Structure virus assembly. Medical search. Frequent questions

Equine encephalosis virus is an Orbivirus, and as such encodes 4 non-structural and 7 structural proteins derived from 10 linear dsRNA genome segments. (wikipedia.org)
By analogy with Bluetongue virus, both these proteins may then be used to determine the serotype of EEV, of which seven have been identified to date. (wikipedia.org)
Also, observed variations in amino acid residues involved in interactions between envelope and membrane proteins on the virus surface correlate with their ability to undergo structural changes at higher temperatures. (rcsb.org)
Although the structures of rotavirus and other members of the Reoviridae have been extensively studied, little is known about the structures of virus-encoded non-structural proteins that are essential for genome replication and packaging. (nih.gov)
The second largest of the EEV genome segments, Seg-2, encodes virus protein (VP) 2, the larger of the 2 outer-capsid proteins. (cdc.gov)
The virus Manoharan and his team studied, which infects E. coli bacteria, is about 30 nanometers in diameter and has one piece of RNA, with about 3600 nucleotides, and 180 identical proteins. (sciencedaily.com)
The proteins arrange themselves into hexagons and pentagons to form a soccer-ball-like structure around the RNA, called a capsid. (sciencedaily.com)
How those proteins manage to form that structure is the central question in virus assembly. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers also noticed that the viruses tended to misassemble more often when there were more proteins flowing over the substrate. (sciencedaily.com)
How the individual proteins come together to form the nucleus is still an open question but now that experimentalists have identified the pathway, researchers can develop new models that explore assembly within that pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
Seven virus-encoded proteins have been identified that are components of IEV, and five of them are present in CEV or EEV. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The roles of these proteins in virus morphogenesis and dissemination, and as targets for neutralizing antibody are reviewed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
With cryoEM, structures of purified proteins and protein complexes can be routinely determined to near-atomic resolution using single particle analysis (SPA) method. (cam.ac.uk)
Using the collected sequence data, structural biologists have started working on solving structures of proteins that make up the virus. (predictioncenter.org)
most challenging proteins and domains - those where there is no experimental structure available and where comparative modeling techniques cannot be used. (predictioncenter.org)
A number of these proteins form part of complexes, and we anticipate a second phase will be generating models of these assemblies. (predictioncenter.org)
Together with Dr. Gaetano Montelione (Rutgers), John Tainer (MD Anderson), and Emily Tai (NIH), CASP has launched an initiative to provide structure information for some proteins with high biological significance. (predictioncenter.org)
For suitable proteins, Dr. Montelione and collaborators will obtain a few experimental structures, usually by NMR. (predictioncenter.org)
First, the experimental structures will aid investigators working on these proteins. (predictioncenter.org)
Third, for those proteins where experimental structure determination is not undertaken or unsuccessful, members of the CASP community will be invited to contribute structure models (CASP_Commons). (predictioncenter.org)
The suggested targets are proteins where the experimental structure will not be immediately available, and so models cannot be assessed in the traditional CASP way. (predictioncenter.org)
Molecular biologists view RNA structures and complexes with proteins to gain insight into RNA signal and message processing. (nature.com)
i ) Superposition is commonly used to compare two or more related structures-for example, two distinct states of the same protein, or, as shown here, two separate proteins with similar structure (PDB 1QCF and 1FMK ) 98 . (nature.com)
Viral proteins are made that redirect cellular machinery to establish sites for viral RNA synthesis, and concomitant virus particle assembly. (purdue.edu)
These represent a particular challenge given the difficulties associated with expressing and purifying membrane-bound proteins and achieving correct assembly. (jic.ac.uk)
Yet, some RNA strands can also fold to form ribozymes, 3D structures that could have guided life's chemical processes the way proteins do now. (elifesciences.org)
[4] Almost all icosahedral viruses have proteins on their capsids arranged in clusters of five and six, with a structure permitting at most 12 clusters of five, but papovaviridae, including HPV , have 72 clusters of five [5] This protein layout did not correspond to any spherical polyhedron known to mathematics. (wikipedia.org)
These patterns turned out to accurately predict the shape and size of the proteins, as well as the structure of packaged genetic material, for many viruses including Nodaviridae . (wikipedia.org)
The models turned out to be useful for studying the assembly of RNA viruses , which involves proteins binding to specific parts of the genome that end up in 3-dimensional locations [8] that can be determined mathematically. (wikipedia.org)
The method can quickly elucidate the structure of many relevant proteins for humans, and for understanding structures relevant to disease, such as the structures of viral capsids. (lu.se)
In the final paper, we developed tools to design capsid-like proteins called cages - structures that can be used for drug delivery and vaccine design. (lu.se)
By explicitly modelling the shapes of the subunits in the cage and matching the shapes with proteins from structural databases, we find that we can create structures with many different sizes, shapes, and porosities - including low porosities. (lu.se)
We design experiments to reveal the role of partners, ranging from ions through proteins, in systems ranging from single stranded DNA or RNA through large assemblies, like viruses. (rutgers.edu)

