AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
ChromosomesChromosome MappingChromosome BandingX ChromosomeChromosome AberrationsSex ChromosomesChromosomes, Human, Pair 1Chromosomes, HumanChromosomes, BacterialChromosome SegregationChromosomes, Human, Pair 7Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6Chromosome DeletionChromosomes, Human, Pair 9Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21Chromosomes, FungalChromosomes, PlantBase SequenceChromosomes, Human, 6-12 and XChromosome PairingChromosomes, Human, Pair 2Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16Molecular Sequence DataChromosomes, Human, Pair 22Chromosomes, MammalianChromosomes, Human, Pair 13Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8Chromosomes, Human, YChromosome DisordersChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialChromosomes, Human, XChromosomes, Human, Pair 12Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5Chromosome PaintingChromosomes, Human, 1-3Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15KaryotypingChromosomes, Human, Pair 14DNAChromosomes, Human, Pair 18In Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceChromosomes, Human, Pair 20Chromosomes, Human, 16-18Chromosomes, Artificial, YeastGenetic LinkageChromosomes, Human, 13-15Chromosome BreakageChromosomes, Human, 21-22 and YRecombination, GeneticGenetic MarkersChromosome InversionRing ChromosomesChromosome PositioningMutationChromosomes, Human, 4-5X Chromosome InactivationCentromereMeiosisDNA ReplicationChromosomes, InsectTranslocation, GeneticAmino Acid SequenceHybrid CellsNucleic Acid ConformationCloning, MolecularMitosisDNA, Single-StrandedNucleic Acid HybridizationChromosome StructuresChromosomes, Human, 19-20AneuploidyMetaphaseModels, GeneticEscherichia coliPedigreeMicrosatellite RepeatsPhenotypeCrosses, GeneticLod ScoreDNA-Binding ProteinsAllelesPlasmidsSequence Analysis, DNAPolymerase Chain ReactionTelomereDNA, BacterialDNA DamageRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidGenesTranscription, GeneticBlotting, SouthernTrisomyBase PairingGenotypeDNA Probes
2023GeneAutosomesMutationsGeneticMoleculeGenes and chromosomesStructure of chromosomesSegregationReplicationRecombinationSequencesGenome ProjectProteinChromosomalTelomereCentromereSister chromatidsGenomicsPerson'sLociSequenceAdenineTrisomy 18Deoxyribonucleic acidMeioticNucleotidesPatauTightlyComplementaryExonsCell'sCarriesProteinsCopiesConsistsCellEpigeneticMammalianSuperfamilyGenotypeMitochondriaNucleusMaturationAnnotationOncogeneBaseContributesStructuralCircularTumorSpecific genesPlasmidsBiologicalBiologyBodiesMoleculesGeneticsSingle
20232
Gene28
  • PROSER1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROSER1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human Gene Database. (wikipedia.org)
  • Claim 16: A pair of single-stranded DNA primers for determination of a nucleotide sequence of a BRCA1 gene by a polymerase chin reaction, the sequence of said primers being derived from human chromosome 17q, wherein the use of said primers in a polymerase chain reaction results in the synthesis of DNA having all or part of the sequence of the BRCA1 gene. (patentdocs.org)
  • Claim 17: The pair of primers of claim 16 wherein said BRCA1 gene has the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:1. (patentdocs.org)
  • A pair of single-stranded DNA primers of at least 15 nucleotides in length for determination of the nucleotide sequence of a BRCA2 gene by a polymerase chain reaction, the sequence of said primers being isolated from human chromosome 13, wherein the use of said primers in a polymerase chain reaction results in the synthesis of DNA comprising all or at least 15 contiguous nucleotides of the BRCA2 gene. (patentdocs.org)
  • The gene occurs in the same position on each chromosome. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Dominant traits are controlled by 1 gene in the pair of chromosomes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Recessive traits need both genes in the gene pair to work together. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system consists of a DNA-cutting enzyme called Cas9 and a short RNA strand that guides the enzyme to a specific area of the genome, directing Cas9 where to make its cut. (sflorg.com)
  • The MIT team wanted to develop a tool that could cut out a defective gene and replace it with a new one without inducing any double-stranded DNA breaks. (sflorg.com)
  • The Yokomori laboratory investigates the mechanisms of chromosome structural organization and how they affect DNA repair and gene regulation in human health and disease. (uci.edu)
  • 13 14 Although p16 INK4a is most frequently inactivated by homozygous deletion, point mutations or somatic methylation of 5′ regulatory regions are also important mechanisms of gene inactivation. (bmj.com)
  • If a condition is described as autosomal, this means the altered gene causing the condition is located on one of the autosomal chromosomes (autosomes), chromosomes 1 to 22. (genepeople.org.uk)
