Strain agrobacterium genes bacterial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Since the Ti plasmid is essential to cause disease, prepenetration events in the rhizosphere occur to promote bacterial conjugation - exchange of plasmids amongst bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
Some strains may chemotactically move towards chemical exudates from plants, such as acetosyringone and sugars, which indicate the presence of a wound in the plant through which the bacteria may enter. (wikipedia.org)
The bacteria transferred pigment-producing genes to the rose genome when the scientists injected the modified bacterium into a white rose petal, and blue color spread from the injection point. (smileysprouts.com)
7 It is now known that there are several natural mechanisms for flow of genes, or (horizontal gene transfer), and that these occur in nature on a large scale - for example, it is a major mechanism for antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria, and it occurs between plant species. (truthwiki.org)
The current widespread occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has become a major burden on national health services, with death rates due to bacterial infections on the rise. (resistancecontrol.info)
In addition, many plasmids can transfer from one bacterium to another, the most sophisticated mechanism being by conjugation in which the plasmid carries genes that can create a bridge between bacteria through which a copy of the plasmid can move (Fig 1a). (resistancecontrol.info)
Plasmids can also pick up a variable cargo of other genes that can help their host bacterium grow or survive in different environments - the plasmid spreads them between bacteria and if a survival advantage is gained due to the carried genes on the plasmid there will be positive selection for its carriage. (resistancecontrol.info)
Genetically identical plasmids were identified globally in different, completely unrelated strains of bacteria. (resistancecontrol.info)
All bacterial plasmids replicate on their own and contain an origin of replication (which controls the plasmid's host range and copy number) and genes that contribute to the survival of bacteria, such as antibiotic resistance genes. (excedr.com)
An illustrative diagram of bacteria showing bacterial chromosomal DNA and Plasmids. (excedr.com)
They contain the genes that help bacteria to protect themselves in unfavorable environments, such as in the presence of antibiotics or poison. (excedr.com)
They contain genes encoding proteins that help the bacteria to digest those compounds that are not commonly present in nature, such as xylene, camphor, toluene, and salicylic acid. (excedr.com)
The most common cause is the Ti plasmid (tumor-inducing plasmid), which is carried by soil bacteria of the Agrobacterium group. (istudy.pk)
Beneficial bacteria-based formulation has been developed in the form of foliar spray for the suppression of bacterial leaf blight in rice. (nibge.org)
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria with glucose dehydrogenase gene for phosphorus uptake and beneficial effects on wheat. (nibge.org)
This ability has not been lost on human bioengineers who remove the DNA that the bacteria wants to deliver and replaces it with the gene being studied. (rosslandtelegraph.com)
To illustrate, bacterial plasmids mostly contain antibiotic-resistant genes which protects the bacteria from antibiotics like ampicillin. (microbenotes.com)
this gene is a very useful reporter in other gram-negative bacteria because its activity can be measured by a very sensitive assay ($105-fold more sensitive than conventional reporters such as b-galactosidase) and its expression can be quantified by very simple methods, such as a droplet-freezing assay (6, 22, 9). (moam.info)
Screening for genes which are required for growth when new cell wall synthesis is reduced by the antibiotic Fosfomycin, they found that a transporter belonging to the ATP-binding cassette, ABC, family seemed to be become essential for the bacteria to survive. (sciencemission.com)
Antibiotic-resistant genes and bacteria as evolving contaminants of emerging concerns (e-CEC): is it time to include evolution in risk assessment? (unifi.it)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 carrying a binary vector pCAMBIA1301 harboring the CaMV35S promoter driven modified GUS gene was used. (ajol.info)
In the same experiment, K84 reduced the incidence of galling by 94% in seedlings inoculated with a local agrocin-resistant A tumefaciens strain. (agronomy-journal.org)
The scientists created an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain with two pigment-producing genes from separate bacterial species in order to do this. (smileysprouts.com)
The researchers created an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain with two pigment-producing genes from a separate bacterial species. (smileysprouts.com)
Second part of this study involves the in-planta transformation of r-msAdh1 cDNA into tomato seeds using Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens) strain LBA4404. (unimas.my)
Embryogenic calli with high regeneration capability were incubated under different conditions with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring plasmid pCAMBIA1304-EPSPs. (ku.ac.th)

