Strains penicillin resistance. Medical search. Frequent questions

However, methicillin-resistant strains were reported soon after the drug's introduction. (nih.gov)
Because resistant strains of bacteria can arise faster than drug companies can create antibiotics, understanding how these molecules function could help companies narrow their focus on potential antibiotics and bring them to market sooner. (eurekalert.org)
Penicillin resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus were found to have acquired an enzyme known as a β-lactamase (originally known as a penicillinase). (futurelearn.com)
The MICs of all cephalosporins, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol increased along with the MICs of penicillin G. However, erythromycin resistance and clindamycin resistance were observed more frequently among the intermediately penicillin-resistant strains. (inspq.qc.ca)
In this period a significant change in antimicrobial susceptibility was observed: the percentage of strains susceptible to penicillin (MIC less than or equal to 0.08 micrograms/ml) fell from 61 to 18 (p less than 0.0001) and the percentage of resistant strains (MIC greater than or equal to 1.2 micrograms/ml) increased from 18 to 46. (bmj.com)
Moreover, the higher frequency of antibiotic resistance among BC-resistant strains indicates that the presence of either resistance determinant selects for the other during antimicrobial therapy and disinfection in hospitals. (nofima.no)
Although information regarding resistance to other antimicrobial drugs was unavailable in the Connecticut survey, the overall prevalence of penicillin-resistant strains in Connecticut was low through June 1993. (cdc.gov)
The results showed that the percentage of C. perfringens isolates resistant to tetracycline or the macrolide‐lincosamide antibiotics was significantly higher from weaners fed one of a number of combinations of antimicrobial agents than was the percentage of resistant strains isolated from the one piggery that did not use antimicrobials. (monash.edu)
Genetic analyses showed that 3 of the resistant strains carried conjugative R‐plasmids which carried the tetracycline resistance determinants. (monash.edu)
Did the omnipresent use of antibiotics lead to the development of resistant strains in bottle-nose dolphins? (universityobserver.ie)
Long-term antimicrobial treatments have undoubtedly influenced the evolution of resistant strains, with the majority of bacteria in this study exhibiting resistance against the majority of commonly used antibiotic combinations, including penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides and tetracyclines. (bsava.com)
Penicillin-resistant strains have been isolated only from respiratory tract infections. (medscape.com)
whilst chromosomally mediated penicillin-resistant strains increased dramatically from 0 to 16 from 1984 to 2004. (bvsalud.org)
High-level tetracycline-resistant strains (36) were detected for the first time in 2004. (bvsalud.org)

