• In these high salt concentrations, the eukaryotic histone protein is eluted from a DNA solution in which single stranded DNA is bound covalently to cellulose. (wikipedia.org)
  • Following elution, the protein readily binds DNA, indicating the protein's high affinity for DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The role of single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) protein during DNA replication in Escherichia coli cells has been studied, specifically the interactions between SSB and the χ subunit of DNA polymerase III in environments of varying salt concentrations. (wikipedia.org)
  • In DNA replication at the lagging strand site, DNA polymerase III removes nucleotides individually from the DNA binding protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Currently, many more functions of bacteria DNA binding proteins have been discovered, including the regulation of gene expression by histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein, H-NS. (wikipedia.org)
  • HU is a small (10 kDa) bacterial DNA-binding protein, which structurally differs from a eukaryotic histone but functionally acts similarly to a histone by inducing negative supercoiling into circular DNA with the assistance of topoisomerase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The models of the active mitoribosome explain how mRNA binds through a dedicated protein platform on the small subunit, tRNA is translocated with the help of the protein mL108, bridging it with L1 stalk on the large subunit, and nascent polypeptide paths through a newly shaped exit tunnel involving a series of structural rearrangements. (nature.com)
  • To provide a representative reference for studying protein synthesis in the mitochondria of fungi, and to reveal how the mitoribosome functions in coordination with its translation partners, we determined structures of the translating mitoribosome from the representative fungal model organism Neurospora crassa . (nature.com)
  • ABCA4, also known as the Rim protein or ABCR, is an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter essential to vision. (elifesciences.org)
  • Catalyzed by primosome proteins such as PriA, PriB, PriC, DnaT, and DnaG, DNA replication restart pathways facilitate origin-independent reloading of the replicative helicase onto a repaired DNA replication fork in a process that involves coordinated protein and nucleic acid binding within a nucleoprotein complex called the DNA replication restart primosome [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Methicillin is of a class of antibiotics known as β-lactams which bind to the penicillin binding protein (PBP) of the bacteria. (randox.com)
  • Using molecular dynamics simulations of a comprehensive atomistic model cytoplasm we found that protein-protein interactions may destabilize native protein structures, whereas metabolite interactions may induce more compact states due to electrostatic screening. (elifesciences.org)
  • Protein-protein interactions also resulted in significant variations in reduced macromolecular diffusion under crowded conditions, while metabolites exhibited significant two-dimensional surface diffusion and altered protein-ligand binding that may reduce the effective concentration of metabolites and ligands in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
  • Research has shown that the ssDNA is stabilized by the interaction of SSB and the χ subunit of DNA polymerase III in E. coli, thus preparing for replication by maintaining the correct conformation that increases the binding affinity of enzymes to ssDNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, how mRNA binds to its dedicated channel, and tRNA moves as the mitoribosomal subunit rotate with respect to each other is not understood. (nature.com)
  • Binding of mRNA requires extended mitoribosomal proteins of the small subunit, and movement of tRNA is realized through additional proteins of the large subunit. (nature.com)
  • In molecular biology, bacterial DNA binding proteins are a family of small, usually basic proteins of about 90 residues that bind DNA and are known as histone-like proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since bacterial binding proteins have a diversity of functions, it has been difficult to develop a common function for all of them. (wikipedia.org)
  • in these processes, bacterial DNA binding proteins have an architectural role, maintaining structural integrity as transcription, recombination, replication, or any other DNA-dependent process proceeds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon further investigation, it was discovered that the amino acid composition of HU resembles that of eukaryotic histones, thus prompting further research into the exact function of bacterial DNA binding proteins and discoveries of other related proteins in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Initially, bacterial DNA binding proteins were thought to help stabilize bacterial DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • Amoxicillin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Resistance is caused by a change in penicillin-binding proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Evolutionary analysis comparing mitoribosomes from different species with bacterial counterparts, illustrates that the exit tunnel evolves via deletions in the rRNA and extensions of mitoribosomal proteins. (nature.com)
  • PriA is thought to recognize and bind to repaired DNA replication forks and D-loop recombination intermediates, facilitate assembly of the primosome complex by recruiting other primosome proteins, and catalyze duplex DNA unwinding using energy furnished by hydrolysis of ATP [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a Class I bacterial dioxygenases, benzoate dioxygenase like proteins combine an [2Fe-2S] cluster containing N-terminal ferredoxin at the end fused to an FAD/NADP(P) domain. (nih.gov)
  • The structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids are well characterized in vitro, but in vivo crowding effects remain unclear. (elifesciences.org)
  • This is particularly true of studies that have examined the arrangement of atoms in large molecules with elaborate structures like proteins or DNA. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, cells are densely packed with many different molecules and there is little proof that proteins keep the same structures inside cells that they have when they are studied alone. (elifesciences.org)