  • The characterization of new miRNA target genes and a unique profile for crasiRNAs has allowed for insight into multiple RNA mediated processes in the tammar, including gene regulation, species incompatibilities, centromere and chromosome function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Small RNAs play important roles in many aspects of pre- and post-transcriptional gene regulation, epigenetic modifications, chromosome segregation and genome structure. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first class of small RNAs identified were the micro RNAs (miRNAs), which are small (~22 nt) non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by base pairing to mRNAs where they direct either mRNA cleavage or repress translation [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The EBI hosts the The Protein and Nucleotide Database Group (PANDA) providing all its sequence resources and The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC), the only worldwide authority that assigns standardised nomenclature to human genes. (web3.lu)
  • All homologous chromosome pairs contain two variant forms of the same gene , called " alleles ," which are passed down from parent to offspring. (amboss.com)
  • Chromosome 1 is gene-dense, with 3,141 genes and 991 pseudogenes, and many coding sequences overlap. (inra.fr)
  • Our analysis suggests that both inter- and intrachromosomal segmental duplications have impacted on the gene count on chromosome 10. (inra.fr)
  • AceView: gene:him-8, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView. (nih.gov)
  • I shut each door that has been opened to allow evil to affect each base, base pair, gene, chromosome, and my entire DNA. (aslansplace.com)
  • I ask You to open all doors that should be opened to each base, base pair, gene, chromosome, and my entire DNA so the righteous gates cannot be closed. (aslansplace.com)
  • I declare the correction of each base, base pair, gene, chromosome, and my entire DNA is accomplished by the finished work of Jesus Christ on the cross. (aslansplace.com)
  • β-thalassemia results from numerous mutations or rarely deletions of the β globin gene on chromosome 11. (scirp.org)
  • Sickle cell disease ( SCD ) is considered as one of the commonest gene disorders of human beings. (scirp.org)
  • Sickle cell disease is an inherited genetic disorder, resulting from homozygous and compound heterozygote mutation in the β globin gene as a single base-pair point mutation (GAG to GTG) results in the substitution of glutamic acid (hydrophilic) to Valine (hydrophobic) in the 6th position of the β-chain of hemoglobin resulting in hemoglobin S formation [7]. (scirp.org)
  • Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)
Autosomes3
Mutations9
  • Mutations occur rarely, and in order for a cell to become cancerous - this is calculated for human fibroblasts - about 100 divisions must occur (this number of divisions usually occurs in a person at about the age of 40) [5]. (vechnayamolodost.ru)
  • These had all been previously screened for the presence of p53 mutations in exons 2 and 4-11 by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing as previously described. (bmj.com)
  • However, recently it became apparent that the mitochondrial genome, despite its small size, is crucial for the study of human evolution and disease, as mtDNA mutations lead to some serious diseases. (bartleby.com)
  • Rearrangements and mutations of chromosome 1 are prevalent in cancer and many other diseases. (inra.fr)
  • Assessment of single base changes between the human chromosome 10 and chimpanzee sequence revealed nonsense mutations in only 21 coding genes with respect to the human sequence. (inra.fr)
  • Human telomere biology disorders (TBD)/short telomere syndromes (STS) are heterogeneous disorders caused by inherited loss-of-function mutations in telomere-associated genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations of the C-terminal domain were evaluated using both single- and double stranded (ss and ds) substrates in recombination assays. (nature.com)
  • Short tandem repeats (STRs) compose approximately 3% of the genome, and mutations at STR loci have been linked to dozens of human diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, Huntington disease, and fragile X syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is possible that each of these mechanisms contributes to the high mutation rate of STRs, but strand slippage is the mechanism proposed for generating most observed mutations in STR loci [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic11
  • A chromosome disorder is caused by an alteration in the number or genetic structure of chromosomes. (trisomy.org)
  • The latest company targeted by Myriad Genetics for offering a genetic diagnostic test encompassing the human BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes is Invitae Corp. located in San Francisco. (patentdocs.org)
  • Seven of the 13 White look-alike doubles did not cluster genetically, indicating alternative purposes for shared genetic variation between look-alike pairs. (news-medical.net)