As a result, penicillin, tetracycline and the fluoroquinolone antibiotics are no longer recommended as first line treatment for the disease in the United States. (cdc.gov)
The antibiotic-resistance profile for this outbreak includes commonly used antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones and macrolides. (cdc.gov)
Campylobacter jejuni has inherent resistance to other commonly prescribed antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and metronidazole. (cdc.gov)
Treatment is usually with penicillinase-resistant beta-lactams, but because antibiotic resistance is common, vancomycin or other newer antibiotics may be required. (merckmanuals.com)
Bacteria can develop resistance to the effects of antibiotics, especially if they are not taken as directed. (merckmanuals.com)
Carbapenems, cephalosporins, monobactams, and penicillins are subclasses of beta-lactam antibiotics, a class of antibiotic characterized by a chemical structure called a beta-lactam ring. (merckmanuals.com)
Researchers have continued to develop new types of antibiotics to combat MRSA infections, but resistance to many of these have already been reported. (nih.gov)
The scientists began with a MRSA strain that is highly resistant to 23 diverse antibiotics. (nih.gov)
After exposing the bacteria to low doses of the antibiotics for 11 days, they observed no evolution of resistance to ME/PI/TZ. (nih.gov)
We know all bacteria eventually develop resistance to antibiotics, but this trio buys us some time, potentially a significant amount of time. (nih.gov)
The rapid development of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics (such as penicillin or vancomycin) has become a major public health concern. (eurekalert.org)
In this article, we explain the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. (futurelearn.com)
In addition to the intrinsic mechanisms of resistance, bacterial pathogens can acquire genes and mutations that mediate resistance to antibiotics. (futurelearn.com)
In some cases, bacteria may acquire multiple mechanisms of resistance to the same antibiotic, and in multidrug resistant bacteria, they acquire resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. (futurelearn.com)
An example of this is the erm (erythromycin ribosomal methylation) gene that provides resistance against macrolide antibiotics like erythromycin. (futurelearn.com)
The World Health Organization has named antimicrobial resistance, caused by the overuse of antibiotics and other drugs, one of the top 10 public health threats. (xtalks.com)
Obviously, addressing the overuse of antibiotics in both the clinical setting and within the food supply is essential, but additional measures also need to be taken to rapidly identify those infected with resistant microbial strains. (genengnews.com)
We were looking to understand how to use time-lapse imaging microscopy to better appreciate how bacteria behave in the presence of antibiotics for resistance and susceptibility profiling," says Joen Johansen, head of marketing at Accelerate Diagnostics. (genengnews.com)
As a result, using any one antibiotic to treat a bacterial infection may result in other kinds of bacteria developing resistance to that specific antibiotic, as well as to other types of antibiotics. (mo.gov)
With wide-scale production of penicillin, the use of antibiotics increased, leading to an average eight-year increase in human life span between 1944 and 1972. (mo.gov)
Enterococci impart resistance to antibiotics in a variety of ways. (uspharmacist.com)
The frequencies of resistance to a range of antibiotics were significantly higher among BC-resistant staphylococci than among BC-sensitive staphylococci. (nofima.no)
Sometimes, the term antibiotic -literally "opposing life", from the Greek roots ἀντι anti , "against" and βίος bios , "life"-is broadly used to refer to any substance used against microbes , but in the usual medical usage, antibiotics (such as penicillin ) are those produced naturally (by one microorganism fighting another), whereas non-antibiotic antibacterials (such as sulfonamides and antiseptics ) are fully synthetic . (wikipedia.org)
However, the effectiveness and easy access to antibiotics have also led to their overuse [8] and some bacteria have evolved resistance to them. (wikipedia.org)
Since penicillin emerged from the Petri dish, most antibiotics have been developed from natural compounds that are elaborated by one type of microbe to ward off others. (cdc.gov)
Clostridium perfringens strains were isolated, identified, and examined by disc susceptibility tests for their resistance to several antibiotics. (monash.edu)
Scientists suggest that the resistance to broad spectrum antibiotics in various strains of E. coli has increased by a factor of two from 2009 to 2015. (universityobserver.ie)
Once standardised concentration of antibiotics were determined-by employing techniques of antibiotic resistance, screening-Antibiograms were built. (universityobserver.ie)
This quarter's Featured Article reminds us that not only cats and dogs require prudent use of antibiotics, as the authors studying antibiotic resistance in 398 pet reptiles found. (bsava.com)
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of Staphylococcus aureus strain which is resistant to a group of beta-lactam antibiotics. (clin-lab-publications.com)
Methicillin-resistance is due to a penicillin-binding protein, which has a low affinity for beta-lactam antibiotics. (clin-lab-publications.com)
Beta-lactam antibiotics (such as penicillin) interfere with bacterial cell walls. (adam.com)
ESBL enzymes create resistance within the body to most beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Since the first use of penicillin in 1940, more than 5,000 antibiotics have been developed, with a variety in current use [ 14 , 15 ]. (ophrp.org)
The concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was 92.38% overall for five antibiotics in four classes. (who.int)
N. gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to to front-line antibiotics triggered a global action plan from first-line antibiotics such as sulfonamides, penicil ins, WHO to control the spread and impact of gonococcal tetracyclines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones and early resistance and a call for international col aborative ac- cephalosporins. (who.int)
Because there are differences according to health center, patient, area and days of hospitalization, the knowledge of the resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp to the most common antibiotics is essential. (bvsalud.org)
OXA 64% and 87%, PEN 96% and 95%, ERY 48% and 52%, CIP 42% and 40%, GEN 48% and 48% and VAN did not present resistance to any of the antibiotics tested. (bvsalud.org)

