Structural protein biosynthesis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Variant MobA proteins were characterized for their ability to support the synthesis of active molybdenum enzymes, to bind MPT and MGD, to interact with the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis proteins MobB and MoeA. (rcsb.org)
ATP + riboflavin ⇌ ADP + FMN ATP + FMN ⇌ diphosphate + FAD Eukaryotes usually have two separate enzymes, while most prokaryotes have a single bifunctional protein that can carry out both catalyses, although exceptions occur in both cases. (wikipedia.org)
Biosynthesis and intracellular trafficking of secretory and lysosomal/vacuolar proteins, glycosylation and other post-translational protein modifications as determinants of protein structure and function, catalytic properties and physiological functions of proteases and glycosylation enzymes, proteolysis and its pathological and biotechnological relevance, recombinant expression of biotherapeutics in plants, plant membrane protein biochemistry. (boku.ac.at)
Genes in region A encode enzymes for biosynthesis of the capsular polysaccharide, and genes in regions B and C are implicated in the translocation of the high molecular weight polysaccharides to the cell surface. (cdc.gov)
During her PhD, Enea specialized in structural enzymology working with urea cycle enzymes. (birmingham.ac.uk)
His latest research focused on the enzymes in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis . (imperial.ac.uk)
Both the structure of the PGs and the GAG chains, and the expression of the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation, vary between normal cells and tumor cells. (lu.se)

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane proteins that transmit the effects of extracellular ligands to effect changes in the intracellular G-protein signaling system. (gauss-centre.eu)
Our lab seeks to understand how the protein kinase family organises complex intracellular communication networks. (edu.au)
N-linked glycosylation is the most prevalent posttranslational modification of plasma membrane and secretory proteins and participates in many important biological roles such as protein folding, intracellular targeting, immune response, cell adhesion, and protease resistance. (jneurosci.org)
The intracellular form of CREG was found to lack an N-terminal peptide present in the secreted protein. (boku.ac.at)

She is also interested in the study of the structure-function relationships in proteins through crystallographic, biochemical and biophysical approaches. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Also, similarities and differences in rubber biosynthesis among the evolutionarily divergent rubber-producing species, Hevea brasiliensis, Ficus elastica and P. argentatum have been characterized from biochemical and structural perspectives. (usda.gov)
These classical biochemical approaches are now being supplemented by genomics and proteomics approaches, including reverse genetics in model systems, to functionally identify and exploit additional proteins and genes involved in rubber biosynthesis. (usda.gov)

The various lectures and Agora Talks covered topics as diverse as structural biology, color pattern evolution in animals, vaccination, and super-resolution fluorescent microscopy. (lindau-nobel.org)
A trio of Agora Talks on Tuesday tackled the latest trends in structural biology, the study of how biological molecules are built. (lindau-nobel.org)
Imaging techniques, which are used to view molecules in three dimensions, remain at the core of structural biology research. (lindau-nobel.org)
Robert Huber , who received the 1988 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for determining the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction center, kicked off the session with an overview of the past and present of structural biology. (lindau-nobel.org)
Richard Henderson began his esteemed career in structural biology 55 years ago, culminating in a much-deserved 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of cryo-EM. (lindau-nobel.org)
We employ a multidisciplinary approach including kinase biochemistry and biology, structural biology (X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy), assay development, high-throughput screening, proteomics, imaging and chemical biology to gain high-resolution insights into kinase/pseudokinase signaling proteins. (edu.au)
Recently chemical biology findings have highlighted the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis pathway as a promising novel target pathway to treat life-threatening fungal infections. (nature.com)
The Thirup group is part of The Center for Structural Biology, MBG, AU, and has many years of experience in X-ray crystallography. (au.dk)
Yonath introduced cryo bio-crystallography, a novel technique that became routine in structural biology, enabling intricate projects that were otherwise considered formidable. (chemistryviews.org)
Since 1988, she has been Professor of Structural Biology and since 1989 Director of the Kimmelmann Center for Biomolecular Assemblies at the Weizmann Institute. (chemistryviews.org)
Princeton President Shirley M. Tilghman delivered the 2008 Albert Einstein World Award of Science to Prof. Ada Yonath , Professor of Structural Biology and Director of the Helen & Milton A. Kimmelman Center for Biomolecular Structure and Assembly, at the Weizmann Institute for Science in Israel. (consejoculturalmundial.org)
Her work has revolutionized the field of structural biology and has given it wide-ranging applications, particularly in the development and design of new antibiotics. (consejoculturalmundial.org)