The last decade has been marked by two eminent discoveries that have changed our perception of the virology field: The discovery of giant viruses and a distinct new class of viral agents that parasitize their viral factories, the virophages. (mdpi.com)
The pattern of pentagonal and hexagonal protein clusters in the shell of this cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) corroborates a scheme developed by virology pioneers to classify and predict spherical virus geometry. (sciencenews.org)

The smallest genome segment, segment 10 (Seg-10), encodes NS3, which mediates the release of virus particles from infected cells, and NS3A. (cdc.gov)
The RSV capsid enclosing the viral genome materials is assembled from 1500 copies of the 237-residue RSV capsid protein CA. In vitro, tubular assembly can be obtained with the CA with similar underlying structural properties as the authentic RSV capsid. (dtic.mil)
The genome of camelpox virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The work builds on a discovery made in 2015 when scientists at the Universities of Leeds and York identified a set of encrypted signals in a plant virus with a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome. (leeds.ac.uk)
Professor Reidun Twarock, a mathematical biologist at the University of York s Departments of Mathematics, Biology, and the York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, explained: Previously scientists have assumed that the signals regulating the assembly of a virus were located in a unique area of the genome. (leeds.ac.uk)
Using a combination of biological insight and mathematical modelling, our study suggests that, by contrast, the mechanism relies on multiple dispersed sites in the genome that act together in a cooperative way to enable efficient virus formation. (leeds.ac.uk)
they show that the additional, hidden code responsible for virus formation is robust against such genome changes, and is conserved across different viruses in the same family. (leeds.ac.uk)
The top row shows the outside of the virus whilst the bottom row shows the inside of the virus where the RNA genome, the genetic code of the virus, is found. (leeds.ac.uk)
The images were important for the study as they show that the RNA genome, shown in red/pink, is structured within the virus. (leeds.ac.uk)
This was the first clue that the RNA genome plays an important role in the assembly of these viruses. (leeds.ac.uk)
As of the end of January 2020, the genome of the virus has been decoded. (predictioncenter.org)
In order to enable analyses of genome structure and evolution we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly using genetic linkage as well as (end) sequencing of long DNA fragments. (doe.gov)
Upon entry of a virus into a host cell, the environment of that cell promotes the disassembly of the virus leading to the release of its genome RNA. (purdue.edu)
Marburg virus (MARV) is a lipid-enveloped virus harboring a negative sense RNA genome, which has caused sporadic outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever in Sub-Saharan Africa. (uci.edu)
Retroviruses arguably belong to the most fascinating of all viruses because of their unusual and highly efficient mode of replication involving reverse transcription and integration of the viral genome and a complex system of transcriptional and post- transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. (powells.com)
Twarock hoped to go further than this, to model the three-dimensional protein structure and interior of viruses where their genome is packaged. (wikipedia.org)
Viral capsids are protein coats found inside viruses that contain and protect the viral genome. (lu.se)
The browser is an adaptation of our popular genome-browser visualization tool for this virus, containing many annotation tracks and new features, including conservation with similar viruses, immune epitopes, RT-PCR and sequencing primers and CRISPR guides. (cdc.gov)
Specifically, we investigate energetics, structure and mobility of the intra-capsid genome as well as mechanical properties of viral capsids, influenced by changes in physiological environment that are important for viral replication. (lu.se)