Isolates belonging to serotypes 3 and 18C that were 100% sensitive to penicillin were significantly less competent than isolates belonging to serotypes 6B, 14, 19F, 9V, and 23F, which were frequently resistant to penicillin. (cdc.gov)
Our aims in this study were to compare competence among clinical isolates of various serotypes and to increase our understanding of the role of competence in penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
From January 1990 through September 1999, 105 gonococcal isolates were identified that were CipR (n=48) or had intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin (CipI) (n=57). (cdc.gov)
Among isolates tested for susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents, no evidence was found of decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone, cefixime, or azithromycin, or resistance to spectinomycin. (cdc.gov)
The epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Dakar, Sénégal 1982-1986: antimicrobial resistance, auxotypes and plasmid profiles. (bmj.com)
The MIC values for enrofloxacin against these isolates are presented in Table I. Most strains of these organisms were found to be susceptible to enrofloxacin in vitro but the clinical significance has not been determined for some of the isolates. (drugs.com)
These results indicate that qac resistance genes are common and that linkage between resistance to disinfectants and penicillin resistance occurs frequently in clinical isolates in Norway. (nofima.no)
To determine the extent of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. pneumoniae and the prevalence of penicillin resistance among pneumococcal isolates from July 1992 through June 1993, in August 1993 the Connecticut Department of Public Health and Addiction Services (DPHAS) surveyed all 44 hospitals with clinical microbiology laboratories in Connecticut. (cdc.gov)
Hospital laboratories were asked whether pneumococcal isolates were tested for resistance to penicillin, which isolates were tested, which tests were used, the number of isolates tested from different body sites from July 1992 through June 1993, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for any resistant isolates. (cdc.gov)
Nine laboratories screened pneumococcal isolates by disk diffusion, then confirmed penicillin resistance by determination of a quantitative MIC. (cdc.gov)
Nine laboratories determined the penicillin MIC for all pneumococcal isolates. (cdc.gov)
Penicillin-resistant isolates were reported from four of 14 hospitals. (cdc.gov)
Eighteen isolates (2.1%) from any body site were penicillin resistant, including five (1.3%) of 400 isolates from usually sterile sites. (cdc.gov)
Two of these isolates had penicillin MICs greater than or equal to 4.0 ug/mL. (cdc.gov)
In some pediatric populations, up to 30% of pneumococcal isolates are penicillin resistant at some level, with a substantial proportion of strains resistant to multiple drugs (3). (cdc.gov)
It was revealed that E. coli extracted from Indian River Lagoon had a higher resistance to piperacillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole as compared to isolates from Charleston Harbor area. (universityobserver.ie)
Multi-drug resistance patterns among Staphylococcus aureus isolates was 55.9% (33/59). (clin-lab-publications.com)
Clindamycin (84.6%), chloramphenicol (84.6%), and ciprofloxacin (69.2%) were the most effective whereas penicillin (100%), tetracycline (76.9%), and erythromycin (76.9%) were the least effective for MRSA isolates. (clin-lab-publications.com)
We assessed the performance of MTBDRsl for detection of resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides/cyclic peptides, and ethambutol compared to BACTEC MGIT 960 by subjecting simultaneously to both tests 385 phenotypically multidrug-resistant-Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Sao Paulo, Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
MTBDRsl presented good performance for detecting resistance to second-line drugs and ethambutol in clinical isolates. (bvsalud.org)
Antimicrobial resistance among Pasteurella isolates is rarely reported in humans. (medscape.com)
Cefoxitin (30g) was used as surrogate to determine phenotypic methicillin resistance in staphylococcus isolates, and the methicillin resistance ( mec A) gene was detected by conventional PCR assay. (who.int)
Gram negative isolates showed high resistance rate of 73.1% to ampicillin and 65.4% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid while Gram-positive isolates showed high resistant rate of 94.1% to penicillin. (who.int)
The multilocus sequence type, multiantigen sequence type, presence of determinants of antimicrobial resistance and relatedness among the isolates were all derived from the sequence data. (who.int)
Ten of 21 isolates were resistant to penicillin, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline, due mainly to the presence of the bla TEM gene, the S91F mutation in the gyrA gene and the tetM gene, respectively. (who.int)
No isolates were resistant to vancomycin which is still the best antibiotic available for the treatment of infections due to penicillin resistant Staphylococcus that are inhibited by penicillinase. (bvsalud.org)

