchored to the bony labyrinth at the spiral ligament, the lateral edge of the triangle, and at the lip of the osseous spiral lamina medially. (cdc.gov)
  • The primary form of hearing loss in otosclerosis is conductive hearing loss (CHL) whereby sounds reach the ear drum but are incompletely transferred via the ossicular chain in the middle ear, and thus partly fail to reach the inner ear (cochlea). (wikipedia.org)
  • The auditory system is highly complex, and disruptions at the level of the middle ear, cochlea, and central nervous system can result in variable degrees of hearing loss. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] Both techniques allowed increased transmission of sound through the oval window but did not use middle ear amplification structures. (medscape.com)
  • The ear consists of the outer ear (pinna), middle ear (external auditory meatus) and inner ear (cochlea) where the transduction (processing) of sound occurs. (evokedpotential.com)
  • The membranous labyrinth spirals around a central bony canal, the modiolus, that contains the auditory division of the vestibulocochlear nerve (i.e., 8th cranial) and blood vessels to the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
  • One genome-wide analysis associates otosclerosis with variation in RELN gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The total volume of the cochlea occupied by fibro-osseous tissue was 10.8% in the RW case compared with a mean of 30.6% (range 8.7%-44.8%, N = 9) in the CO/ERW cases. (bvsalud.org)
  • By anatomical convention, structures toward the modiolus are medial while those toward the spiral ligament are lateral. (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we present new, high-resolution optical measurements that directly map sound-evoked vibrations on to anatomical structures in the intact, living gerbil cochlea. (nature.com)
  • A more complete understanding is currently limited by the difficulty of measuring the sound-evoked vibrations of key structures in intact cochleae. (nature.com)
  • These structures are microscopic in scale and poorly accessible in vivo, and their vibrations are both small (~0.1-100 nm) and physiologically vulnerable 4 . (nature.com)
  • However, the molecular structure and pathways of the hearing system is largely undiscovered. (medscape.com)
  • The stapes performs like a piston with in and out motion that sets the fluid of the cochlea in motion. (evokedpotential.com)
  • b Histological section of another stapes, with otosclerotic accumulation at the anterior crus and overgrowth of the annular ligament. (entokey.com)
  • Skeletal muscle structures that function as the MECHANORECEPTORS responsible for the stretch or myotactic reflex (REFLEX, STRETCH). (lookformedical.com)
  • However, the type and function of DAMPs in the cochlea following acoustic trauma is rarely clear. (frontiersin.org)
  • H air cell ciliary linkages are spring-like structures signaling length and displacement of hair cells. (evokedpotential.com)
  • This place-based spectral analysis, or mechanical tonotopy, underlies the brain's ability to distinguish and identify sounds, even when multiple sound sources are present simultaneously. (nature.com)
  • Unfortunately for researchers, the structures of interest are housed in a rather inaccessible part of the skull, totally embedded in bone. (springer.com)
  • The skull also conducts sound (bone-conduction) which is useful for low frequencies however, neural transmission representation in the cochlea pushes beyond the physical limits of bone conduction. (evokedpotential.com)
  • Each location along the length of the spiraling cochlear partition is tuned, in a level-dependent manner, to its own characteristic range of frequencies: high frequencies stimulate the cochlear base, and low frequencies, the apex 1 . (nature.com)
  • Each contains a thickened free edge (vocal ligament) extending from the THYROID CARTILAGE to the ARYTENOID CARTILAGE, and a VOCAL MUSCLE that shortens or relaxes the vocal cord to control sound production. (lookformedical.com)
  • Because of its small size, the mouse cochlea presents some advantages and disadvantages for cochlear preparation and microscopic evaluation. (cdc.gov)
  • b Vibration measurements are made by aligning the OCT beam with discrete points spanning the length (red dots) and width (blue dots) of the twisting, tilting, and spiraling cochlear partition (yellow). (nature.com)