The research provides new insights into how to fight viruses and engineer self-assembling particles. (sciencedaily.com)
Glycoprotein (GP) is the major protective antigen of EBOV, and can generate virus-like particles (VLPs) by co-expression with matrix protein (VP40). (frontiersin.org)
The production of several different virus particles in the VV replication cycle represents a coordinated strategy to exploit cell biology to promote virus spread and to aid virus evasion of antibody and complement. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The image above shows the structure of the virus particles of human parechovirus (HPEV) and the closely related Ljungan virus. (leeds.ac.uk)
Briggs, M. Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis. (eurekaselect.com)
Shukla, D.D. Expression of potyvirus coat protein in Escherichia coli and yeast and its assembly into virus-like particles. (eurekaselect.com)
Chackerian, B. Virus-like particles: flexible platforms for vaccine development. (eurekaselect.com)
This review will explore the history and current status of plant-produced vaccine candidates against enveloped viruses to date, with a particular focus on virus-like particles (VLPs), which mimic authentic virus structures but do not contain infectious genetic material. (jic.ac.uk)
They detected tiny virus particles under the electron microscope in those specimens. (medscape.com)
In 1964, Epstein described the first human tumor virus when he found virus particles in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. (medscape.com)

Development of new or improved instruments, methods, and related software to elucidate 3D structures of macromolecules and macromolecular complexes. (nih.gov)
Peptides have also been applied to self-assembly, and it is of interest to explore such short sequences as building blocks of large, designed complexes. (mdpi.com)
The study of these complexes and assemblies in cells using cryoET STA , coupled with cryoFIB and correlative imaging, opens a new frontier in structural cell biology. (cam.ac.uk)
Retrieving higher-order structural features of macromolecular assemblies (MMAs), such as protein complexes and viruses, is of great interest. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
A program that focuses on the scientific relationship of physiological function to the structure and actions of macromolecules and supramolecular assemblies such as multienzyme complexes, membranes, and viruses. (ed.gov)

Our research group investigates mechanics of viral replication, virus-host interactions, virus assembly and disassembly within the host. (lu.se)

Be they SARS-CoV-2, HIV, or phages that infect bacteria, all viruses comprise at least two components: their genetic material-DNA or RNA-and a protective shell called a capsid. (acs.org)
To help understand the virus spread and function, the genetic and structrural studies are being carried out all over the world. (predictioncenter.org)
The proteinaceous structure of plant viruses allows the capsid structure to be modified by genetic engineering and/or chemical conjugation with nanoscale precision. (eurekaselect.com)
Furthermore, because of the antigenic and genetic diversity of 'Norwalk-like viruses'* (NLVs) and the inability to cultivate these viruses in cell lines, developing assays to detect the full spectrum of NLVs associated with outbreaks of gastroenteritis was not possible. (cdc.gov)
Genetic classification of "Norwalk-like viruses. (medscape.com)

By analogy with bluetongue virus (BTV), the Orbivirus type species, the virus serotype is determined by the specificity of interactions between VP2 and neutralizing antibodies generated during infection of the mammalian host. (cdc.gov)
Until now, no one had been able to observe viral assembly in real time because viruses and their components are very small and their interactions are very weak. (sciencedaily.com)
Today's tools are increasingly internet aware, often integrated tightly with structure databases ( Table 1 ), as well as with databases containing sequences and other features (for example, domains, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), interactions). (nature.com)
The MIPs are produced by various polymerization methods but in all cases specifi c interactions, molecular partitioning and polymer structure are key properties that we focus on. (lu.se)

