• Methods and Materials: We recently showed that differential susceptibility to PQ neurotoxicity in four inbred mouse strains from the family of BXD recombinant inbred strains is associated with the increase in iron concentration in the ventral midbrain - the area containing both the SNc and ventral tegmentum. (cdc.gov)
  • Initially, the founder strains, which include five common laboratory and three wild-derived strains, were selected to establish the Collaborative Cross (CC), a panel of high diversity recombinant inbred strains. (jax.org)
  • An analysis of spontaneous hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats by means of new recombinant inbred strains. (mcw.edu)
  • Based on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging scanning and nonlinear image alignment, this method is demonstrated by comparing the morphology of two inbred strains, C57BL/6J and 129Sv/S1ImJ, at 15.5 days postconception. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Mapping of local size differences showed that C57BL/6J embryos were larger than 129Sv/S1ImJ embryos, although these differences were not uniformly distributed across the anatomy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Expressed in terms of organ volumes, heart and lung were larger in C57BL/6J embryos, while brain and liver were comparable in volume between strains. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, 129-strain ES cells often contribute to the germline of the chimeras, and when breeding chimeras with C57BL/6 test mice, the dominant agouti color in offspring signifying germline transmission is also easily detected in the G1 generation litters. (umassmed.edu)
  • Depending upon the study, these mice often have to be backcrossed 9 more generations with C57BL/6 mice to place the mutant allele on an inbred C57BL/6 background. (umassmed.edu)
  • Experience has shown that injection of black C57BL/6N embryonic stem cells into albino C57BL/6J Tyrc-Brd blastocysts is a particularly favorable combination for germline transmission. (umassmed.edu)
  • Of course, one could breed the chimeras with inbred C57BL/6N mice to maintain a pure C57BL/6N substrain background- but then one could not use coat color in the G1 generation to identify germline-transmitting chimeras, as all the offspring would be of a black coat color regardless of germline transmission. (umassmed.edu)
  • The non-agouti mutation in C57BL/6 strains is due to an 11.8 Kbp retrotransposon located in the first intron of the agouti gene that abolishes the expression of the Agouti gene. (umassmed.edu)
  • The Sanger group performed gene targeting in the JM8 ES cells to delete the retrotransposon from the agouti locus and restore agouti gene function, permitting the visualization of ES cell-derived mice on an inbred C57BL/6 background by agouti coat color. (umassmed.edu)
  • This approach allows you to maintain the inbred C57BL/6N status of the offspring. (umassmed.edu)
  • The UMass Chan Transgenic Animal Modeling Core (TAMC) also has JM8-strain ES cells for targeting, and routinely injects either JM8.F6-strain ES cells or JM8.A3-strain ES cells into albino C57BL/6J Tyrc-Brd blastocysts. (umassmed.edu)
  • We have applied our method to a sample set of 3 inbred strains: BALB/c, C57BL/6 and C3H and observed differences in subclass-specific and strainspecific N-glycosylation of IgG, suggesting a significant genetic component in the regulation of Fclinked IgG N-glycosylation. (irb.hr)
  • Phenotypically, we found that mice from these strains exhibit significant differences in body mass and body fat as compared with both C57BL/6J control mice and each other. (jax.org)
  • We aimed to study mitotic chromosome preparations from NIH, C57BL/6 and Razi strains of mice, which are outbred, inbred and partially inbred laboratory mice respectively. (ac.ir)
  • Karyotype of NIH, C57BL/6 and Razi strains of laboratory mice (Mus musculus)', Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine , 5(2), pp. 80-83. (ac.ir)
  • When we examined both male and female BTBR mice in comparison to C57BL/6J (C57) controls, we noted that both sexes of BTBR mice showed motor coordination deficits characteristic of cerebellar dysfunction, but only the male mice showed differences in delay eyeblink conditioning, a cerebellum-dependent learning task that is known to be disrupted in ASD patients. (mdpi.com)
  • The original genetic background used for the K18-hACE2 mice (C57Bl/6J) proved to be among the most susceptible, while the F1 crosses from a strain known as PWK were highly resistant to disease. (omniaeducation.com)
  • In this study, the inbred mouse strains A/J and C57BL/6J were used to determine whether their specific strain differences correlate with differences in susceptibility to respiratory depression and constipation. (pacific.edu)
  • C57BL/6J mice showed a greater degree of change in several respiratory parameters, resulting in more pronounced respiratory depression. (pacific.edu)