  • DNA is made out of two long, twisted strands that contain complementary genetic information (like a picture and its negative). (achievingthedream.org)
  • Human genetic data is becoming more prevalent and easy to obtain. (achievingthedream.org)
  • ENCODE Research Consortium Uncovers Surprises Related to Organization and Function of Human Genetic Blueprint. (nih.gov)
  • Each human cell contains 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (corresponding in structure and genetic information, i.e., 23 chromosomes are inherited from each parent). (amboss.com)
  • Genes are strands of DNA of varying length and are the genetic material inherited from your parents. (genuitysci.com)
  • Genetic polymorphism in the intergenic region (HBS1L-MYB) between GTP-binding elongation factor HBS1L and myeloblastosis oncogene MYB on chromosome 6q is associated with high fetal hemoglobin levels. (scirp.org)
  • Early clonal genetic events in benign hyperplastic lesions show losses at chromosomes 9p21 and 3p. (medscape.com)
  • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the cell's genetic material, contained in chromosomes within the cell nucleus and mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
Molecule4
Genes and chromosomes1
Structure of chromosomes1
  • and elements that maintain the structure of chromosomes and mediate the dynamics of their replication. (nih.gov)
Segregation2
Replication5
  • RPA1 is a single-strand DNA-binding protein required for DNA replication and repair and involved in telomere maintenance. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is well known that the products of chromosome replication are paired to ensure that the sisters segregate away from each other during mitosis. (rupress.org)
  • The identification of both replication factor C and DNA helicases as critical for sister chromatid pairing has brought new insights into this fundamental process. (rupress.org)
  • For instance, DNA replication and DNA damage checkpoints delay cell cycle progression until each chromosome is fully replicated and physically intact. (rupress.org)
  • Thus, the products of chromosome replication (sister chromatids) generated during S-phase must be identified over time until mitosis when sisters associate with the mitotic spindle and segregate away from each other into the newly forming daughter cells. (rupress.org)
Recombination6
  • Furthermore, AtRAD54, which performs an important role in the homologous recombination repair pathway, was involved in the pairing of homologous loci with γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
  • Our analysis illustrates the autosomal origin of the mammalian sex chromosomes, the stepwise process that led to the progressive loss of recombination between X and Y, and the extent of subsequent degradation of the Y chromosome. (inra.fr)
  • Single strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) like Redβ initiate homologous recombination by annealing complementary DNA strands. (nature.com)
  • As opposed to single strand (ss) DNA binding proteins such as SSB and RPA, which protect and occlude ssDNA from recombination, RAD52/Redβ SSAPs promote recombination and share several biochemical similarities. (nature.com)
  • In addition, some of the MMR components participate in recombination and double-strand break repair as well as cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • [ 7 , 8 ] Sister chromatid exchanges are considered a sensitive indicator for cell genome instability, as they are thought to be the outcome of DNA double-strand breaks resulting from homologous recombination repair. (medscape.com)
Sequences4
  • This could have significant implications for efforts to identify the DNA sequences involved in many human diseases. (nih.gov)
  • These and other studies of human biology and disease encoded within chromosome 1 are made possible with the highly accurate annotated sequence, as part of the completed set of chromosome sequences that comprise the reference human genome. (inra.fr)
  • We estimate that more than 95.4% of the protein-coding genes of this chromosome have been identified, on the basis of comparison with other vertebrate genome sequences. (inra.fr)
  • begingroup$ I suppose you might want to rephrase your question to ask whether the chromosomes are sometimes shortened enough so that coding sequences or regulatory sequences get stripped. (stackexchange.com)
Genome Project3
  • The completion of the Human Genome Project in April 2003 was a major achievement, but the sequencing of the genome marked just the first step toward the goal of using such information to diagnose, treat and prevent disease. (nih.gov)
  • The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year international scientific research project coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). (web3.lu)
  • This became known as the Human Genome Project. (genuitysci.com)
Protein13