  • The model shows that some proteins have a much less rigid structure in cells than they do in isolation, whilst others are able to work together more closely to carry out certain tasks. (elifesciences.org)
  • H-NS is about 15.6 kDa and assists in the regulation of bacterial transcription in bacteria by repressing and activating certain genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
  • In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)
  • Furthermore, binding of SSB to DNA polymerase III at the replication fork prevents dissociation of SSB, consequently increasing the efficiency of DNA polymerase III to synthesize a new DNA strand. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been found that H-NS and RNA polymerase both bind to the P1 promoter and form a complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • When H-NS is bound with RNA Polymerase to the promoter region, there are structural differences in the DNA that are accessible. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondria are structures within cells that convert the energy from food into a form that cells can use. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This transcription initiation-factor structural module preorganizes template-strand ssDNA to engage the RNAP active center, thereby facilitating binding of initiating nucleotides and enabling transcription initiation from initiating mononucleotides. (osti.gov)
  • The penicillinase-resistant, or second-generation, penicillins are semisynthetic modifications of natural penicillins that are resistant to bacterial enzyme beta-lactamase, which accounts for typical penicillin resistance. (medscape.com)
  • The function of DnaT is not well understood, but it has been proposed that DnaT binding leads to dissociation of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from PriB through a competition mechanism, possibly exposing the ssDNA on the lagging strand template for reloading the replicative helicase, which ultimately leads to fork reactivation [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In E. coli, H-NS binds to a P1 promoter decreasing rRNA production during stationary and slow growth periods. (wikipedia.org)
  • We report that N. gonorrhoeae PriA's DNA binding and unwinding activities are similar to those of E. coli PriA, and N. gonorrhoeae PriA's helicase activity is stimulated by its cognate PriB, as it is in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
  • This finding is significant because N. gonorrhoeae PriB's single-stranded DNA binding activity is weak relative to that of E. coli PriB, and in E. coli , PriB's single-stranded DNA binding activity is important for PriB stimulation of PriA helicase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has also been found that H-NS can affect translation as well by binding to mRNA and causing its degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recruitment of PriB to a PriA:DNA complex stabilizes PriA on the DNA [ 6 ] and enhances its helicase activity through a mechanism that involves PriB's single-stranded DNA-binding activity [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These structures provide a molecular basis to understand many disease-causing mutations and a rational guide for new experiments to uncover how ABCA4 recruits, flips, and releases retinoids. (elifesciences.org)
  • This reduction in peptidoglycans results in the loss of the integrity of the bacterial cell wall and ultimately culminates in cell damage caused by high internal osmotic pressure. (randox.com)
  • As with penicillins, inhibits third and final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis by preferentially binding to specific PBPs located inside the bacterial cell wall. (medscape.com)
  • It interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis during active replication, causing bactericidal activity against susceptible organisms. (medscape.com)
  • Bacterial DNA replication restart pathways facilitate reinitiation of DNA replication following disruptive encounters of a replisome with DNA damage, thereby allowing complete and faithful duplication of the genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DNA replication restart pathways provide bacterial cells with a mechanism to reactivate replisomes that are disrupted in this manner [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Binds to one or more PBPs, which, in turn, inhibit cell wall synthesis and result in bactericidal activity. (medscape.com)
  • The AF form of SALSA had a more intact structure and contained peptides from the zona pellucida domain, which is involved in cell differentiation and oligomerization. (researchgate.net)
  • PBP is responsible for crosslinking between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine which forms the architecture of the bacterial cell wall. (randox.com)
  • Structure, modes of action, stability, and resistance to these plant compounds will be discussed as well as their application in food industries and possible technologies by which they can be delivered. (hindawi.com)
  • Understanding the structure and function of ABCA4 is important to uncovering the underlying mechanisms and facilitating therapy development. (elifesciences.org)
  • In particular, a different abundance of peptides corresponding to functionally important structures was found in the AF and intestinal SALSA. (researchgate.net)
  • While it remains unclear if N. gonorrhoeae PriB's weak DNA binding activity is required for PriB stimulation of PriA helicase, the ability of PriB to stimulate PriA-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis could play an important role. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we report the structures of human ABCA4 in two conformations. (elifesciences.org)
  • Benzoate dioxygenase reductase (BenDO) FAD/NAD binding domain. (nih.gov)
  • In dioxygenase FAD/NAD(P) binding domain, the reductase transfers 2 electrons from NAD(P)H to the oxygenase which insert into an aromatic substrate, an initial step in microbial aerobic degradation of aromatic rings. (nih.gov)
  • PriA belongs to the DExH family of DNA helicases and is well-conserved among sequenced bacterial genomes [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor that possesses weak antibacterial activity and acts as a competitive "suicide" inhibitor of many plasmid-mediated and chromosome-mediated bacterial beta-lactamases. (medscape.com)