  • This study demonstrates that the strain differences between A/J and C57BL/6J mice have a major effect on opioid-induced constipation and respiratory depression. (pacific.edu)
  • VMB expression differences of Glt1 in six strains covary with differential susceptibility to VMB iron loss. (nih.gov)
  • Between strains, the mouse shows great differences in susceptibility to noise as well as differences in prebycusis. (cdc.gov)
  • Iron: key to individual differences in susceptibility to pesticide neurotoxicity? (cdc.gov)
  • It is the first however, to show that individual differences in susceptibility to PQ and probably other neurotoxicants are related to genetic differences in toxicant-based influx of iron into the ventral midbrain, especially in the SNc. (cdc.gov)
  • Artificial selection on strains of Aedes aegypti showing susceptibility and refractoriness to oral infection with yellow fever virus (YFV) suggests that there is a significant genetic component to this trait. (fiu.edu)
  • Using a population with an average susceptibility of 15%, inbreeding of isofemale lines followed by individual selection produced susceptible (29% infected) and refractory (11% infected) lines. (fiu.edu)
  • The difference between lines was largely apparent before individual selection, which failed to increase/decrease susceptibility significantly. (fiu.edu)
  • There is mounting evidence suggesting that inbred mouse strains with different genetic backgrounds demonstrate variable susceptibility to a fibrotic injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed a systematic review of the literature describing strain and organ specific response to injury in order to determine whether genetic susceptibility plays a role in fibrogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is evidence that mouse strain differences influence susceptibility to fibrosis and this appears to be organ specific. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mice are also easy to breed with a short generation time and a short life span allowing direct study of disease development and can accurately eludicidate how genetic sequences may vary in different strains and result in susceptibility to fibrotic pathologies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Developing a preclinical platform for linking disease outcome to patient genetic features promises to bridge the knowledge gap in our understanding of the underlying differences in COVID-19 susceptibility, facilitating the development of precise models for rapid diagnoses, mechanistic studies and therapeutic intervention strategies. (omniaeducation.com)
  • In other autoimmune diseases such as Crohn's disease, specific genetic loci associated with disease susceptibility have been shown to influence the gut environment and lead to shifts in the resident microbial populations [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mouse model demonstrates strain differences in susceptibility to opioi" by Andrew L. Young, Archana Viswanath et al. (pacific.edu)
  • In one experiment utilizing the radial arm maze, it was shown that spatial relations among hidden target sites control spatial decisions that rats make and are unrelated to visual or perceptual cues that are related to certain locations. (wikipedia.org)
  • The WMI and WLI inbred strains of rats we propose to use in this study were selectively bred from the stress-vulnerable Wistar Kyoto rat. (hhs.gov)
  • A growing body of work now effectively models this "twins raised apart" situation in genetically identical strains of inbred mice or genetically similar rats. (edge.org)
  • For instance, using a rat model of depression known as congenital helplessness (cLH), researchers have shown that rats with depression-like symptomatology perform poorly in this task [6]. (noldus.com)
  • In the EPM, female rats showed lower anxiety-like behavior than males, whereas CHF rats were more anxious than CLF rats. (bvsalud.org)
  • Such differences in emotionality responses in the 10th generation of selected rats further indicate a possible use of this model to study correlations between trait anxiety and defen- sive reactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rats, Inbred F344. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inbred Fischer rats have greater HPA activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Inbred Fischer rats produce greater amounts of the abovementioned substances, which has a direct effect on the nervous, connective, and epithelial tissues of the periodontium, facilitating the progression of ligatureinduced periodontitis 7-9 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In comparing the effect of PQ on gene expression in the ventral midbrain, one PQ-susceptible strain showed changes in more than 300 transcripts whereas one resistant strain showed changes in fewer than one dozen transcripts. (cdc.gov)