These problems are being investigated in systems that range from bacteria and bacteriophage to yeast to human cells and their viruses. (berkeley.edu)
iPHoP: A Matchmaker for Phages and their Hosts Building on existing virus-host prediction approaches, a new tool combines and evaluates multiple predictions to reliably match viruses with their archaea and bacteria hosts. (doe.gov)
Immunoproteasomes play an important role in regulating the immune system's response to foreign invaders, such as viruses and bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)

Such studies, coupled with mature computational methods for structure prediction [23], have paved the way for a rational design of RNAs targeting a wide diversity of biological function [8, 2, 13]. (dagstuhl.de)
In this review, we focus on key biological questions where visualizing three-dimensional structures can provide insight and describe available methods and tools. (nature.com)

Furthermore, the similarity of EEV to African horse sickness virus, one of the most devastating pathogens of equids, warranted further investigation of the outbreaks and molecular characterization of the virus. (cdc.gov)
Due to strong polymorphism, RSV CA assemblies are challenging for structural characterization by techniques such as X-ray diffraction or cryo Electron Microscopy cryo-EM. (dtic.mil)

Despite the important roles of these partners, little is known about how they structure, or interact with nucleic acids. (rutgers.edu)

Manoharan and his team focused on single-stranded RNA viruses, the most abundant type of virus on the planet. (sciencedaily.com)

By modeling capsid assembly, researchers can understand weak points in the capsid's structure. (acs.org)

Consequently, VP2 and Seg-2 show sequence variations that correlate with serotype and, thus, can be used to determine the virus serotype ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
The molecular and sequence analyses reported here confirm the existence of EEV in Israel and identify the virus and its serotype, as well as its phylogenetic roots. (cdc.gov)
Owing to the discrete nature of RNA sequence and popular structural representations (e.g. secondary structure), RNA design has inspired the contribution of a large number of diverse algorithms [9, 20, 14, 4] for the inverse folding problem, i.e. the design of an RNA sequence which preferentially and effectively folds into a predefined (secondary) structure. (dagstuhl.de)
Nucleotide sequence of 21·8 kbp of variola major virus strain Harvey and comparison with vaccinia virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Sequence analysis, expression, and deletion of a vaccinia virus gene encoding a homolog of profilin, a eukaryotic actin-binding protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
j , k ) Increasingly many tools have an integrated, interactive sequence viewer, which helps users understand the relationship between sequence and three-dimensional structure. (nature.com)
In another paper, we developed methods to predict large cubic symmetrical protein assemblies, such as viral capsids, from sequence. (lu.se)
Sequence and genomic organization of Norwalk virus. (medscape.com)

Complex cellular structures like membranes, ribosomes, and viruses are all products of self-assembling mechanisms. (scripps.edu)
IEV is formed by wrapping of IMV with intracellular membranes, and is an intermediate between IMV and CEV/EEV that enables efficient virus dissemination to the cell surface on microtubules. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Those with structures by October 1, 2020 will be evaluated as regular CASP14 targets. (predictioncenter.org)

Here we present a near-atomic resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of mature DENV4. (rcsb.org)
The cryo-EM structure of the endocytic receptor DEC-205. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)

Geographic location of farms in Israel with horses showing signs of equine encephalosis virus (EEV) infection. (cdc.gov)
I will present our recent studies on HIV -1 capsid and its interaction with host factor cyclophilin A, cellular assembly of human reovirus and infection of SARS -Cov-2, to illustrate the power of integrated multiscale imaging from atoms to cells by cryo-electron microscopy. (cam.ac.uk)
In this context, pVNPs are safer than VNPs derived from mammalian viruses because there is no risk of infection or reversion to pathogenicity. (eurekaselect.com)
The " Hepatitis C virus infection" lab is looking for candidates to apply for an FPI contract to develop their PhD in the lab for 4 years. (csic.es)
Immunoglobulin M antibody test to detect genogroup II Norwalk-like virus infection. (medscape.com)

