ITs AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity introduces nicks in the DNA strand, cleaving the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3'- and 5'-phosphates. (wikipedia.org)
Structural1
Taken together, the data support a model in which spore resistance to solar UV results from a complex interplay of structural, photochemical, and DNA repair processes. (photobiology.com)
Repair5
DNA glycosylase/AP lyase enzymes are involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. (wikipedia.org)
The two DNA-binding motifs (a zinc finger and the helix-two-turns-helix motifs) suggest that the oxidized base is flipped out from double-stranded DNA in the binding mode and excised by a catalytic mechanism similar to that of bifunctional base excision repair enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
ii) Spore DNA damage correction during spore germination is dependent upon nucleotide excision repair, recombination repair, and the SP-specific SP lyase repair systems. (photobiology.com)
2000). The nucleotide excision repair (NER), recombinational repair (Rec), and spore photoproduct (SP) lyase DNA repair pathways are major determinants of spore resistance to 254-nm UV-C radiation in the laboratory ( Fig. 1 ). (photobiology.com)
Escherichia coli endonuclease III (EC 4.2.99.18 ) (gene nth) [ 1 ] is a DNA repair enzyme that acts both as a DNA N-glycosylase, removing oxidized pyrimidines from DNA, and as an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease, introducing a single-strand nick at the site from which the damaged base was removed. (expasy.org)
In Escherichia coli , early studies indicated that the DNA glycosylase encoded by alkA gene could recognize and release hypoxanthine residues from DNA [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
EC 3.2.2.23) and cleaves both the 3'- and 5'-phosphodiester bonds of the resulting apurinic/apyrimidinic site (AP lyase activity;EC 4.2.99.18). (wikipedia.org)
Glycosylase4
In molecular biology, the H2TH domain (helix-2turn-helix domain) is a DNA-binding domain found in DNA glycosylase/AP lyase enzymes, which are involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. (wikipedia.org)
These enzymes are primarily from bacteria, and have both DNA glycosylase activity EC 3.2.2. (wikipedia.org)
Micrococcus luteus ultraviolet N-glycosylase/AP lyase which initiates repair at cis-syn pyrimidine dimers. (expasy.org)
The excision of base damage is initiated by a specific DNA glycosylase: Hypoxanthine is bound and excised efficiently by human N -methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG, also known as AAG, ANPG, APNG, or MDG) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Endonuclease3
Atomic structure of the DNA repair [4Fe-4S] enzyme endonuclease III. (expasy.org)
Endonuclease V (EndoV) in E. coli is active upon DNA exposed to UV light, OsO4, acids, or X-rays [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This enzyme was later characterized as 3′-deoxyinosine endonuclease that incises the DNA at the second phosphodiester bond 3′ to the dI lesion, leaving 3′-OH and 5′-P termini [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Excision repair3
Most damage to bases in DNA is repaired by the base excision repair pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The two DNA-binding motifs (a zinc finger and the H2TH (helix-two-turns-helix) motifs) suggest that the oxidised base is flipped out from double-stranded DNA in the binding mode and excised by a catalytic mechanism similar to that of bifunctional base excision repair enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
In mammalian cells, base excision repair (BER) was thought to be the major pathway for dI repair. (biomedcentral.com)
Polymerase3
Wilson, S.H. and Kuff, E.L. A novel DNA polymerase activity found in association with intracisternal A-type particles. (nih.gov)
Moreover, judging from the repair requirements and sensitivity to specific polymerase inhibitors, there were overlapping repair activities in processing of dI in DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
From radionucleotide incorporation fine mapping, the resulting apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are further processed by both the short patch pathway (1-nucleotide gap filling) with DNA polymerase (Pol) β and the long patch pathway (2-6 nucleotide resynthesis) with Pol δ and PCNA [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Residues1
Residues that contact DNA are located in the catalytic domain and in a beta-hairpin loop formed by the zinc finger. (wikipedia.org)
Mutagenic1
Deoxyinosine derived from deamination of deoxyadenosine in DNA is potentially mutagenic since it prefers to pair with dCTP during replication, yielding A:T to G:C transition mutations at sites of adenine deamination [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein1
The N-terminal catalytic domain and the C-terminal zinc finger straddle the DNA with the long axis of the protein oriented roughly orthogonal to the helical axis of the DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Activity2
The 4Fe-4S cluster does not seem to be important for catalytic activity, but is probably involved in the proper positioning of the enzyme along the DNA strand [ 2 ]. (expasy.org)
Nfi homologues from Thermotoga maritima possess 3′-exonuclease activity that might be used for removal of damaged bases [ 14 ], but similar exonuclease activities were not found in EndoV from E. coli and mammalian cells. (biomedcentral.com)