Briggs DC, Hohenester E, 2018, Structural Basis for the Initiation of Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis by Human Xylosyltransferase 1. (imperial.ac.uk)

Guojun Wang*, Jing Chen, Haining Zhu, and Jürgen Rohr* (2017) One-pot total synthesis of presteffimyinone, an early intermediate of the anthracyline antibioitc steffimycin biosynthesis. (fau.edu)
This review outlines aspects of the biosynthetzic pathway and genetic loci involved in xanthan biosynthesis, including the synthesis of the sugar nucleotide precursors, building of the repeat unit, as well as polymerization and export of the polymer. (caister.com)

While X-ray crystallography is still the method of choice to observe structural information from proteins, for instance, cryo-EM provides unique information regarding changes in conformation. (lindau-nobel.org)
Ada Yonath is known for her pioneering work in ribosomal crystallography, which focuses on protein biosynthesis. (chemistryviews.org)
Our research builds on hybrid use of state-of-the-art cryo electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography and advanced optical microscopy to elucidate blueprints of dynamic protein and principles of their assembly and cellular level interplay. (unibas.ch)
It is a prize that recognizes Prof Yonath's pioneering contributions to protein biosynthesis in the field of ribosomal crystallography and her introduction of innovative techniques in cryo-bio crystallography. (consejoculturalmundial.org)

Numerous review articles, including those in Annual Review of Biochemistry, Advances in Protein Chemistry, New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of Biological Chemistry, and Glycobiology have proved to be a wonderful resource for established glycobiologists as well as generating widespread interest to new investigators in the field. (glycobiology.org)

Several leads with promising activity have been identified, such as Leiodermatolide, Discodermolide and Microsclerodermin A. Primary tactics include cloning gene clusters from culture-dependent or -independent sources, determination of biosynthetic pathways, metabolic engineering of pathways, and functional and structural elucidation of key catalysts in pathways of interest. (fau.edu)
Major genomic deletions in independent eukaryotic lineages have led to repeated ancestral loss of biosynthesis pathways for nine of the twenty canonical amino acids. (elifesciences.org)
Previous studies have highlighted that EAA biosynthesis tends to be more energetically costly, raising the possibility that these pathways were lost from organisms with access to abundant EAAs. (elifesciences.org)
We designed codon-optimized biosynthesis pathways based on genes mined from Escherichia coli . (elifesciences.org)
Whole genome sequencing across the tree of life has revealed the surprising observation that nine essential amino acid (EAA) biosynthesis pathways are missing from the metazoan lineage ( Payne and Loomis, 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
Recent multi-omics studies have revealed the heterogeneity and complexity of tumor features such as their genetic mutations, transcriptome, proteins, and signaling pathways. (rsc.org)
1. Zeth K, Sancho-Vaello E, Okuda M. (2019) Metal positions and translocation pathways of the dodecameric ferritin-like protein Dps. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Prokaryotic riboflavin biosynthesis proteins are also known as the prokaryotic type-I FAD synthetases, which consist of a C-terminal riboflavin kinase (RFK) and an N-terminal FMN-adenylyltransferase (FMNAT). (wikipedia.org)
Structural basis for small molecule targeting of Doublecortin like kinase 1 with DCLK1-IN-1. (edu.au)
Two key focus areas of our research with outstanding relevance for human health are the mTOR kinase, the central regulator of cellular growth and proliferation, and fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis. (unibas.ch)

Molecular mechanisms involved in N. meningitidis capsule biosynthesis have also been identified, and genes involved in this process and in cell surface translocation are clustered at a single chromosomal locus termed cps . (cdc.gov)