  • In the strain most susceptible to MPTP toxicity we observed a significant increase in iron concentration in the ventral midbrain. (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, in terms of outcome, the EAE susceptible DA strain displayed a significantly smaller resulting lesion volume than the resistant PVG-RT1(av1) strain. (nih.gov)
  • Such mouse strain studies may prove useful in elucidating the genetic as well as epigenetic factors in humans that could help determine why some people are more susceptible to the development of certain organ specific fibrosis than others. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast, F1 crosses with the more susceptible strains exhibited relatively inefficient IFN-1 expression in the lung, failed control of virus replication, and dysregulated pro-inflammatory responses. (omniaeducation.com)
  • In the inbred non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D, susceptible NOD mice were shown to harbor a distinct gut microbiota to a variety of T1D-protected inbred strains [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, MHC and Vra4 congenic strains on these backgrounds were studied to give information on MHC and non-MHC gene contribution. (nih.gov)
  • This suggestion was confirmed by the detection of significant difference in blood pressure between SHR and SHR.1N congenic strains. (mcw.edu)
  • This mouse population segregates millions of variants from eight inbred founders, enabling precision genetic mapping with extensive genotypic and phenotypic diversity. (elifesciences.org)
  • The specific goal of this project was to characterize genotypic and phenotypic diversity in these new inbred mouse strain lines. (jax.org)
  • We show that stable 3D genome structure is an effective tool to guide searches for regulatory elements and, conversely, that regulatory elements in genetically diverse populations provide a means to infer 3D genome structure. (elifesciences.org)
  • This mapping strategy is supported by the high heritability, large effect size of strain on phenotypes, and existing whole genome sequencing data for the WMI and WLI strains ( ~100x coverage per strain, with ~4,400 high confidence polymorphisms between strains). (hhs.gov)
  • Genetic manipulation of the mouse genome has been customarily performed using ES cells derived from the agouti 129-inbred strain of mouse. (umassmed.edu)
  • The hitherto existing results of the linkage analysis of the mutation in the genome using polymorphic microsatellite markers showed that the mutation maps to chromosome 7. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The bdelloid rotifer's genome also showed signs of both gene conversion and horizontal gene transfer , with 8 percent or more of the genes in the genome apparently originating in other animals. (genomeweb.com)
  • AMAZING DIVERSITY Corn's amazing diversity is not just kernel deep: The near-complete genome of maize reveals a surprising amount of genetic diversity, even between strains of the crop plant. (sciencenews.org)
  • This project used Illumina short read whole genome sequencing data processed with established bioinformatic tools (Fastp, BWA, GATK, and snpEff) to characterize the genotypic diversity of these a new inbred mouse strain resource established from a cohort of wild-caught mice from across the Americas. (jax.org)
  • The findings of this project showed that the genomes of these new inbred strains deviated significantly from the reference genome and other classical inbred strains. (jax.org)
  • We therefore hypothesized that genetically-determined stress response to oxycodone withdrawal drives the strain differences in oxycodone self-administration and reinstatement of oxycodone seeking. (hhs.gov)
  • Research using inbred (genetically nearly identical) mice has provided countless biological insights and has been vital for medical progress, but translation to clinical application has been difficult and inconsistent. (jax.org)
  • When investigated within diverse mouse populations, traits show a range similar to those observed in human populations, and they can be genetically mapped with high precision. (jax.org)
  • In "Genetically diverse mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection reproduce clinical variation in type I interferon and cytokine responses in COVID-19," a paper published in Nature Communications , the team shows that the resulting F1 (first generation crossed) mice indeed modeled human COVID-19 severity, ranging from asymptomatic to lethal. (omniaeducation.com)
  • Since mouse strains are used as a model for diverse human populations, current inbred strain panels may fail to model the full breadth of human diversity, limiting the implications of biomedical research findings to only a subset of human individuals. (jax.org)
  • The inbred mouse, while still variable from one mouse to another, appears to be less variable within strains. (cdc.gov)