The antibiogram study revealed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin while Staphylococcus was resistant to streptomycin, amoxicillin, and lincomycin. (scielo.br)
was conducted to study the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospital cockroaches. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospital cockroaches. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Thankfully for much of humankind, Alexander Fleming was an observant scientist, if not the neatest, and noticed that the mold growth inhibited the spread of the Staphylococcus strain that he was studying-penicillin was subsequently born and the world was vaulted into a new pharmaceutical drug age. (genengnews.com)
With newly emerging resistance strains, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), which can disseminate rapidly and cause life-threating illness often measured in hours, the time to diagnosis is imperative. (genengnews.com)
Nearly all strains of Staphylococcus aureus in the United States are resistant to penicillin, and many are resistant to newer methicillin-related drugs. (mo.gov)
A total of 61 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 177 coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains were isolated from the blood of patients with bloodstream infections and from the skin of both children under cancer treatment and human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. (nofima.no)
Molecular based approaches have gained increasing importance in routine mastitis diagnostics for typing and antibiotic resistance testing of Staphylococcus aureus. (gstsvs.ch)
A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of METHICILLIN. (bvsalud.org)
Perfil de resistencia de Staphylococcus spp aislados de hemocultivos en el Hospital Centra. (bvsalud.org)
Las infecciones nosocomiales por Staphylococcus spp constituyen uno de los problemas de mayor preocupación en salud pública en todo el mundo. (bvsalud.org)
Debido a que existen diferencias según centro hospitalario, paciente, área y tiempo de internación es esencial conocer el perfil de resistencia a los antibióticos más utilizados de las cepas de Staphylococcus involucradas en estas infecciones. (bvsalud.org)
El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el perfil de resistencia de los aislados de Staphylococcus aureus (Sau) y Estafilococo coagulasa negativo (ECN) de muestras de hemocultivos de pacientes adultos, pediátricos y recién nacidos internados entre el 1 de junio de 2005 al 30 de junio de 2006, en varios servicios del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social (IPS. (bvsalud.org)
The objective of the present study was to determine the resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus (Sau) and coagulase-negative staphylococci strains isolated from hemoculture of adult, pediatric and neonatal patients, hospitalized in the Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social from June 1, 2005 to June 30, 2006. (bvsalud.org)

The determination of susceptibility to anti-microbial agents performed locally allowed detection of approximately all PPNG strains whereas the increase in the occurrence of strains with chromosomally determined resistance was not revealed. (bmj.com)
Since 1997, strains of S. aureus have been reported to have a decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, which has been the last remaining uniformly effective treatment. (mo.gov)
In 15 of the 33 laboratories, penicillin susceptibility testing was limited to qualitative disk diffusion (using an oxacillin disk). (cdc.gov)
Methicillin resistance was determined by using β-lactamase assay and oxacillin disk (Oxoid) susceptibility test. (scialert.net)
Other macrolides, including azithromycin, clarithromycin, and telithromycin (in order of decreasing susceptibility), retain in vitro activity against most Pasteurella strains. (medscape.com)

Of special concern is resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, which are often used as empiric therapy for meningitis (3). (cdc.gov)

and Dr. Louise Francois Watkins, a Medical Officer, all with CDC's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria Team within the National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases. (cdc.gov)
Zoonotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes could be transferred not only to people with occupational livestock exposure but also other persons in the community through direct contact with animals, via the food chain or by environment [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
In nature, that's how, once in a while, new viruses and bacteria that cause disease epidemics are generated, and how antibiotic and drug resistance spread to the disease agents, making infections much more difficult to treat. (i-sis.org.uk)
These strains had acquired genes from other bacteria that enabled them to produce cell walls even in the presence of β-lactams. (nih.gov)
In contrast, the bacteria developed resistance to all the drugs used alone or in pairs within 1-8 days. (nih.gov)
Two other mechanisms of resistance are mediated by bacteria acquiring enzymes. (futurelearn.com)
The ecology of environmental antibiotic resistance has recently become an important area of research as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are recognized as emerging biological contaminants. (marquette.edu)
In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered that a mold inhibited the growth of staphylococcal bacteria and named the substance it produced 'penicillin' (possibly Pasteur's unknown substance). (mo.gov)
The evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is occurring at an alarming rate and is outpacing the development of new countermeasures. (cdc.gov)
CDC's recent report on antibiotic resistance threats estimated that 2 million people each year are infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and 23,000 die as a result. (cdc.gov)
Once in the environment, the resistance genes are being exchanged between bacteria in the water, some of these bacteria are potential human pathogens. (universityobserver.ie)
International travellers are at risk to virulent strains of drug-resistant bacteria - often picking up several different types during a trip via other tourists. (birmingham.ac.uk)
International travellers are particularly vulnerable to virulent strains of drug-resistant bacteria - often picking up several different types during a trip through spending time in the company of other tourists, a new study reveals. (birmingham.ac.uk)
We found constant 'competition' between circulating strains acquired by individual hosts and the travellers' 'native' bacteria. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Travellers can pick up the bacteria even during short visits and further spread the strains after returning home. (birmingham.ac.uk)
All but one participant acquired multiple strains of bacteria with 83 unique strains identified (53 E. coli, 10 Klebsiella, 20 other ESBL-GN species) and some of these strains being shared by as many as four subjects. (birmingham.ac.uk)