Therapeutic exploitation of this pathway, however, is hampered by lack of structural information. (nature.com)
13 C-tracing verified de novo biosynthesis of valine and further revealed build-up of pathway intermediate 2,3-dihydroxy-3-isovalerate. (elifesciences.org)
In mammals, transport of CREG to these compartments was shown to rely on the M6P receptor pathway as typical for soluble lysosomal proteins. (boku.ac.at)

In the last years, Enea extended her expertise to the crystallization of peripheral and integral membrane proteins while working with proteins involved in the biosynthesis of the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis , endolysins and glycosyltransferases. (birmingham.ac.uk)
They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)

Serogroup-specific capsule biosynthesis genes located in region A have been published for serogroup X, and nucleotide sequences for serogroups E, L, and Z have been submitted to GenBank (accession nos. (cdc.gov)
Major downstream targets include fatty acid and lipid metabolism, protein and nucleotide biosynthesis. (unibas.ch)

Biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is required for anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane, and is essential for the integrity of the fungal cell wall. (nature.com)
GPI biosynthesis is a conserved process, required for anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane of fungi and thus essential for the integrity of the fungal cell wall in yeasts and molds 4 . (nature.com)

The development of recombinant henipaviruses expressing reporter fluorescence and/or luminescence proteins has facilitated the screening of such libraries. (cdc.gov)
The assay uses a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing NiV glycoprotein and a fluorescent protein. (cdc.gov)

Most of the ABCA4 gene variants that cause cone-rod dystrophy change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the ABCA4 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Most of these variants change amino acids in the ABCA4 protein. (medlineplus.gov)

Structure determination of complexes with adaptor proteins and their target motifs in the tails of the Sortilin and sorLA are ongoing. (au.dk)
The two complexes share the defining core mTOR protein but employ characteristic subunits, Raptor for mTORC1 and Rictor for mTORC2, for capturing input signals controlling and localization, as well as for recognizing specific targets for phosphorylation. (unibas.ch)
Studied on ribosomal proteins and elongation factor structure and function: Worked on 3D structures of elongation factor G (EF-G), ribosomal recycling factor (RRF), ribosomal proteins L1, L22, S8, TL5 and some mutants and complexes of these. (lu.se)
The X-ray structures of trimers of the protein and their complexes with various metals, single-particle electron microscopic structure of iron-free and iron-loaded 24-subunit oligomers. (lu.se)

SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)

In addition to mature glycan structure determination, the Spiro lab also focused on studies of dolichol-oligosaccharide precursor biosynthesis, transfer to nascent polypeptides via oligosaccharyltransferase, and early glycan trimming events in the ER as a basis for studies on ER glucosidases, exo-mannosidases, and the first identification and characterization of an endo-mannosidase involved in glycan maturation. (glycobiology.org)

The prokaryotic riboflavin biosynthesis protein is a bifunctional enzyme found in bacteria that catalyzes the phosphorylation of riboflavin into flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and the adenylylation of FMN into flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). (wikipedia.org)

This bacterial protein is functionally similar to the monofunctional riboflavin kinases and FMN-adenylyltransferases of eukaryotic organisms, but only the riboflavin kinases are structurally homologous. (wikipedia.org)
It functions as a structural component and is phosphorylated by RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 KINASES, integrating signals for cell growth and proliferation, especially during embryonic development. (bvsalud.org)

Studies on iron homeostasis in mitochondria: X-ray structures of yeast frataxin, a mitochondrial protein involved in iron storage and detoxification, also known as a factor in the neurodegenerative disease Friedrich's Ataxia. (lu.se)

beta-1,4-Gatactosyltransferase 7 (beta 4GalT7) is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans (PGs). (lu.se)

Heat shock protein 47kDa (HSP47) serves as a client-specific chaperone, essential for collagen biosynthesis and its folding and structural assembly. (preprints.org)

Also, we have examined the structural determinants for recognition of the sortilin and sorLA cytosolic tails by the adaptor protein GGA1. (au.dk)
An adaptor protein subunit of MTORC2 COMPLEX. (bvsalud.org)