  • We also studied genetic differences among 10 BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains to MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine), a proneurotoxicant (the active agent is the metabolite, MPP+ produced in astrocytes) used to model the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Gender differences in methamphetamine-induced mRNA associated with neurodegeneration in the mouse nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. (omeka.net)
  • Laping Nicholas J, "Gender differences in methamphetamine-induced mRNA associated with neurodegeneration in the mouse nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. (omeka.net)
  • Mouse embryo morphology was found to be highly amenable to this kind of analysis with very low levels (on average 110 μm) of residual anatomical variation within strains after linear differences in pose and scale are removed. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this work we report on therapeutic efficacy of CS from mouse ADSC transduced to express human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 a/a isoform (VEGF165), which showed potency to restore perfusion and protect tissue in a model of limb ischemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Major histocompatibility complex products and endogenous retroviral gene products have both been shown to exert powerful influences on the frequency distribution of T-cell receptor β-chain variable region families in the mouse. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In most mouse strains, these repertoire modifiers appear to be fully functional early in mouse development and shape a repertoire of antigen specificities that remains essentially unchanged from the first weeks of life until old age. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In NOD mice, an inbred mouse model of type I diabetes, puberty in males coincides with a β-chain variable region-specific T-cell expansion that mimics the results of exposure to exogenous superantigens in immunologically mature animals. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Research with inbred mouse strains-that is, mice inbred for generations until their genetics are identical, or as nearly so as possible-has yielded countless biological discoveries and led to significant medical progress. (jax.org)
  • Nonetheless, inbred mouse strains have limitations, and findings in them often don't translate well to humans or for clinical applications. (jax.org)
  • Research with one mouse strain is analogous to research in one human-what you discover is important within that context, but it may not apply to other strains (or people). (jax.org)
  • Choosing the right inbred strain for a particular experiment is an important consideration when working with laboratory mice and thus it is important to thoroughly map the functional differences between mouse lines. (ut.ee)
  • Currently, most biomedical research is conducted on classical inbred mouse strains. (jax.org)
  • Classical inbred mouse strains are a very narrow representation of the genetic diversity that exists across mice. (jax.org)
  • We hypothesized that these strains would capture a wide range of naturally existing mouse diversity, setting the stage for novel discoveries and broadening the impact of research outcomes to a wider range of human individuals. (jax.org)
  • Notably, our wild-derived inbred mouse strains harbored a high number of missense mutations and highly deleterious mutations that are not observed in classical inbred mouse strains. (jax.org)
  • In summary, we have performed an initial genomic and phenotypic characterization of a new wild-derived inbred mouse strain resource We show that these strains harbor a significant number of novel variants that are not captured in existing panels of classical inbred strains, many of which could be useful in the context of disease-modeling and complex trait genetics. (jax.org)
  • Here, we add to the literature on the cerebellum in mouse models of autism with the characterization of the cerebellum in the idiopathic BTBR T + Itpr3 tf /J (BTBR) inbred mouse strain, which has behavioral phenotypes that are reminiscent of ASD in patients. (mdpi.com)
  • Data were collected from studies that were deemed eligible for analysis based on set inclusion criteria, and findings were assessed in relation to strain of mouse, type of injury and organ of investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A total of 44 studies were included covering 21 mouse strains and focusing on fibrosis in the lung, liver, kidney, intestine and heart. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Few studies have assessed the effect of the same injury stimulus in different organ systems using the same strains of mouse. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative trait loci analysis can be time consuming and can only analyse two different mouse strains at a time. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moving forward, the diverse mouse strains will allow scientists to model patient variation in COVID-19 outcome and provide a platform for discovering biomarkers of disease severity, characterizing antiviral immune responses and evaluating countermeasures. (omniaeducation.com)