The transcriptional regulator PecS is encoded by select bacterial pathogens. (bvsalud.org)
The improved, modified population of agents is able to grow, compete with other microbial strains and fungi, and provide protection for plants from pathogens. (justia.com)
The bacterial pathogens within the RSSC produce exopolysaccharide (EPS), a highly complicated nitrogen-containing heteropolymeric polysaccharide, as a major virulence factor. (ppjonline.org)
Plants use a wide range of mechanisms to defend against pathogens, and the plant-pathogen interaction induces the expression of genes involved in the plant resistance. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
Many globally successful strains of pathogens have been able to become widely disseminated as a result of resistance genes acquired on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (1) . (resistancecontrol.info)
In clinical microbiology, R plasmid plays an important role as it is the main reason behind the development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens. (microbenotes.com)
They also outline the obstacles associated with determining risks presented by antibiotic resistance genes in environmental microbial communities in terms of their potential to transfer to human pathogens. (microbiology.se)
There is, however, one very important aspect that struck me and many other members of our research group as curious: the proposed system assign antibiotic resistance genes already present on mobile genetic elements in human pathogens to the highest risk category (RESCon 1), while resistance genes encoding novel resistance mechanisms not yet been found on mobile elements in a pathogen are considered to be part of lower risk categories. (microbiology.se)
We believe that this system will overestimate the risks associated with well-known resistance factors that are already circulating among human pathogens and under-appreciate the potentially disastrous consequences that the transfer of previously unknown resistance determinants from the environmental resistome could have (exemplified by the rapid clinical spread of the NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase gene (2,3) ). (microbiology.se)

In the presence of opines, A. tumefaciens produces a diffusible conjugation signal called 30C8HSL or the Agrobacterium autoinducer[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
This activates the transcription factor TraR, positively regulating the transcription of genes required for conjugation[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
It was also discovered that the R388 gene osa , which affects T-DNA transfer, also prevented conjugation of IncP-1/MOB P11 plasmids represented by plasmids RP4 and R751. (frontiersin.org)
Two genes of IncP-1α plasmids, fiwA and fiwB , block conjugation of IncW plasmids ( Fong and Stanisich, 1989 ). (frontiersin.org)
During cell division, the plasmid in bacterial cells is copied and one plasmid is transferred to each daughter cell through a process called bacterial conjugation. (excedr.com)
Furthermore, plasmids are also regarded as mobile genetic elements and the process of their transmission of genetic material, through conjugation, is a type of mechanism of horizontal gene transfer. (excedr.com)
For example, based on their ability to transfer genes through conjugation, they are grouped as conjugative and non-conjugative plasmids. (excedr.com)
Also known as F-plasmid, fertility plasmids contain TRA genes that help in the transfer of genes to other bacterial species through conjugation. (excedr.com)
Often, they can be transferred to other bacterial species through conjugation, providing that species is resistant to specific antibiotics. (excedr.com)
T-DNA is transferred to the plant in a process similar to bacterial conjugation. (istudy.pk)
Conjugation is a process by which bacterial plasmid can be transferred from one cell to another cell. (microbenotes.com)
The non-conjugative plasmids lack a type of gene called tra gene which is involved in the transfer of plasmids by conjugation and present in conjugative plasmids. (microbenotes.com)
F plasmid contains specifically the tra gene and facilitates the transfer of plasmids by conjugation. (microbenotes.com)