pneumoniae were susceptible to penicillin and macrolides (3.3% resistance). (nel.edu)
All strains were susceptible to vancomycin. (inspq.qc.ca)
Although S. pneumoniae was once considered to be routinely susceptible to penicillin, since the mid-1980s the incidence of resistance of this organism to penicillin and other antimicrobial agents has been increasing in the United States (1-4). (cdc.gov)
Although 5 strains were phenotypically resistant to penicillin, the other 5 (all belonging the clonal complex 8) were penicillin susceptible. (gstsvs.ch)
Using the genetically altered blaZ genes detected as targets, a real-time PCR system for detecting CC8 associated blaZ positive S. aureus strains that still remain susceptible to penicillin was developed. (gstsvs.ch)

More than half of the strains (54%) were resistant to penicillin, 29.4% to tetracycline, 23.5% to erythromycin, and 17% showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. (hindawi.com)
Tetracyclines, erythromycin, and penicillin are most commonly associated with resistance. (medscape.com)
Macrolide resistance is usually encountered with erythromycin. (medscape.com)

Preventive and containment measures should be implemented in order to limit the dissemination of resistance genes through the food chain and to reduce their increased rate. (hindawi.com)
GMDNA often contains antibiotic resistance marker genes needed in the process of making GM organisms, but serves no useful function in the GM organism. (i-sis.org.uk)
MRSA strains were subjected to disk diffusion and PCR amplification of antibiotic resistance genes. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Molecular and genetic studies indicated different structural arrangements of blaZ and qacA/B, including variable intergenic distances and transcriptional directions of the two genes on the same plasmid within the strains. (nofima.no)
In recent years, the seawater has started to operate as a massive reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes, at a global scale. (universityobserver.ie)
To detect and quantify antibiotic resistant and virulence genes present in methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains from wounds and burns patients. (scialert.net)
The agarose gel electrophoresis of the PCR products of mec A and sea genes showed amplicon size of 657 bp for mec A and 526 bp for sea genes after amplification of the antibiotic resistant S. aureus strains. (scialert.net)
Previous studies were critical on Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) which has posed a serious therapeutic challenge and multidrug resistance among hospitalized individuals with the detection of mec A genes and other virulence genes 3 , 4 . (scialert.net)
However, owing to paucity of information on the methicillin sensitive strains and the detection of both resistant and virulent genes from other studies have not been linked with wound and burn samples, thus the need for this study. (scialert.net)
Out of 78 S. aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis milk 10 of them harbored blaZ, blaI and blaR genes. (gstsvs.ch)
PCR amplification confirmed the presence of the blaZ, blaR and blaI genes in all 5 strains. (gstsvs.ch)
Sequencing of these genes uncovered a 29 base deletion within the blaZ gene in all these strains that causes a translational frame shift, which is predicted to induce abrogation of BlaZ expression. (gstsvs.ch)

Over the years, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has readily acquired a high level of resistance to a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agents traditionally used for the treatment of the disease. (cdc.gov)
Gonorrhoea and widely spread antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in its etiological agent Neisseria gonorrhoeae are major public health concerns worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
Objectives: This study assessed feasibility of using the Xpert CT/NG test to identify prevalent Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) infections among STD clinic attendees and their sexual partners and tested for antimicrobial resistance for N. gonorrhea. (bvsalud.org)
WGS analysis of a penicillin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis strain containing a chromosomal ROB-1 β-lactamase gene. (cdc.gov)

Following the introduction of penicillin in the 1940's, medicinal chemists developed many effective new compounds but their extensive use in people and animals has encouraged the emergence and spread of resistant bacterial strains. (cdc.gov)
Bacterial strains were isolated, processed in a Bacterial Diseases diagnostic laboratory, cultured and bacterial strains identified. (bsava.com)
Commonly isolated bacterial strains included Enterococcus faecalis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Stenotrophomonas ( Xanthomonas ) maltophilia , E . coli , Klebsiella oxytoca spp. (bsava.com)
Bacterial strains colonised multiple travellers staying at the same hotels and spending time in each other's company. (birmingham.ac.uk)