  • At first, the hACE2 was only present in a single inbred mouse line, known as K18-hACE2, which always developed severe/lethal disease. (omniaeducation.com)
  • and Rocky Mountain National Laboratories Chief of Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis Sonja Best, Ph.D., crossed the original K18-hACE2 line with other mouse strains that represent broad genetic diversity. (omniaeducation.com)
  • With the mouse panel, the team was able to further investigate differences in the innate immune responses that had been implicated in human patient variability. (omniaeducation.com)
  • Interestingly, researchers have noted significant differences in performance in the radial arm maze between different strains of mouse, specifically regarding which areas of the brain are used in completing the task. (noldus.com)
  • A lesion to the commonly known location of memory function, the hippocampus [5], causes significant deficits in performance in either the C57 strain or the DBA strain of mouse. (noldus.com)
  • Together these findings suggest the power of this technique for detecting subtle phenotypic differences arising from mutated genes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The mutation showed complete phenotypic penetrance in all generations examined. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • However, different inbred lines carry different fixed alleles and therefore exhibit different phenotypic characteristics, which affects experimental results. (ut.ee)
  • In our research, we seek to identify genes and gene networks underlying individual differences in brain iron regulation. (nih.gov)
  • whereas in the resistant strain, the few altered genes are related to intermediate metabolisms. (cdc.gov)
  • 13 ] have shown that housekeeping genes cluster more readily than do other gene classes (as measured by breadth of representation in serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) experiments), but clustering patterns that are more specific have also been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The PVG-RT1(av1) strain had significantly more T-cell influx than both DA and PVG, suggesting regulation both by MHC and non-MHC genes. (nih.gov)
  • We showed that Bari-Jheh was enriched for H3K9me3 in nonstress conditions, and for H3K9me3, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in oxidative stress conditions, which is consistent with expression changes in adjacent genes. (nature.com)
  • The strains are highly useful for trait correlation studies, as phenotypes from a CC panel can be compared across experiments and laboratories. (jax.org)
  • While we have shown the likely involvement of iron in PQ-related dopamine neurotoxicity, the question remains whether the relationship between iron and PQ is unique to PQ. (cdc.gov)
  • In this report female and male CD-1 mice were treated with a neurotoxic regimen of methamphetamine (MA) to compare gender differences in striatal dopamine depletion and concordant changes in mRNA markers of the transforming growth factor-beta injury response associated with neurodegeneration. (omeka.net)
  • Associated with this gender difference in striatal dopamine depletion were significantly decreased mRNA levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and a trend for increased (p = 0.06) mRNA levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein within females. (omeka.net)
  • As they reported in Cell , the researchers sequenced the genomes of more than two dozen rat strains. (genomeweb.com)
  • The radial arm maze has shown to be practicable to investigate how drugs affect memory performance. (wikipedia.org)
  • It shows you all the technical ins and outs of the Radial Arm Maze, a maze that is used to measure two forms of memory known as 'reference memory' and 'working memory' often in combination with video tracking software EthoVision XT . (noldus.com)
  • Thus, the resulting MRL may be as much as a hundredfold below levels that have been shown to be nontoxic in laboratory animals. (cdc.gov)
  • On the genetic background of the inbred strain C3H heterozygous mutant mice showed a pathological increase of the plasma urea concentration. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • At the age of 4 weeks the body weight of the mutant mice and the wildtype mice showed no difference. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Regarding the relative organ weights the mutant mice showed significantly higher values for the spleen and the brain. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The mutant mice showed reduced numbers 91 of erythrocytes as well as decreased values for hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume and hematocrit. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Both male and female BTBR mice showed considerable expansion of, and abnormal foliation in, the cerebellum vermis-including a significant expansion of specific lobules in the anterior cerebellum. (mdpi.com)