Understanding the interaction network between transmissible plasmids is essential to know how the main carriers of antibiotic resistance genes disseminate in the environment. (frontiersin.org)
Amongst the favourable traits carried on plasmids, genes conferring antibiotic resistance are of particular concern in the spread of drug-resistant infections (6) . (resistancecontrol.info)
The common components present in all man-designed plasmids are the origin of replication, selection marker, antibiotic resistance gene, promoter region, primer binding sites, and cloning site. (excedr.com)
He observed that some strains of Escherichia coli could transfer antibiotic resistance to other strains through a physical contact mediated by a hair-like structure called pilus. (stemcelldaily.com)
Plasmids often carry genes that confer some advantage to the host cell, such as antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, or metabolic capabilities. (stemcelldaily.com)
This is a gene that confers resistance to a certain antibiotic or toxin, which helps in identifying and selecting the cells that contain the plasmid. (stemcelldaily.com)
In genetic engineering antibiotic-resistant gene functions as a selective marker, to find out whether the plasmid is transferred in the bacterial cell. (microbenotes.com)
This type of plasmids contains one of the multiple antibiotic resistance genes. (microbenotes.com)
In this paper, the authors present a system - resistance readiness conditions ( RESCon ) - for ranking the risks associated with the detection of antibiotic resistance genes . (microbiology.se)
Generally, I am very positive about this paper, which I think is a must-read for anyone who works with antibiotic resistance genes in metagenomes, regardless of it they stem from the human gut or the external environment. (microbiology.se)
In other words, we think that identifying environmental hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes, where novel resistance genes could be selected for (6,7,8) , is of great importance for mitigating public health risks related to environmental antibiotic resistance. (microbiology.se)
Bacterial resistance against antibiotic treatment has become a major threat to public health. (springeropen.com)
US immigration is associated with rapid and persistent acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes in the gut. (cdc.gov)

To be virulent, the bacterium contains a tumour-inducing plasmid (Ti plasmid or pTi) 200 kbp long, which contains the T-DNA and all the genes necessary to transfer it to the plant cell. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins/genes with a putative catabolic role and bacterium adaptation mechanisms during OPP degradation were identified via genomic and proteomic analysis. (nature.com)
A naturally occurring bio technical engineer that skips husbandry and uses genetic modification directly is the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (rosslandtelegraph.com)
These genes often play an important role in the host bacterium. (microbenotes.com)

Currently, there are several reports on standardisation of protocol for the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. (wikipedia.org)
Various parameters critical to rice transformation were optimized including callus induction medium, bacterial concentration, co-cultivation conditions, concentration of the plant growth regulator 2,4-D and the concentration of acetosyringone. (ajol.info)
Direct shoot organogenesis and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of Solanum trilobatum L. (tubitak.gov.tr)
An efficient protocol for direct shoot organogenesis and Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation using in vitro derived leaf explants of S. Trilobatum was established for the first time. (tubitak.gov.tr)
The Agrobacterium strain EHA 105 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA 1301, which contained hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) as a selectable marker gene and β-glucuronidase (gus) as a reporter gene, was used for the transformation. (tubitak.gov.tr)
The factors that influence the transformation frequency were optimized as follows: age of explants (40 days old), acetosyringone concentration (150 μM), duration of preculture (2 days), bacterial optical density (O.D. 0.4), Tween 20 concentration (0.01%), infection time (15 min), pH of cocultivation medium (5.4), and cocultivation duration (3 days). (tubitak.gov.tr)
Despite the value of Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of plants, MOI has not been quantified. (bvsalud.org)
The effects of a maize knotted1 ( kn1) gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter on genetic transformation efficiencies of six citrus genotypes were tested. (springer.com)
Our results demonstrate that expression of the kn1 gene enhances transformation efficiencies from 3 to 15 fold compared to a control vector, 3-11 fold relative to the highest transformation efficiencies reported for these citrus genotypes. (springer.com)
With all six genotypes of citrus tested including Eureka lemon, a cultivar difficult to be transformed, our results demonstrate that the kn1 gene may provide an effective molecular tool to enhance genetic transformation efficiencies of various citrus varieties. (springer.com)
High transformation efficiency of citrus is of great importance for large scale characterization of gene functions and also cultivar development via transgenic and genome editing technologies. (springer.com)
The second ben/cat operon was located in a 92-kb scaffold along with (i) an operon ( opp ) comprising genes for the transformation of OPP to BA and 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (and genes for its transformation) and (ii) an incomplete biphenyl catabolic operon ( bph ). (nature.com)
6 identified a gene cluster, hbpCAD , encoding the upper metabolic pathway of OPP which involves the transformation of OPP to 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoateand benzoic acid (BA). (nature.com)
The downstream transformation of BA involved a meta -cleavage pathway, although its genetic organization and function was not revealed and the overall network of genes driving the full metabolic pathway of OPP is still not known. (nature.com)
A transformation experiment was carried out by optimizing three important parameters: the age of calli, infection time and the optimum density of Agrobacterium suspension. (ku.ac.th)
A high efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system was established for the indica rice Hom Kra Dang Ngah variety. (ku.ac.th)
Earlier the cotton transformation was limited to Cocker strains which are getting possible in many other varieties, too. (biomedcentral.com)
It is successful with both gene gun, and Agrobacterium and inplanta transformation has made it a routine activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Unfortunately, similar to other legumes, efficient plant transformation technology is a rate-limiting step in analysis of gene function in cowpea. (biomedcentral.com)
Cowpea composite plants offer a rapid alternative to methods requiring stable transformation and whole plant regeneration for studying gene expression in resistance or susceptibility responses to parasitic weeds. (biomedcentral.com)