  • According to the Human Protein Atlas, PROSER1 has general cytoplasmic expression and is expressed in all RNA tissue categories. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Human Protein Atlas. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is located on chromosome 9p21 and its three exons encode a 156 amino acid, 15.8 kDa protein. (bmj.com)
  • The mature miRNA is then loaded onto an Argonaute protein (Ago2 in humans) where it then interacts with and regulates the mRNA target. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The protein-coding component of these genes makes up just a small fraction of the human genome - 1.5 percent to 2 percent. (nih.gov)
  • MSH2 expression is frequently elevated due to genomic amplification or gain-of-expression in BLBC, which results in increased MSH2 protein to pair with MSH6 (collectively referred to as MutSα). (bvsalud.org)
  • We showed that RPA1E240K and RPA1V227A proteins exhibit increased binding to single-strand and telomeric DNA, implying a gain in DNA-binding function, whereas RPA1T270A has binding properties similar to wild-type protein. (bvsalud.org)
  • Only 1.5% of nucleic acids in human genome are used for protein encoding, but other 98.5% of the genome does not encode proteins. (jcancer.org)
  • Mouse over the nucleotide or protein sequence below and click on the highlighted codon or residue to select the pair. (nih.gov)
  • DMC1 is a necessary meiotic specific protein for homologous chromosome pairing and recombinant repair during meiosis. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • 1. Prentiss M,Prévost C,Danilowicz C.Structure/function relationships in RecA protein-mediated homology recognition and strand exchange[J].Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2015,50(6):453-476. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • Protein synthesis is controlled by genes, which are contained on chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chromosomes Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body or the code for functional ribonucleic. (msdmanuals.com)
Chromosomal4
  • However, this process requires cells to make double-stranded breaks in their DNA, which can cause chromosomal deletions or rearrangements that are harmful to cells. (sflorg.com)
  • Telomeres are protective DNA structures that are located at the end of chromosomes, and proper telomere maintenance is indispensable for chromosomal integrity and overall genomic stability. (oncotarget.com)
  • One member of each chromosomal pair comes from your mother, and the other comes from your father. (howstuffworks.com)
  • In most cases, a known chromosomal abnormality may be searched using any search engine in order to find the location of the abnormality or problem on the chromosome(s). (aslansplace.com)
Telomere3
  • The critical telomere length was 12.8 repeats (of six base pairs) long, they found - any shorter and the chromosomes began to fuse together at their ends (R. Capper et al. (stackexchange.com)
  • 2007). Baird suggests that without sufficiently long telomere caps, the cell may perceive the chromosome ends as broken strands of DNA and attempt to piece them together. (stackexchange.com)
  • I thought it had to do with the ability for the telomere to loop over on itself and form a T-Loop with strand invasion into the D-loop. (stackexchange.com)
Centromere1
Sister chromatids1
Genomics2
  • Once found, this unique set of humans could facilitate studying how genomics, epigenomics, and microbiomics contribute to a resemblance between humans. (news-medical.net)
  • Genomics is the study of our genes, the DNA contained in the cells of our body that acts like a blueprint for each human-being. (genuitysci.com)
Person's5
Loci4
  • We also found that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce the approach of the homologous loci with γ-irradiation. (nature.com)
  • Moreover, the distance between two homologous loci in the interphase nucleus was shortened by γ-irradiation, which induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). (nature.com)
  • Our results suggest that the transient reduction in inter-allelic distance and increase in pairing frequency of homologous loci after DSB result in partial chromatin reorganisation of interphase nuclei and that AtRAD54 contributes to the subcellular movement of homologous loci in the HR repair pathway. (nature.com)
  • Typically, only 13 loci are needed to have high statistical power to distinguish among individuals [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence13
  • Having the human genome sequence is similar to having all the pages of an instruction manual needed to make the human body. (nih.gov)
  • The collaborative study focused on 44 targets, which together cover about 1 percent of the human genome sequence, or about 30 million DNA base pairs. (nih.gov)
  • The primary goal was determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and identifying and mapping the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint. (web3.lu)
  • We investigated this outbreak by combining a multilocus sequence typing approach ( 13 ) with molecular evolutionary analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. (inra.fr)
  • Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. (inra.fr)
  • Patterns of sequence variation reveal signals of recent selection in specific genes that may contribute to human fitness, and also in regions where no function is evident. (inra.fr)
  • We have determined 99.3% of the euchromatic sequence of the X chromosome. (inra.fr)
  • The finished sequence of human chromosome 10 comprises a total of 131,666,441 base pairs. (inra.fr)
  • It represents 99.4% of the euchromatic DNA and includes one megabase of heterochromatic sequence within the pericentromeric region of the short and long arm of the chromosome. (inra.fr)
  • We describe completion and analysis of 95.5 megabases (Mb) of sequence from chromosome 13, which contains 633 genes and 296 pseudogenes. (inra.fr)
  • Fun fact: the full human genome sequence fills over 260,000 pages! (genuitysci.com)
  • The primer pair sets specific for each plasmid were derived from the genome sequence for B. miyamotoi strain CT13-2396, because the LB-2001 complete sequence had not been generated. (cdc.gov)
Adenine4
  • Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine. (achievingthedream.org)
  • Attached to each sugar is one of four bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or thymine (T). The two strands are held together by bonds between the bases, adenine forming a base pair with thymine, and cytosine forming a base pair with guanine. (achievingthedream.org)
  • Adenine and thymine always bond together as a pair, and cytosine and guanine bond together as a pair. (howstuffworks.com)
  • In the steps, adenine is paired with thymine and guanine is paired with cytosine. (msdmanuals.com)
Trisomy 183
  • Trisomy 18 syndrome (Edwards syndrome) is a disorder of human chromosomes which occurs in approximately 1 in 7,000 live born infants. (trisomy.org)
  • Trisomy refers to three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two and in trisomy 18 there is a presence of an extra #18 chromosome. (trisomy.org)
  • Currently, more than 25% of SOFT's family membership consists of parents whose child does not (or did not) have full trisomy 18 or 13. (trisomy.org)
Deoxyribonucleic acid1
  • Genes are beaded along chromosomes, which are tightly bundled strands of the chemical substance deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (trisomy.org)
Meiotic4
  • Mediates attachment of the chromosome to the meiotic or mitotic spindle . (amboss.com)
  • Mammalian oocytes are maintained in meiotic prophase arrest for a very long time-months in mice, years in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5. Brown M S,Grubb J,Zhang A N,et al.Small Rad51 and Dmc1 complexes often Co-occupy both ends of a meiotic DNA double strand break[J].PLoS Genetics,2015,11(12):e1005653. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • 10. Ma L J,Milman N,Nambiar M,et al.Two separable functions of Ctp1 in the early steps of meiotic DNA double-strand break repair[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2015,43(15):7349-7359. (nefu.edu.cn)
Nucleotides3
  • Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides that function as regulatory factors in many human diseases, including cancer. (jcancer.org)
  • These nucleotides exist as base pairs that link together like the rungs in a ladder. (howstuffworks.com)
  • The steps of the staircase consist of pairs of four types of molecules called bases (nucleotides). (msdmanuals.com)
Patau1
  • Trisomy 13 syndrome (Patau syndrome) is a disorder of human chromosomes which occurs in approximately 1 in 10,000-25,000 live-born infants. (trisomy.org)
Tightly2
Complementary2
  • This insertion can be done without introducing any double-stranded breaks by adding one DNA strand first via a fused reverse transcriptase, then its complementary strand. (sflorg.com)
  • These pairs are called complementary , as their molecules are shaped to fit together, and the hydrogen bonding relies on this closeness of fit. (biotopics.co.uk)
Exons1
  • PROSER1 has a total of 13 exons in its primary unspliced transcript mRNA of 5,185 bp. (wikipedia.org)
Cell's1
Carries1
Proteins2
  • By mechanism, DNA annealing proteins are divided into ATPases capable of strand invasion (RecA, RAD51) and single strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) that do not utilize ATP 4 . (nature.com)
  • They are weak ssDNA binding proteins with no affinity for double-stranded (ds) DNA. (nature.com)
Copies3
  • Trisomy refers to three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two and in Trisomy 13 there is the presence of an extra #13 chromosome. (trisomy.org)
  • When the amounts of DNA corresponding to each chromosome were plotted on a graph, significant, above-normal peaks appeared when a chromosome was present in three copies instead of two. (medgadget.com)
  • mutant HIM-8 fails to suppress mutant egl-13 on a free transgenic array, and also fails to suppress native mutant egl-13 if transgenic excess copies of the egl-13 promoter are present. (nih.gov)
Consists2
Cell21