Electron Cryo-microscopy Structure of Ebola Virus Nucleoprotein Reveals a Mechanism for Nucleocapsid-like Assembly. (bvsalud.org)
Ebola virus nucleoprotein (eNP) assembles into higher-ordered structures that form the viral nucleocapsid (NC) and serve as the scaffold for viral RNA synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans, and no approved therapeutics or vaccine is currently available. (frontiersin.org)
1. The reform of WHO's work in emergencies was triggered by the recent unprecedented Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa. (who.int)
2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak and follow-up to the Special Session of the Executive Board on the Ebola Emergency. (who.int)

An introductory chapter provides a comparative description of the structure and morphology of infectious viruses. (powells.com)
This novel concept should allow a comparative discussion of the similarities and differences within this complex virus family regarding the specific aspects of formation of an infectious virion. (powells.com)
The individual chapters of the book deal with specific steps in the pathway of retroviral morphogenesis and maturation, starting at the time when the components of the virus have been synthesized within the infected cell and ending once the infectious virion has been released from the cell. (powells.com)
Infectious mononucleosis is a clinical syndrome caused mostly by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), or human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), which is a γ-herpesvirus. (medscape.com)
This finding allowed enhanced diagnostic accuracy of infectious mononucleosis, even if the exact virus had not been isolated. (medscape.com)
Structure of the gastric mucosa in acute infectious bacterial gastroenteritis. (medscape.com)

Comparison of the DENV4 structure with similar-resolution cryo-EM structures of DENV1 and DENV2 showed differences in surface charge distribution, which may explain their differences in binding to cellular receptors, such as heparin. (rcsb.org)
Using in vitro and cellular techniques, we present a mVP40 assembly model highlighting two distinct oligomerization interfaces: the (N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD)) in mVP40. (uci.edu)
Cellular studies of NTD and CTD oligomerization interface mutants demonstrate the importance of each interface in matrix assembly. (uci.edu)

Over half of all virus families have shells with icosahedral symmetry. (sciencenews.org)
The viruses appear to use these patterns because they are the most stable way of connecting multiple interacting layers that all have icosahedral symmetry . (wikipedia.org)

Numerous promising approaches to fabricating nanostructured films have been developed to enhance their surface and interfacial properties by achieving an appropriate combination of surface structure, morphology, and physical and chemical properties. (nature.com)

It will be opened by one of the most outstanding scientists in the field of structural biology, Robert Huber, and the following four days of sessions will include Folding and Function, Novel Structures, Advances in Microscopic Methods, Structural Molecular Biology, Structure-Based Drug Design, and Prediction and Simulation. (bio.net)
In a series of 3 papers, we analyzed the structure, developed structure prediction tools, and design tools, for different protein assemblies. (lu.se)
This method is based upon AlphaFold, a new AI tool that has revolutionized protein structure prediction. (lu.se)

Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito-borne virus, is responsible for millions of cases of infections worldwide. (rcsb.org)
The TWiVniks explain how the three-dimensional structure of the giant Cafeteria roenbergensis virus suggests a new mode of assembly, and the apparent elimination of dengue fever in an Australian city by release of mosquitoes harboring Wolbachia. (virology.ws)

A novel feature is the organization according to individual steps in the pathway of virus particle formation rather than according to individual viruses or virus groups as has been done in most previous reviews. (powells.com)
More recently, analysis of retroviral replication and in particular understanding the formation and composition of the virus particle has received additional attention because of the promise of retroviral vectors as vehicles for human somatic gene therapy. (powells.com)

Equine encephalosis virus (EEV) is a species of virus the Orbivirus genus, and a member of the Reoviridae family, related to African horse sickness virus (AHSV) and Bluetongue virus (BTV). (wikipedia.org)