The emergence of multidrug resistant gonococcal strains which are resistant to both oral and injectable cephalosporin drugs could have a catastrophic effect on gonorrhea control activities. (cdc.gov)
The potential emergence and spread of both oral and parenteral cephalosporin-resistance in N.gonorrhoeae (Ceph-R NG) needs to be monitored and appropriate action needs to be taken to avoid a major public health problem. (cdc.gov)
We'll then share CDC data on the evolving and concerning emergence of these strains. (cdc.gov)
The evolution of S. aureus in the antibiotic era has revealed the emergence of virulent strains, many of which include acquisition of antibiotic resistant to methicillin [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
The study agreed to a large extent with other literature investigating the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in reptiles. (bsava.com)
Excess and inappropriate use of clindamycin have led to the emergence of resistant Staphylococcal strains. (clin-lab-publications.com)
13 ] reported that the patterns of bacterial antibiotic resistance are constantly changing, and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant Salmonella threatens public health worldwide [ 18 ]. (ophrp.org)
the emergence of high-level tetracycline resistance and an emergence of resistance to ciprofloxacin. (bvsalud.org)

MRSA strains may spread in all geographic regions between different ecological niches resulting in major healthcare costs [ 2 - 4 , 6 , 9 , 10 , 17 ] and relevant economic losses in the food animal industry [ 2 , 11 , 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Additionally, these two analogues were found to inhibit penicillin resistance in two strains of MRSA. (purdue.edu)
The triple combination also proved effective in the lab against a panel of strains taken from 72 other clinical cases of MRSA. (nih.gov)
The researchers next tested the ability of the drug trio to suppress the development of resistance in MRSA. (nih.gov)
Synergistic, collaterally sensitive β-lactam combinations suppress resistance in MRSA. (nih.gov)
Prevalence of MRSA strains in P. americana and B. germanica cockroaches were 52.77 and 43.33%, respectively. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The present investigation is the first report of the phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance in the MRSA strains isolated from P. americana and B. germanica hospital cockroaches. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
The researchers say that hospital cockroaches are considered as a potential mechanical vector for MRSA strains. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Almost 44 (22%) S. aureus were isolated and characterized with 36 (82%) strains producing β-lactamase and were resistant to oxacillin (MRSA) while, 8 (18%) strains do not produce β-lactamase and were sensitive to oxacillin (MSSA). (scialert.net)
Out of the 512 MSSA strains, 449 (87.7%) were resistant to penicillin while, 155 (89.6%) of 173 MRSA were resistant to penicillin as reported by Naik and Teclu 2 . (scialert.net)
MRSA was detected using cefoxitin disc and inducible clindamycin resistance detected using D-test. (clin-lab-publications.com)
Conclusions: This study showed high rates of MRSA carriage and inducible clindamycin resistance with the percentages of 22 and 17, respectively. (clin-lab-publications.com)

Overall, the resistance levels to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and penicillin G were relatively stable. (biomedcentral.com)
During 2010-2013, the N. gonorrhoeae population in Belarus displayed high and relatively stable resistance levels to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and penicillin G, while the resistance to azithromycin declined. (biomedcentral.com)
Ciprofloxacin resistance emerged at 7 in the same year. (bvsalud.org)
Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveil ance Programme has antimicrobials representing four different classes, namely operated in the Western Pacific and South-East Asian penicil in (PEN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), tetracycline (TCY), regions since 1992, but surveil ance of gonococcal anti- ceftriaxone (CRO) and cefixime (CFX), by disc diffusion microbial resistance (AMR) remains limited in the Asia- and gradient diffusion (Etest, BioMerieux). (who.int)

The qacA/B and blaZ probes hybridized to the same plasmid in 19 (24%) staphylococcal strains. (nofima.no)

In recent decades, the increase of S. pneumoniae strains resistant to β-lactam antimicrobial drugs and other classes of antimicrobial drugs has further complicated the treatment of pneumococcal infection ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Therefore, investigating how competent pneumococci can be for genetic transformation is useful because this factor plays a role in the evolution of S. pneumoniae, especially with respect to virulence and antimicrobial drug resistance ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
The serogroup/serotypes (SGTs) and antimicrobial susceptibilities to 10 antimicrobial agents of 110 clinical strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were determined. (inspq.qc.ca)
Editorial Note: The spread of DRSP strains may increase the public health impact of S. pneumoniae infections because of increased morbidity and reductions in the effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment for pneumococcal disease. (cdc.gov)