Production and purification of the PEAK pseudokinases for structural and functional studies. (edu.au)
The compound targets the catalytic subunit Spt14 (also referred to as Gpi3) of the fungal UDP-glycosyltransferase, the first step in GPI biosynthesis, with good selectivity over the human functional homolog PIG-A. Jawsamycin displays antifungal activity in vitro against several pathogenic fungi including Mucorales, and in vivo in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis due to Rhyzopus delemar infection. (nature.com)
Combining experimental structural studies with functional analysis, we elucidate fundamental principles of multienzyme architecture & regulation and the role of protein assemblies for spatial organization of metabolism. (unibas.ch)
A landmark example are giant eukaryotic fatty acid synthases (FASs), which comprise seven types of functional domains and carry out more than 40 reaction steps for the biosynthesis of fatty acids from acetyl- and malonyl-CoA. (unibas.ch)

Eukaryotic lipid and fatty acid metabolism remains a critical challenge for studies at the atomic, molecular and cellular scale: In contrast to simple prokaryotic systems, fatty acid metabolism in eukaryotes builds upon large multienzymes, which integrate multiple catalytic activities into giant proteins. (unibas.ch)

a Negative-stain EM of TRPV2 reconstituted into soy polar lipids at a lipid-to-protein ratio of 0.7. (nanoworld.com)
Later steps of lipid metabolism are occurring in membrane space and rely on membrane-integral or -associated proteins. (unibas.ch)
Molday RS, Zhang K. Defective lipid transport and biosynthesis in recessive and dominant Stargardt macular degeneration. (medlineplus.gov)

Several mutations in the N terminus of the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin disrupt NXS/T consensus sequences for N-linked glycosylation (located at N2 and N15) and cause sector retinitis pigmentosa in which the inferior retina preferentially degenerates. (jneurosci.org)
Here we examined the role of rhodopsin glycosylation in biosynthesis, trafficking, and retinal degeneration (RD) using transgenic Xenopus laevis expressing glycosylation-defective human rhodopsin mutants. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, glycosylation was not crucial for rhodopsin biosynthesis or trafficking. (jneurosci.org)
Mutations affecting glycosylation of the heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin are associated with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a disease characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. (jneurosci.org)
Both studies suggest that defects in rhodopsin glycosylation are associated with impairment of protein folding or stability. (jneurosci.org)

To determine the structural requirements for beta 4GalT7 activity, we have cloned and expressed the enzyme and designed a focused library of 2-naphthyl beta-D-xylopyranosides with modifications of the xylose moiety. (lu.se)

The biological system is complex with many regulatory features such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic features such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (rsc.org)

Such compounds will be valuable tools for the exploration of GAG and PG biosynthesis and a starting point for development of anti-tumor agents. (lu.se)

In this system, large combinatorial libraries of macrocyclic molecules are biosynthesized in Escherichia coli cells and simultaneously screened for their ability to rescue pathogenic protein misfolding and aggregation using a flow cytometric assay. (nature.com)

The ABCA4 protein transports potentially toxic substances that can damage photoreceptors. (medlineplus.gov)
The ABCA4 protein removes one of these substances, called N-retinylidene-PE, from photoreceptors. (medlineplus.gov)

The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)
Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)

School and Senior Investigator Emeritus, Joslin Diabetes Center) accomplishments include broad-based fundamental studies on glycoprotein structure, function, and biosynthesis that have had profound and long-lasting impact to the field of glycobiology. (glycobiology.org)

Crystal structures often deviate from the natural system: Proteins, especially membrane-bound ones, do not necessarily crystallize in their biologically active structures and the measures needed to obtain suitable GPCR crystals tend to increase the diversity between the natural environment and the crystal. (gauss-centre.eu)
Studies on these proteins, and microheterogeneity of glycan structures on alpha2-macroglobulin, led to major insights in the assembly and processing of N‐glycans. (glycobiology.org)
2017) Structural remodeling and oligomerization of human cathelicidin on membranes suggest fibril-like structures as active species. (birmingham.ac.uk)

abstract = "The 1.5 {\AA} resolution crystal structure of DynU16, a protein identified in the dynemicin-biosynthetic gene cluster, is reported. (uky.edu)