  • Hybrids in which malignancy was suppressed and malignant segregants derived from them showed virtually identical SCE frequencies. (biologists.com)
  • Recent work to map genetic sources of expression variation has shown a surprising balance between cis and trans effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A series of recent papers has taken a complementary approach by examining the sources of variation in expression profiles between strains of model organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Variation of SCE frequencies was observed, however, between the different hybrid clones, and most hybrids showed consistently less SCE per chromosome than the corresponding parental cell types did under similar growth conditions. (biologists.com)
  • Our results show that patterns of sequence evolution are driven by a balance between these chance effects of hitchhiking and interference, which increase stochastic variation in evolutionary outcomes," they continued, "and the deterministic action of selection on individual mutations, which favors parallel evolutionary solutions in replicate populations. (genomeweb.com)
  • We have shown that IgG isolation procedure is the main source of technical variation in the current protocol. (irb.hr)
  • 0.01) and, when stimulated ex vivo with LPS, showed more rapid up-regulation of pro-inflammatory gene expression than those from line 15I birds. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Quantitative real time PCR, and -in a second animal experiment- intestinal fatty acid oxidation measurements confirmed significant gene expression differences and showed in a dose-dependent manner significant changes at biological functional level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that marine n-3 fatty acids regulate small intestinal gene expression and increase fatty acid oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis is a common genetic approach that has been used in the past two decades to identify loci involved in differences in fibrotic response between inbred strains of mice [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alternatively, humans and rodents may show positive adaptation to adversity. (edge.org)
  • The results showed high, inter-strain variability in dietary iron reduction, from almost no loss to more than 40 % vs. control. (nih.gov)
  • Upon crossing the species barrier, prion diseases often show a low attack rate in conjunction with a high variability in the preclinical incubation time. (cdc.gov)
  • Individual differences have been observed in responses to opioid drugs, including common side effects. (pacific.edu)
  • It has also been used to characterize basic functions of the brain's various centers of memory function and individual differences in cognition between animals. (noldus.com)
  • When fear and tension rise across racial and ethnic divisions, as they have in recent years, genetic arguments to explain behavioral differences can quickly become popular. (edge.org)
  • We confirmed this finding with CTCF ChIP-seq that revealed strain-specific binding in the inbred founder mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the review, Chesler and colleagues focus on two reference populations based on the same eight founder strains. (jax.org)
  • While infertility and other issues led to a high rate of attrition, approximately 50 CC strains are available today that capture a cross-section of founder contributions. (jax.org)
  • The other population, Diversity Outbred (DO), is bred to produce individual mice whose genetics derive equally from the eight founder strains but in a random configuration. (jax.org)
  • Three international breeding sites began the work to produce hundreds of strains that maximized genetic diversity across strain panels. (jax.org)
  • Similarly, a cross-sectional study from a US-based cohort found differences in the bacterial composition between new-onset patients, high- and low-risk first-degree relatives, and healthy, unrelated subjects [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the combined inoculation of Glomus and CIAT899 strains resulted in significantly higher nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of common bean plants and improved phosphorus use efficiency compared with their controls which were not dually inoculated. (ajol.info)
  • No statistically significant differences between MA-treated female and male mice were obtained in mRNA levels for transforming growth factor-beta, transforming growth factor-beta type 2 receptor, activin-like kinase-5 or fibronectin. (omeka.net)
  • Significant differences among colonization and nodulation of the roots and growth were found between AMF species. (ajol.info)
  • Although the results showed that the double inoculation, especially with Glomus , induced a significant increase in all parameters whatever the AMF treatments in comparison to the control. (ajol.info)