Transient expression of transfer DNA (T-DNA) in particular enables rapid testing of gene products and has been harnessed for facile combinatorial expression of multiple genes. (bvsalud.org)
We anticipate that these data will enable users to develop new approaches to in-leaf library development using Agrobacterium transient expression and reliable combinatorial assaying of multiple heterologous proteins in a single plant cell. (bvsalud.org)
Ptr1 was identified by cloning of candidate NLR-encoding genes located in the Ptr1 region and testing using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana glutinosa identified one gene for the ability to activate the plant immune system in response to AvrRpt2 in the presence of tomato Rin4. (cornell.edu)
Obviously, interference with virus infection mediated by in vitro -transcription products or via Agrobacterium -mediated transient expression of dsRNA is limited to fundamental studies. (biomedcentral.com)

This rapid spread is in part due to the extensive movement of people, goods and animals for example, all of which allow for the interaction between different bacterial strains and their MGEs, resulting in a globalized gene pool (2) . (resistancecontrol.info)
This exchange of bacterial genomes can also occur between two different bacterial strains. (excedr.com)

Agrobacterium radiobacter (more commonly known as Agrobacterium tumefaciens) is the causal agent of crown gall disease (the formation of tumours) in over 140 species of eudicots. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike the nitrogen-fixing symbionts, tumor-producing Agrobacterium species are pathogenic and do not benefit the plant. (wikipedia.org)
Biofilm formation and microaerobic survival are reduced in the pecS disruption strain, whereas the production of acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) and resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased when pecS is disrupted. (bvsalud.org)
Ralstonia solanacearum species complex (RSSC) is a soil borne plant pathogen causing bacterial wilt on various important crops, including Solanaceae plants. (ppjonline.org)
Col plasmids contain genes that produce bacteriocin, helping one bacterial species to kill other bacterial species. (excedr.com)
We analyzed SPX gene family evolution in legumes and in a number of key species from algae to angiosperms. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we found that the WGD/segmentally or dispersed duplication types were the most frequent contributors to the SPX expansion, and that there is a positive correlation between the amount of WGD contribution to the SPX expansion in individual species and its number of EXS genes. (biomedcentral.com)
This technique seems to fail when gene(s) responsible for trait improvement is only present in unrelated species and it is not possible to bring such genes through crossings. (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic engineering provides one such possibility (bringing genes from unrelated species) whereby the focus is on improving various traits that lead to high yields, tolerance to salinity, drought, pests, weeds, and sustainable agricultural traits such as higher water use efficiency (WUE). (biomedcentral.com)
1] Animal experimentation is going on all over the world the genes from chicken, cows, rats and humans have been engineered into commercial fish species in order to increase the growth rates- GM salmon, for instance, have been engineered to reach six times their natural size. (jesus-is-savior.com)
This study shows the natural occurrence of serratiochelins, photobactin, enterobactin, and aerobactin in a single bacterial species and illuminates the interplay between siderophore biosynthetic pathways and polyamine production, indicating routes of molecular diversification. (biomedcentral.com)
The ubiquitous presence of many of these species in plants and other natural habitats makes bacterial ice nucleation a common phenomenon in nature and a major factor contributing to frost damage to agronomic crops (reference and references therein). (moam.info)