Erhard Hohenester is a structural biologist investigating the assembly, structure, and function of extracellular matrix. (imperial.ac.uk)

In addition to structural genes required for tylosin production, the tyl cluster contains three resistance determinants and several regulatory genes. (nih.gov)

These results establish that CREG is a lysosomal protein that undergoes proteolytic maturation in the course of its biosynthesis, carries the M6P recognition marker and depends on the interaction with M6P receptors for efficient delivery to lysosomes. (boku.ac.at)

The research in my group focuses on the biosynthesis and biocatalysis of marine natural products, especially those with potential applications in medicine, veterinary medicine and agriculture. (fau.edu)

The 1.5 Å resolution crystal structure of DynU16, a protein identified in the dynemicin-biosynthetic gene cluster, is reported. (uky.edu)

Protein Expression and Purification. (wikipedia.org)
2016) Plant expression of cocaine hydrolase-Fc fusion protein for treatment of cocaine abuse. (fau.edu)
In this review, we discuss considerations of the study design for each data feature, the limitations in gene and protein abundance and their rate of expression, the current data integration methods, and microbiome influences on gene and protein expression. (rsc.org)
In addition to the host regulatory mechanisms response to disease, the microbiome can make changes to the expression of the host features such as their genes, proteins, and/or PTMs. (rsc.org)

Here, we use a reporter gene-based screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the discovery of antifungal inhibitors of GPI-anchoring of proteins, and identify the oligocyclopropyl-containing natural product jawsamycin (FR-900848) as a potent hit. (nature.com)

Journal Article] Structure of a BAG6 (Bcl-2-associated Athanogene 6)-Ubl4a (Ubiquitin-like Protein 4a) Complex Reveals a Novel Binding Interface That Functions in Tail-anchored Protein Biogenesis. (nii.ac.jp)
Highlights of research in the Spiro lab include the first studies on the glyco portion of serum proteins, including groundbreaking studies on fetuin and thyroglobulin, demonstrating both high mannose and complex glycans on the same protein. (glycobiology.org)

Current work focusses on high-resolution structural studies and analysis of transient interaction dynamics to reveal principles of substrate recognition, regulation and localization. (unibas.ch)

In our search for potentially tumour-suppressive M6P/IGF2R interaction partners, we identified an essentially uncharacterized M6P-modified protein previously named Cellular Repressor of E1A-stimulated Genes (CREG). (boku.ac.at)

In 1974, she moved to the Department of Structural Chemistry, where she held an associate professorship from 1984. (chemistryviews.org)

2017) Structural Snapshots and Loop Dynamics along the Catalytic Cycle of Glycosyltransferase GpgS. (birmingham.ac.uk)

Venkatraman "Venki" Ramakrishnan (born 1952) is a British-American structural biologist . (wikipedia.org)

The PGs consist of a core protein, with one or several GAG chains attached. (lu.se)
The biosynthesis of GAG chains is initiated by xylosylation of a serine residue of the core protein, followed by galactosylation by beta 4GalT7. (lu.se)

Anatomy21

Organisms42

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Enzymes7

Intracellular4

Biochemical3

Biology12

Glycosaminoglycan Biosynthesis1

Synthesis2

Crystallography4

Biochemistry1

Pathways7

Kinase3

Genes involved1

Pathway3

Integral membrane2

Nucleotide2

Plasma membrane2

Recombinant2

Amino acids2

Complexes4

Classification1

Characterization1

Bacteria1

Kinases2

Mitochondria1

Proteoglycans1

Collagen1

Adaptor protein2

Functional4

Fatty1

Lipid3

Glycosylation5

Enzyme1

Metabolites1

Tumor1

Escherichia1

Substances2

MRNA2

Glycoprotein1

Structures3

Abstract1

Extracellular1

Determinants1

Receptors1

Focuses1

Biosynthetic1

Expression4

Inhibitors1

Complex2

Regulation1

Cellular1

Chemistry1

Catalytic1

Biologist1

Core protein2