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are very specific for preventing certain strains. (cdc.gov)
The manuscript we are discussing here talks about how surveillance for pneumococcal infections in Israel found that the new vaccine program was preventing a lot of disease, but they also detected an increase in one of the strains that the vaccine doesn't cover-- serotype 12F. (cdc.gov)
In addition, they did special DNA fingerprinting of the pneumococcal serotype 12F strains to see if the strains were related to each other genetically or to other serotype 12F strains around the globe. (cdc.gov)
Serotype 3 strains, which are more heavily encapsulated and tend to form more mucoid colonies than other serotypes, are common causes of invasive pneumococcal disease in adults. (msdmanuals.com)

Gonococcal AMR surveillance nationally and internationally, to identify emerging resistance and inform treatment guidelines, is imperative for public health purposes. (biomedcentral.com)
Herein, the prevalence and trends of gonococcal AMR and molecular epidemiological characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae strains from 2010 to 2013 in Belarus, are described. (biomedcentral.com)

Although some species are inherently resistant to vancomycin, they are far less common than species that acquire resistance through transfer of genetic material. (uspharmacist.com)
Plasmid-mediated gene complexes confer high-level resistance to vancomycin and are often used as targets for molecular detection of VRE. (uspharmacist.com)

Quantification of the S. aureus strains was performed using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) assay. (scialert.net)

Resistance was less commonly reported for chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and quinolones. (bsava.com)

Infections with the outbreak strain may be difficult to treat. (cdc.gov)
A British study on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) estimated that 700,000 persons are dying each year worldwide due to antibiotic-resistant infections [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
S. aureus infections are more prevalent in carriers than in noncarriers and are usually caused by the colonizing strain. (merckmanuals.com)
Recently, new strains have emerged in the community that are capable of causing severe infections in otherwise healthy people. (nih.gov)
In the 1940s, S. aureus infections were treated with compounds called β-lactams (penicillins). (nih.gov)
Less than a century after the discovery of penicillin, physicians are running out of options to treat bacterial infections. (xtalks.com)
At present, there are only a few reports samples from patients with clinical indi- globally on resistance of common respira- cations of respiratory tract infections. (who.int)
He believes that an increase in antibiotic resistance will lead to a significant decrease in the probability of successfully treating infections. (universityobserver.ie)
Hypertoxin producing strains of C. difficile cause increased morbidity and mortality, as these infections can be refractory to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. (nih.gov)
Detection of mixed-strain infections by FACS and ultra-low input genome sequencing. (cdc.gov)

one had plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance. (cdc.gov)
The study comprised 70 PPNG strains of which 19% (13/70) carried the 7.4 kb Asian plasmid and 81% (57/70) the 5.3 kb African plasmid. (bmj.com)
92% (410/446) of all strains had the small 4.2 kb plasmid and 5.4% (24/446) did not contain any plasmid. (bmj.com)

No differences in the levels of chloramphenicol or penicillin resistance were observed. (monash.edu)
Serogroup A strains are by the disc diffusion method and in- ~10% in treated cases but varies widely homogeneous and have the same an- cluded penicillin G, amoxicillin, cefo- depending on the clinical presentation tigenic formula, A:4:P1.9 ( 2 , 10 , 11 , 14 ), taxime, chloramphenicol and rifampin. (who.int)

Multiple resistance was observed for 32 strains, of which 25 were highly resistant to penicillin G and belong to SGT 23F. (inspq.qc.ca)

Antipseudomonal penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor that provides coverage against most gram-positive organisms, most gram-negative organisms, and most anaerobes. (medscape.com)

The prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance was 17% (10/59). (clin-lab-publications.com)

Few long-term studies have been conducted on the serotype and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella speices (spp. (ophrp.org)

The concordance between phenotypic and genotypic resistance was also determined. (who.int)

Gram-negative strains were tested against sixteen antimicrobials, whilst Gram-positive strains were tested against nineteen antimicrobials. (bsava.com)

Such strains are part of detection challenges that must be considered in routine application of genotypic resistance testing of bovine mastitis S. aureus. (gstsvs.ch)
HIV-1C proviral DNA for detection of drug resistance mutations. (cdc.gov)

One isolate was resistant to cefixime, but no resistance to ceftriaxone or spectinomycin was found. (biomedcentral.com)
The results of the present surveillance initiated in 2009 were also used to replace penicillin G with ceftriaxone (1 g single dose intramuscularly) as the first-line drug for empiric treatment of gonorrhoea in the national treatment guidelines in Belarus in late 2009. (biomedcentral.com)