19 In 1987, Plant Genetic Systems (Ghent, Belgium), founded by Marc Van Montagu and Jeff Schell, was the first company to develop genetically engineered (tobacco) plants with insect tolerance by expressing genes encoding for insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). (truthwiki.org)
Although all plasmids basically function in similar ways, what makes targeting plasmids difficult is that the genes and proteins they need for multiplication and stable inheritance are highly diverse making it unlikely to find a single compound that will block them all. (resistancecontrol.info)
Additionally, SPX domain proteins were shown to be involved in nitrate-phosphate signaling crosstalk in rice where nitrate-dependent interaction with NRT1.1B caused ubiquitination and degradation of OsSPX4 and consequently translocation of OsPHR2 and OsNLP3 into nucleus to induce PSI genes and nitrate inducible genes, respectively [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial siderophores are small molecules with unmatched capacity to scavenge iron from proteins and the extracellular milieu, where it mostly occurs as insoluble Fe 3+ . (biomedcentral.com)

pET-41a(+) and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain BL21 (DE3). (unimas.my)
For example, certain Escherichia coli (or E.coli ) strains present in the human gut and other animals when containing virulence plasmids, cause vomiting and diarrhea. (excedr.com)
295 "Gene escape model: transfer of heavy metal resis -tance genes from E.coli":App. (globalchange.com)
Plasmid vectors have been developed, mutants can be isolated by various mutagenic treatments, and various genes have been cloned in heterologous hosts such as Escherichia coli (17). (moam.info)
In Caenorhabditis elegans , RNAi can be achieved by feeding worms Escherichia coli expressing dsRNA corresponding to a specific gene [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Biological control of crown gall was achieved in a field experiment in which peach 'Missour' seedlings were dipped first in a suspension of A radiobacter K84 and subsequently in a suspension of a local agrocin-sensitive strain. (agronomy-journal.org)
Résumé - - Fréquence du crown gall dans les pépinières fruitières d'Algérie, caractérisation des souches d'Agrobacterium tumefaciens et contrôle biologique par la souche antagoniste Agrobacterium radiobacter K84. (agronomy-journal.org)
Les espèces les plus touchées sont le pêcher (5,39%), l'amandier (3,43%), le cerisier (1,50%), le pommier (1,47%) et l'olivier (1,30%) (Tableau I). Au sein d'une même espèce, la proportion de plants atteints de crown gall varie en fonction du porte-greffe utilisé par le pépiniériste. (agronomy-journal.org)
Crown gall is one of the most destructive bacterial diseases of plants. (ac.ir)
Ti plasmid is an example of virulence plasmid which is present in Agrobacterium tumefaciens and causes crown gall disease in dicotyledonous plants. (microbenotes.com)

Our research offers meaningful perspectives into CDPK genes and new avenues for the genetic engineering and molecular breeding of yam. (bvsalud.org)
Race 1 strains of Pst are becoming increasingly common, and no simply-inherited genetic resistance to such strains is known. (cornell.edu)
However, the microbial metabolic pathway of the fungicide and the genetic systems driving its degradation by strain P3 remain unknown. (nature.com)
So far, most successful genetic engineering of plants has relied on inserting one or a few genes that supply simple, yet useful, properties. (istudy.pk)
Specifically, the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an important tool for plant genetic engineering. (istudy.pk)
Scientists have exploited this genetic transfer in order to get genes with desired properties into plant cells. (istudy.pk)
Genetic improvement of the crop is being actively pursued and numerous functional genomics studies are underway aimed at characterizing gene controlling key agronomic characteristics for disease and pest resistances. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmids have been widely used in biotechnology and genetic engineering, as they can be manipulated to introduce, modify, or delete specific genes in the host cell. (stemcelldaily.com)
However, several other routine methods and tools for molecular genetic investigations, including the use of reporter genes for analysis of gene transcription and promoter function, have not yet been developed in Z. mobilis. (moam.info)
In this sense, RNAi has become a powerful genetic tool for selectively silencing gene expression in many eukaryotes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Part of this DNA (the 'common DNA') is also found on the T-DNA of octopine strains, the remaining DNA is nopaline strain-specific. (cnrs.fr)