  • There are about 20,000 genes in each cell of the human body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cell-free DNA is fragmented double-stranded DNA that is in the debris of dying fetal cells. (medgadget.com)
  • In humans, there are 46 chromosomes in each body cell, so the main DNA is divided into 46 sections. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • In a recent study published in Cell Reports , researchers identified look-alike humans, who were genetically unrelated, using facial recognition (FR) algorithms for multi-omics studies. (news-medical.net)
  • At an early stage of human development ( blastocyst ), each cell has the potential to become many different kinds of tissue ( pluripotency ), which are incorporated into many different organs. (umich.edu)
  • Most, but not all , of the cells in the human adult body have lost the ability to transform into other cell types and instead maintain a stable identity. (umich.edu)
  • By making small adjustments to the architecture of a genome, epigenetic changes give human beings the flexibility they need to develop from a single cell to a complex multi-cellular organism, and to continue responding to a dynamic environment across the lifespan. (umich.edu)
  • A chromosome is an organized package of DNA found in the nucleus of the cell. (achievingthedream.org)
  • When a cell divides, it must first duplicate its genome so that each daughter cell winds up with a complete set of chromosomes. (achievingthedream.org)
  • Authentication of the U2OS cell line was performed by the provider ATCC, which uses morphology and short tandem repeat profiling to confirm the identity of human cell lines. (strangeindia.com)
  • 13 p16 INK4a is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that is frequently mutated or deleted in many human cancer cell lines 14-16 and some sporadic malignancies, including sarcomas, breast cancer, leukaemia, and brain tumours, which are all component tumours of LFS. (bmj.com)
  • GENOMIC AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA IN FORENSIC DENTISTRY The genomic DNA is found in the nucleus of each cell in the human body and represents a DNA source for most forensic applications. (bartleby.com)
  • In almost every cell of your body you have 23 pairs of chromosomes. (genuitysci.com)
  • By leveraging seven human cell lines that are designated as publicly available reference materials, these data can be used as a baseline to advance epigenomics research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent studies have characterized the genomes of these cell lines (e.g., germline structural variant detection in [ 13 ]), but none yet have examined the epigenome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Guo C L,Wang J F,Li W J.The study of the correlation between cell radiosensitivity and DNA double strand breaks & repair[J].Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection,2007,27(3):303-306. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • 8. Khoronenkova S V,Dianov G L.ATM prevents DSB formation by coordinating SSB repair and cell cycle progression[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2015,112(13):3997-4002. (nefu.edu.cn)
  • This technologic and biologic revolution continued through the 1960s to today, and the explosion in technology has fueled the current expansion of knowledge into the working of the human cell. (medscape.com)
  • Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Every normal human cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Except for certain cells (for example, sperm and egg cells and red blood cells), the cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (msdmanuals.com)
Epigenetic1
  • They calculated the absolute age differences for 16 look-alike pairs according to their chronological and epigenetic age, i.e., per their date of birth and DNA methylation clock, respectively. (news-medical.net)
Mammalian1
  • Our results reveal important principles about the organization of functional elements in the human genome, providing new perspectives on everything from DNA transcription to mammalian evolution. (nih.gov)
Superfamily1
  • In 2009, using deep bioinformatic tools to identify a distant signature motif, we proposed that RAD52 and Redβ are members of an SSAP superfamily 13 . (nature.com)
Genotype1
  • The recent emergence of the human-pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus in Israel was investigated by using multilocus genotype data and modern molecular evolutionary analysis tools. (cdc.gov)
Mitochondria3
  • Most people don't realize that all human beings have two sets of DNA in their bodies, the DNA inside our chromosomes, and a foreign DNA inside our mitochondria, that our ancestors stole from bacteria over a billion years ago. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Scientists feel that mitochondria hold the key to new treatments for a variety of human conditions, including the aging process itself. (longevityfacts.com)
  • Mitochondrial DNA is the small circular chromosome that is found inside mitochondria. (bartleby.com)
Nucleus1