Biochemical, biophysical, and mutational analyses revealed that inter-eNP contacts within α22-α23 are critical for viral NC assembly and regulate viral RNA synthesis. (bvsalud.org)
We report RNA-catalysed RNA synthesis on structured templates when using trinucleotide triphosphates (triplets) as substrates, catalysed by a general and accurate triplet polymerase ribozyme that emerged from in vitro evolution as a mutualistic RNA heterodimer. (elifesciences.org)
The triplets cooperatively invaded and unraveled even highly stable RNA secondary structures, and support non-canonical primer-free and bidirectional modes of RNA synthesis and replication. (elifesciences.org)

In the presence of clinically isolated influenza A virus (H3N2), the optical density of developed color was dependent on the virus concentration (10-50,000 PFU/ml). (nature.com)

Norwalk-like viruses' (NLVs) cause outbreaks of gastroenteritis and are spread frequently through contaminated food or water. (cdc.gov)
During the early 1970s, before the discovery of diarrhea-causing viruses, an etiologic agent could be detected only among a limited proportion of persons with gastroenteritis. (cdc.gov)
Subsequently, with the discovery of Norwalk virus ( 1 ), rotavirus ( 2 ), astrovirus ( 3,4 ), and enteric adenovirus ( 5 ), researchers began to recognize viruses as causative agents of gastroenteritis. (cdc.gov)
Although outbreaks of nonbacterial gastroenteritis were recognized as a public health concern, electron microscopy (EM) proved to be a tedious and insensitive method for routine examination for enteric viruses in stool specimens collected during outbreak investigations. (cdc.gov)

Prior to 2008, Equine encephalosis virus had been identified and isolated only in South Africa, where seven antigenetically distinct serotypes, EEV1-7, have been characterised. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] First isolated in 1967, Equine encephalosis virus appeared until recently to be unique to the South African equidae. (wikipedia.org)
In the case of Equine encephalosis virus, the transmission occurs via the Culicoides midges during a blood meal. (wikipedia.org)
During 2008-2009 in Israel, equine encephalosis virus (EEV) caused febrile outbreaks in horses. (cdc.gov)

The details of that self-assembly process could help researchers defeat the virus with antivirals or build protective shells for drug delivery. (acs.org)
The self-assembly of molecules that Rebek and co-workers observed in their study has become a focus of further research in the past half-decade. (scripps.edu)
Self-assembly can be used for the rapid construction of large and elaborate molecular structures, an approach that is widely used in what is referred to as combinatorial chemistry. (scripps.edu)

Points of Entry (PoEs) but there are wide areas which are porous making it challenging to curb imported Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus cases. (who.int)

Norwalk virus assembly and stability monitored by mass spectrometry. (medscape.com)

To facilitate the development of a vaccine, good knowledge of different DENV serotype structures is crucial. (rcsb.org)
They found that the details of the decoding mechanism appear identical in all strains of the virus, potentially allowing a single drug to treat them all, something that is not possible with a vaccine. (leeds.ac.uk)
structure and function, for identifying possible epitopes for vaccine development, and for evaluating possible drug targeting strategies. (predictioncenter.org)
John F. Enders and Measles Virus Vaccine-a Reminiscence -- Measles Virus Receptors -- Measles Virus and CD46 -- Measles Virus Glycoprotein Complex Assembly, Receptor Attachment, and Cell Entry -- The Measles Virus Replication Cycle -- Nucleocapsid Structure and Function -- Reverse Genetics of Measles Virus and Resulting Multivalent Recombinant Vaccines: Applications of Recombinant Measles Viruses -- Measles Virus Interaction with Host Cells and Impact on Innate Immunity. (epa.gov)
Much of this effort has focused on producing vaccine candidates against viral diseases, including those caused by enveloped viruses. (jic.ac.uk)
A fundamental problem in designing cage structures is achieving different architectures and low porosity, goals that are important for vaccine design and the delivery of small drug molecules. (lu.se)

A few years after Francis H. Crick and James D. Watson unveiled the structure of DNA in 1953, they rocked the fledgling field of molecular biology again with a bold notion: Viruses are, in part, structured as crystals are. (sciencenews.org)