It was discovered that a locus in Solanum lycopersicoides, termed Pseudomonas tomato race 1 (Ptr1), confers resistance to race 1 Pst strains by recognizing the type III effector AvrRpt2. (cornell.edu)
They isolated a Pseudomonas azelaica strain HPB1 which was able to degrade OPP through the production of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. (nature.com)
In the present study, Serendipita indica-root colonized sour orange seedlings were infected by Pseudomonas viridiflava and the expression patterns of PR1, PR2, PR3, PR4, PR5, PAL, POX, and LOX genes in the early stages of citrus blast disease were investigated using the qRT-PCR at different sampling times. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
Sumera Yasmin , FY Hafeez, M. Rasul, HMI Arshad, MS Mirza, M. Zubair, M Iqbal (2017) "Biocontrol of bacterial leaf blight of rice and profiling of secondary metabolites produced by rhizospheric Pseudomonas aeruginosa BRp3" Frontiers in Microbiology 8: 1895. (nibge.org)
The expression of the ice nucleation gene inaZ from Pseudomonas syringae in Zymomonas mobilis strains under the control of three different promoters was investigated to establish the utility of the gene as a reporter and examine the possible use of the organism as a source of ice nuclei for biotechnological applications. (moam.info)
We have investigated the expression of an ice nucleation gene, inaZ, originally cloned from Pseudomonas syringae (5), in Z. mobilis for two reasons. (moam.info)

Sugars are recognised by the chvE protein, a chromosomal gene-encoded protein located in the periplasmic space. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment of CMQW by bacterial isolate detoxified Cr(VI) minimizing chromosomal aberrations in root cells of Allium cepa L., suggesting the role of Rhizobium pusense CR02 as a promising bio-agent for Cr(VI) detoxification. (researchsquare.com)
Joshua Lederberg first coined the term "plasmid" in 1952 (3) , and since their discovery as "extra-chromosomal hereditary determinants", studies have highlighted their role in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and usefulness as tools in molecular biology. (resistancecontrol.info)
The differences between biovars are determined by genes on the single circle of chromosomal DNA. (up.ac.za)

Here, we analyze the Poisson probability distribution of the T-DNA transfer in leaf pavement cells to determine the MOI for the widely used model system Agrobacterium GV3101/Nicotiana benthamiana. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, Tobacco plants ( Nicotiana tabacum ), IBRC-M10701 strains of A. tumefaciens , and pure commercial Surfactin (25 µm) were used. (ac.ir)

Here, we generated transgenic tomato plants by overexpressing Dwarf , a BR biosynthetic gene that encodes the CYP85A1, and compared the photosynthetic capacity with the BR biosynthetic mutant d im and wild type. (biomedcentral.com)
To identify genes in EPS production beyond the EPS biosynthetic gene operon, we selected the EPS-defective mutants of R. pseudosolanacearum strain SL341 from Tn5-inserted mutant pool. (ppjonline.org)

Possible plant compounds that initiate Agrobacterium to infect plant cells: Acetosyringone and other phenolic compounds alpha-Hydroxyacetosyringone Catechol Ferulic acid Gallic acid p-Hydroxybenzoic acid Protocatechuic acid Pyrogallic acid Resorcylic acid Sinapinic acid Syringic acid Vanillin To transfer the T-DNA into the plant cell, A. tumefaciens uses a type IV secretion mechanism, involving the production of a T-pilus. (wikipedia.org)
In nature, Agrobacterium is attracted to plants that have minor wounds by phenolic compounds such as acetosyringone, which are released at the wound. (istudy.pk)
Agrobacterium carrying a Ti plasmid is attracted by acetosyringone to a wounded plant stem. (istudy.pk)