  • All living things are composed of cells, which then further subdivide based on the presence or absence of the nucleus, into two types: eukaryotic cells (Greek, Eu=true, karyo=nut, nucleus) - these cells are present in all the human, animal and plants with a clear, distinct nucleus. (thosenutfreeladies.com)
Maturation1
Annotation1
  • To create a gold standard reference annotation, the Human and Vertebrate Analysis and Annotation (HAVANA) team of the WTSI uses tools developed in-house to manually annotate human, mouse and zebrafish genomes. (web3.lu)
Oncogene1
  • H19 may play as an oncogene or suppressor depending on tumor types [ 13 ]. (jcancer.org)
Base12
  • Using this system, the researchers showed that they could deliver genes as long as 36,000 DNA base pairs to several types of human cells, as well as to liver cells in mice. (sflorg.com)
  • For this study, the researchers focused on serine integrases, which can insert huge chunks of DNA, as large as 50,000 base pairs. (sflorg.com)
  • This allows them to target any site in the genome for insertion of the landing site, which contains 46 DNA base pairs. (sflorg.com)
  • Each of these tags was a 25 base-pair fragment of DNA. (medgadget.com)
  • Size of DNA molecules is often expressed in terms of the number of base pairs they contain. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • The distance between bases of DNA is 3.4 Angstroms (0.34 nm) so 1 million base pairs is 340 µm in length. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • For example, Macrococcus caseolyticus has a large plasmid pMCCL2 consisting of 80,545 base pairs. (biotopics.co.uk)
  • The crystal structures of human topoisomerase I comprising the core and carboxyl-terminal domains in covalent and noncovalent complexes with 22-base pair DNA duplexes reveal an enzyme that 'clamps' around essentially B-form DNA. (embl.de)
  • There are 16,569 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA which only code for 37 genes. (bartleby.com)
  • Short tandem repeats (STRs), or microsatellites, are 1-6 base pair (bp) motifs of repeating units of DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While the majority of DNA doesn't differ from human to human, some 3 million base pairs of DNA (about 0.10 percent of your entire genome) vary from person to person. (howstuffworks.com)
  • As of 2003, 99% of the chemical base pairs that make up human DNA had been sequenced to within 99.99% accuracy. (medscape.com)
Contributes1
  • Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair so offsprings get half of their chromosomes from their mother and half from their father. (achievingthedream.org)
Structural1
  • At least two classes of factors are critical for sister chromatid pairing: structural cohesins and deposition factors. (rupress.org)
Circular1
Tumor1
  • In their review " Natural and Adaptive Immunity to Cancer ", Vesely and colleagues draw from recent mouse models of cancer and human clinical data to describe how cells, effector molecules, and pathways of the immune system act to suppress and control tumor cells. (massgenomics.org)
Specific genes1
Plasmids1
  • Therefore, we re-evaluated the original CT13-2396-derived multiplex PCR primer pairs and determined their location in the LB-2001 plasmids. (cdc.gov)
Biological2
  • Certain environmental conditions introduced at key times or over a long duration can have dramatic effects on the biological development of human beings. (umich.edu)
  • Carried out by 35 groups from 80 organizations around the world, the research served as a pilot to test the feasibility of a full-scale initiative to produce a comprehensive catalog of all components of the human genome crucial for biological function. (nih.gov)
Biology2
  • Once considered an academic backwater, mitochondrial biology is deemed to play a fundamental role in human health and aging. (longevityfacts.com)
  • The human X chromosome has a unique biology that was shaped by its evolution as the sex chromosome shared by males and females. (inra.fr)
Bodies1
Molecules3
  • The ENCODE consortium's major findings include the discovery that the majority of DNA in the human genome is transcribed into functional molecules, called RNA, and that these transcripts extensively overlap one another. (nih.gov)
  • DNA molecules are made of two twisting, paired strands, often referred to as a double helix. (genuitysci.com)
  • In it, two strands, composed of sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate molecules, are connected by pairs of four molecules called bases, which form the steps of the staircase. (msdmanuals.com)
Genetics2
  • Human genetics is the study of the human genome and the transmission of genes from one generation to the next. (amboss.com)
  • Despite the term Genetics started being employed a few centuries ago, its practice is ancient and responsible for thriving of the human society to the point we see now. (bvsalud.org)
Single2
  • Unlike Topo IA enzymes, Topo IB enzymes do not require a single-stranded region of DNA or metal ions for their function. (embl.de)
  • Multicellular organisms, such as human beings, begin as single cells. (umich.edu)