Furthermore, we described the versatility of plant viruses, with innate immunostimulatory properties, in providing a huge natural resource of carriers that can be used to develop the next generation of sustainable vaccines. (eurekaselect.com)
Using the knowledge obtained from studying these processes, we are pursuing strategies for intervention of virus disease, such as the development of anti-virals and vaccines. (purdue.edu)
Resolution WHA64.5 (2011), in which the Sixty-fourth World Health Assembly adopted the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework for the sharing of influenza viruses and access to vaccines and other benefits (PIP Framework), requested the Director-General to report, on a biennial basis, to the World Health Assembly through the Executive Board, on progress to implement the resolution. (who.int)

A new theory of viral structure clarifies how just one type of protein assembly called a pentamer (multicolored cluster of five petals that each represents a protein) forms entire shells of viruses such as SV-40, polyoma, and human papillomavirus. (sciencenews.org)

But we still didn't know how that structure assembles itself. (sciencedaily.com)

The as-fabricated Au NP films were further applied to the colorimetric detection of influenza virus. (nature.com)
The response to the commercial target, New Caledonia/H1N1/1999 influenza virus, was linear in the range from 10 pg/ml to 10 μg/ml and limit of detection was 50.5 pg/ml. (nature.com)
For that, aspects of soft-ionizing techniques (nano-electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization), axial/orthogonal reflectron time-of-flight and high-resolution Orbitrap MS, top-down proteomics (ultraviolet photodissociation and higher-energy collisional dissociation), and mass-to-charge ratio/time-resolved imaging using pixelated Timepix and Timepix3 application-specific integrated circuit based detection assemblies were brought together. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Detection rates improved with the development of immunologic assays ( 6--11 ), and 19%--42% of nonbacterial outbreaks were attributed to Norwalk virus in targeted studies conducted during the late 1970s and 1980s ( 12,13 ). (cdc.gov)

28. The structure of the Advisory Group's Annual Reports to the Director-General and the Director-General's Biennial Reports to the World Health Assembly should be harmonized to simplify reporting. (who.int)
Sixty-Eighth World Health Assembly, Geneva, 18-26 May 2015. (who.int)
Many decisions are now made outside the World Health Assembly, the world's senior and most representative forum of global health discussion. (cdc.gov)

Our technique gives the first window into how viruses assemble and reveals the kinetics and pathways in quantitative detail. (sciencedaily.com)
The researchers compared these observations to previous results from simulations, which predicted two types of assembly pathways. (sciencedaily.com)

There, they showed that the capsule molecules they had created in a chemical reaction could form homodimers (a complex consisting of two identical molecules) that assembled spontaneously, resulting in an energy-minimized structure. (scripps.edu)
Importantly, mutations in Vpx which impaired nuclear localization also reduced virus replication in macaque macrophages, suggesting an important role of the carboxyl terminus of Vpx in nuclear translocation of the viral preintegration complex. (duke.edu)
The mature virus is a complex macromolecular machine designed to withstand harsh external environments yet be sufficiently facile to enter and disassemble into new host cells. (purdue.edu)
Protein assemblies are some of the most complex molecular machines in nature. (lu.se)

Vaccinia virus produces four different types of virion from each infected cell called intracellular mature virus (IMV), intracellular enveloped virus (IEV), cell-associated enveloped virus (CEV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). (microbiologyresearch.org)
The vpx gene products of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and of the closely related simian immunodeficiency viruses from sooty mangabeys (SIVsm) and macaques (SIVmac) comprise a 112-amino-acid virion-associated protein that is critical for efficient virus replication in nondividing cells such as macrophages. (duke.edu)
Viruses are usually made in an inactive "immature" form that relies again on the host environment for 'maturation' and virion release. (purdue.edu)
Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)

Assembly adopted decision WHA70(10) (2017) that, inter alia, commended the Review Group for the useful recommendations, and requested the Director-General to take them forward expeditiously. (who.int)