Here we describe an optimized protocol for the rapid generation of transformed hairy roots on ex vitro composite plants of cowpea using Agrobacterium rhizogenes . (biomedcentral.com)
lines transformed with rol genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. (unifi.it)

For instance, in the plant pathogen Dickeya dadantii, PecS controls a range of virulence genes, including pectinase genes and the divergently oriented gene pecM, which encodes an efflux pump through which the antioxidant indigoidine is exported. (bvsalud.org)
The same inducers activate expression of the virulence genes on the Ti plasmid that are responsible for DNA transfer to the plant. (istudy.pk)

Amplification of the 16S rDNA and the 16S-23S inter- erythrocytic bacterial organisms were confirmed by TEM, genic spacer (ITS) regions was performed as described and SEM identified numerous pits, the morphologic char- earlier (2,3). (cdc.gov)
Other organisms having virulence plasmid include Agrobacterium tumefaciens (contain Ti plasmid) and Salmonella enterica . (excedr.com)
This area has given rise to organisms such as fish that glow in the dark due to the addition of jellyfish genes that cause fluorescence. (rosslandtelegraph.com)
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a potent initiator of gene silencing in a diverse group of organisms that includes plants, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mammals. (biomedcentral.com)

The maize homeobox gene knotted1 ( kn1 ) encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor (Hake et al. (springer.com)
The MCS is usually located within a lacZ gene, which encodes for β-galactosidase enzyme. (stemcelldaily.com)

These plasmids, when present in a bacterial strain, turn it into a pathogen. (excedr.com)
In this case, the transfer process required the compatibility of the plasmids present in a bacterial cell. (microbenotes.com)