  • The positive relationship between organ size and embryo size was consistent for the two strains but differed by organ, with the brain and liver being the least variable. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using electrophysiology and targeted mutagenesis, we show that hyperforin activates the channel via a specific binding motif at TRPC6. (afpm.org.my)
  • As the authors conclude, "These diversity mice can be used to dissect complex traits at multiple levels by establishing heritability, identifying coregulation with other traits, finding interesting model strains, and making mechanistic genetic insights. (jax.org)
  • The correlations among ChinaClim_baseline and WorldClim2 and CHELSA were high, but there were clearly spatial differences. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results show that Bl6 mice are better able to cope with the negative effects of inflammation and a high-fat diet. (ut.ee)
  • The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of these micro-nodules showed high manganese and oxygen levels and indicated the possible formation of a manganese oxide complex. (who.int)
  • And while people may quip about the "a maize ing" achievement, scientists say the genetic blueprint of one strain of corn reveals serious amounts of genetic diversity and some weighty biology lessons that could lead to improvements in the already economically important crop plant. (sciencenews.org)
  • However, lesions to the amygdala and frontal cortex caused deleterious effects on performance only in the C57 strain, indicating that perhaps the enhanced learning seen in these mice is due to participation from these brain regions in addition to the normally recruited hippocampal activity. (noldus.com)
  • Among them were 11 strains developed through inbreeding to study conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and insulin resistance. (genomeweb.com)
  • The mode of blood pressure inheritance and some genetic markers of spontaneous hypertension were evaluated in a new set of recombinant inbred (RI) strains obtained by crossing of normotensive (BN.lx) and hypertensive (SHR) progenitor strains. (mcw.edu)
  • And surprising differences between two strains of corn may provide clues about why hybrids sometimes grow or yield better than parent strains. (sciencenews.org)
  • Thus, allelic differences in Vra4, harboring the Ciita gene, was found to regulate expression of the invariant chain at the mRNA level, with a much smaller effect exerted by the MHC locus itself. (nih.gov)
  • Some of the differences in behavior have been found to fade as the animals get older but others grow stronger and persist into adulthood. (edge.org)
  • The association between blood pressure and gene(s) within RT1 complex or gene(s) closely linked to it was found by RI strain analysis. (mcw.edu)
  • No differences were found between lines or sexes in the FST. (bvsalud.org)
  • One of the 'restored' clones (JM8A3) showed particularly favorable results in blast injection experiments. (umassmed.edu)
  • Results of this study showed that reduced faceseal leakage for N95 FFRs and SMs improves source control. (cdc.gov)
  • Our preliminary data showed higher levels of oxycodone intake and oxycodone seeking in the WMI compared to the WLI strains. (hhs.gov)
  • Our data showed extensive interspecific differences in wing shape, as well as a clear sexual wing shape dimorphism in all three species. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immunoperoxidase staining showed that L1 was abundant in developing neurons at embryonic day 18 (E18) in wild-type cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and corpus callosum and then declined to low levels with maturation. (jneurosci.org)
  • The latter is a vacuolation of the neuropil, and to a variable degree, of the neurons, shown below. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, we show that these lesions precede the development of malignant tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this approach, two inbred strains that differ in fibrotic response are crossed and the F1 offspring are either mated together (intercross) or to one of the parental strains (backcross). (biomedcentral.com)
  • To explore functional differences between the two cadherins in vivo , we recently generated a knock-in line in which N-cad is expressed from the E-cad locus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • clarification needed] In another experiment, it was shown that subjects with Williams syndrome performed significantly worse compared to control subjects in multiple parameters such as visuo-spatial memory, general spatial function, and procedural competence. (wikipedia.org)
  • We have previously shown that dietary polyethylene-glycol (PEG)suppresses the occurrence of azoxymethane-induced cancers in an accelerated rat model of colon carcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Some plants like beans are already quite inbred since they are naturally self-pollinating. (permies.com)