Although in this instance the animal is not in immediate danger, it must be treated in order to prevent the reemergence of the virus were the immune system to be challenged by another disease simultaneously. (wikipedia.org)
She has used language models to assess how readily SARS-CoV-2 variants will evade the immune system and employed topology to predict virus assembly and misassembly. (technologyreview.com)
This gene provides instructions for making one part (subunit) of specialized cell structures called immunoproteasomes, which are found primarily in immune system cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the PSMB8 gene greatly reduce the amount of protein produced from the PSMB8 gene, which impairs the normal assembly of immunoproteasomes and causes the immune system to malfunction. (medlineplus.gov)

In the rapidly evolving field of nanotechnology, plant virus nanoparticles (pVNPs) are emerging as powerful tools in diverse applications ranging from biomedicine to materials science. (eurekaselect.com)

For the first time, researchers have captured images of the formation of individual viruses, offering a real-time view into the kinetics of viral assembly. (sciencedaily.com)

Decades ago, when structural biology was still in its infancy, structures were rare and structural biologists often dedicated years of their life to studying just one structure at atomic detail. (nature.com)

The graph below demonstrates the antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)
Antibody response to Epstein-Barr virus. (medscape.com)

In addition, the isolation of virophages has led us to discover previously unknown features displayed by their host viruses and cells. (mdpi.com)
From a medical perspective, this encapsulation strategy holds promise for creating a technique using molecular shells to deliver drugs to target cells in fact, in a manner similar to that which viruses use, entering host cells and releasing their DNA inside. (scripps.edu)
The mode of entry of vaccinia virus into L cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Structural biology is rapidly accumulating a wealth of detailed information about protein function, binding sites, RNA, large assemblies and molecular motions. (nature.com)
Some aspects of structure visualization remain mostly the domain of the specialist, such as molecular motion and large-scale molecular assemblies. (nature.com)

She has used code-breaking strategies to predict protein structures and applied computational techniques to drug discovery. (technologyreview.com)

Scientists have spent their careers trying to understand how viruses, the ultimate nanomachines, build themselves from smaller components. (acs.org)
Steinmetz, N.F. Virus-Based Nanoparticles as Versatile Nanomachines. (eurekaselect.com)

The nucleus forms at different times for different viruses but once it does, the virus grows quickly and doesn't stop until it reaches its right size. (sciencedaily.com)
Different viruses are modelled by different subsets of the vertices of this lattice. (wikipedia.org)

During the early 1990s, breakthroughs in cloning and sequencing of Norwalk virus and Southampton virus ( 15--18 ) led to the development of sensitive molecular assays (e.g., reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]), nucleotide hybridization probes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) that used baculovirus-expressed viral antigens ( 19--33 ). (cdc.gov)
Norwalk-like viruses:" public health con- sequences and outbreak management. (cdc.gov)

It was known that, using rotations, virus protein patterns could be generated from a single shape by making copies of it and moving them around in ways that preserve the symmetry. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy18

Organisms97

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs45

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Proteins33

Virology2

Genome19

Particles10

Complexes5

Disassembly1

Genetic5

Interactions4

Bacteria3

Biological2

Characterization2

Nucleic1

Single-stranded1

Capsid assembly1

Sequence8

Membranes2

20201

Cryo-EM structure4

Infection5

Ebola5

Infectious6

Cellular3

Icosahedral2

Morphology1

Prediction3

Dengue2

Particle2

Bluetongue1

Synthesis3

Influenza A vir1

Gastroenteritis4

Encephalosis virus4

Self-assembly3

20191

Mass spectrometry1

Vaccine6

Molecular biology1

Vaccines3

Polyoma1

Assembles1

Detection4

World Health A3

Pathways2

Complex4

Virion4

20171

Immune4

Biomedicine1

Individual viruses1

Structural biologists1

Antibody2

Cells3

Large2

Computational1

Nanomachines2

Different viruses2

Norwalk2

Symmetry1