N. gonorrhoeae has developed antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to all drugs previously recommended for treatment of gonorrhoea. (biomedcentral.com)

There are a variety of new approaches for expediting AST testing, from multiplexed PCR-based assays designed to amplify various resistance biomarkers, to mass spectrometry techniques like MALDI-TOF for rapid identification of unknown organisms. (genengnews.com)
As antimicrobial resistance continues to rise globally, multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have posed a significant challenge for clinicians, owing to the dearth of effective therapeutic options to combat them. (uspharmacist.com)
Upon observing the influence of antibiotic resistance in organisms cultured from the Indian River Lagoon and Charleston Harbor area, it was concluded that the results were similar. (universityobserver.ie)

[2] M protein is the major surface protein presents on S. pyogenes cell wall, and GAS strains are further divided into different serotypes based on the antigenic characteristics of the M protein. (nih.gov)
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Serotypes of Salmonella spp. (ophrp.org)
The aim of this study was to determine the serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of Salmonella spp. (ophrp.org)
Overall, S . Enteritidis and S . Typhimurium showed higher antibiotic resistance than the other Salmonella serotypes tested in this study. (ophrp.org)

Overall, auxotype zero and proline-requiring strains were predominant, accounting for 53% (244/460) and 28% (131/460), respectively. (bmj.com)

We have proposed that this effect stems from a reduction in the essential bacterial carotenoid staphyloxanthin which is necessary to the maturation of penicillin binding protein PBP2a and an important virulence factor in S. aureus. (purdue.edu)
Coagulase-positive S. aureus is among the most ubiquitous and dangerous human pathogens, for both its virulence and its ability to develop antibiotic resistance. (merckmanuals.com)
For example, the authors of a recent article suggested that tolerance-based treatment of HIV infection -focused on increasing the infected patient's ability to remain well despite high HIV load (host tolerance) rather than reducing viral load (host resistance)-could be "evolution-proof," although evolution of the virus toward greater virulence remains a possibility. (cdc.gov)

Some strains of E.coli are proven to be pathogenic for the man and/or animals. (usp.br)

4 While men and women, 2 with higher rates of 7.7% and 10.8% resistance to azithromycin has also increased global y, 1 among men who have sex with men at two different sites resistance to the dual therapy remains low. (who.int)

Both strains produced inhibitory proteins of approximately 10 kD, possibly representing bacteriocins. (usda.gov)
The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired PENICILLIN BINDING PROTEINS. (bvsalud.org)

Once Enterococcus species colonize the GI tract, the development of antibiotic resistance increases, as does the risk of transmission between patients and providers. (uspharmacist.com)

Multidrug resistance was detected in 43.3% of Salmonella spp. (ophrp.org)
S . Enteritidis and S . Typhimurium presented the highest resistance (98.3%) and multidrug resistance rate (73.3%), respectively. (ophrp.org)

Unfortunately, many bacterial species continued to survive penicillin treatment due to their resistance mechanisms. (mo.gov)
The Romanian study focused on the analysis of pathologies responsible for diseases in pets kept in terrariums, aiming to better understand the features of antibiotic therapy, bacterial load and antibiotic resistance in the species. (bsava.com)
Published in Animals (https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12101279), this study further highlights the importance of careful antibiotic therapy in all pet species, domestic and exotic, to counteract the evolution of resistance. (bsava.com)

Anatomy4

Organisms30

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs69

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science5

Health Care7

Geographicals1

Resistant strains14

Antibiotics38

Isolates26

Staphylococcus14

Susceptibility5

Cephalosporins1

Bacteria16

Susceptible5

Erythromycin3

Genes12

Neisseria4

Bacterial strains4

Emergence8

MRSA12

Ciprofloxacin4

Staphylococcal1

Pneumoniae4

Pneumococcal4

Gonococcal2

Vancomycin2

Aureus strains1

Commonly1

Infections10

Plasmid3

Chloramphenicol2

Highly resistant1

Beta-lactamase1

Prevalence1

Serotype1

Phenotypic and genotypic1

Antimicrobials1

Detection2

Ceftriaxone2

Gonorrhoeae has developed1

Organisms3

Serotypes4

Predominant1

Virulence3

Coli1

Azithromycin1

Proteins2

Enterococcus1

Multidrug resistance2

Species3