The wide variety of plants affected by Agrobacterium makes it of great concern to the agriculture industry. (wikipedia.org)
La protection par K84 des plants inoculés avec une souche résistante à l'agrocine 84 suggère l'existence en plus de la production d'agrocine, d'autres mécanismes favorisant la performance de cet antagoniste. (agronomy-journal.org)
Additionally, the SL341P4 mutant exhibited reduced disease severity and incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato plants compared to the wild-type SL341 without alteration of bacterial multiplication. (ppjonline.org)
The genes expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR and reported relative to control (flooded, -AMF) plants. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
But, the expression of this gene was decreased in shoots of +AMF and -AMF plants in comparison with control plants. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
The stress-responsive gene transcripts, OsPIP2;3, OsGH3-8, OsLTP, OsAOS2 and OsADC1 in +AMF rice cultivars was higher than -AMF plants at both water deficit conditions. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
In 70%FC, OsEXP15 gene expression of +AMF and -AMF root plants was increased in comparison with control plants. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
However, under 50%FC the gene expression was decreased and not changed in -AMF and +AMF plants, respectively. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
In the S. indica-colonized sour orange plants, the highest level of PR1, PR4, PAL, POX, PR3, and PR5 genes expression was observed at 48 h after infection, but the expression of PR2 and LOX genes was increased at 72 h after infection compared to the control plants. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
Further research will identify new genes and useful pathways that can be engineered into plants. (istudy.pk)
We further demonstrate the applicability of cowpea composite plants to study gene expression involved in the resistance response of the plant roots to attack by the root parasitic weed, Striga gesnerioides . (biomedcentral.com)
There is lack of consideration for a large segment of the population that has ethical or religious beliefs that classify genetically engineered plants carrying animal or human genes as being totally unacceptable as foods. (jesus-is-savior.com)
Partially purified bacterial dsRNAs promoted specific interference with the infection in plants by two viruses belonging to the tobamovirus and potyvirus groups. (biomedcentral.com)
Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in plants is a homology-dependent RNA degradation system designed to act as a natural defence barrier against virus infections [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Plant genomes can be engineered by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors. (wikipedia.org)
Agrobacterium tumefaciens infects the plant through its Ti plasmid. (wikipedia.org)
In both cases, the responsible gene was pifC , known also to be involved in FI of IncP plasmids and Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer to plant cells. (frontiersin.org)
Biological DNA transfer into plant cells mediated by Agrobacterium represents one of the most powerful tools for the engineering and study of plant systems. (bvsalud.org)
These data delineate the relationship between an individual Agrobacterium strain infiltration OD600, plant cell perimeter, and leaf age, as well as plant cell coinfection rates. (bvsalud.org)
Our analysis establishes experimental regimes where the probability of near-simultaneous delivery of >20 unique T-DNAs to a given plant cell remains high throughout the leaf at infiltration OD600 above â ¼0.2 for individual strains. (bvsalud.org)
In contrast, single-strain T-DNA delivery can be achieved at low strain infiltration OD600: at OD600 0.02, we observe that â ¼40% of plant cells are infected, with 80% of those infected cells containing T-DNA product from just a single strain. (bvsalud.org)
In the plant pathogen Agrobacterium fabrum (formerly named Agrobacterium tumefaciens), the pecS-pecM locus is conserved. (bvsalud.org)
Another challenge to using transgenic plant technology in citrus is the long juvenile phase of immature tissues that ranges from 5 to 20 years, which greatly delays analysis of the effects of candidate genes. (springer.com)
Alterations in the expression of genes involved in gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and inactivation results in increased and decreased biomass accumulation, respectively, which is positively correlated with the photosynthetic rates at the whole plant level [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Most strains of the RSSC are known to survive for more than 40 years in dry soil and can also endure low temperature in the plant roots and residues. (ppjonline.org)
It seems that S. indica can induce systemic effects and prepare the host plant to increase the expression of defense genes more rapidly once it receives a signal for the presence of the pathogen. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
Any desired genes, such as insecticidal toxin genes or herbicide-resistance genes, can be engineered into the bacterial DNA, and then inserted into the plant genome. (up.ac.za)
This process shortens the conventional plant breeding process, and allows entirely new (non-plant) genes to be engineered into crops. (up.ac.za)
The first step in genetically engineering a plant is to identify a gene that will confer a specific desirable trait on the plant. (istudy.pk)
In addition, such genes may play other roles in plant physiology or development. (istudy.pk)
As more research into plant physiology occurs, more genes can be identified that increase the value of a crop. (istudy.pk)
This approach provides a reliable and potential tool, not only for plant protection against virus diseases, but also for the study of gene silencing mechanisms in plant virus infections. (biomedcentral.com)

The whole genome of various RSSC strains have been analyzed, and its virulence mechanism has been extensively investigated. (ppjonline.org)
Zafar K, Khan MZ, Amin I, Mukhtar Z, Sumera Yasmin , Arif M, Ejaz K, Mansoor S (2020) Precise CRISPR-Cas9 mediated genome editing in super basmati rice for resistance against bacterial blight by targeting the major susceptibility gene. (nibge.org)

On the other hand, non-conjugative plasmids are also present in bacterial cells. (microbenotes.com)
A bacterial cell can have several types of plasmids among which different types of conjugative plasmids are also present. (microbenotes.com)

tomato (Pst) is a persistent pathogen of tomato that causes bacterial speck disease. (cornell.edu)
This study was conducted to better understanding the molecular mechanism of Surfactin on Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a prerequisite for the use of Bacillus as a biocontrol agent of this pathogen. (ac.ir)
the causal pathogen of bacterial leaf blight of rice is being carried out in collaboration with International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines. (nibge.org)

We could also reveal that except SPX class genes, other classes lost the collinearity relationships among Arabidopsis and legume genomes. (biomedcentral.com)

A group of food crops, specifically soybean, sugar beet, canola and corn, grown in Canada are transgenically modified with bacterial genes to resist particular pesticides. (rosslandtelegraph.com)

Therefore, elucidation of the microbial metabolic pathway of OPP is a prerequisite for the downstream exploitation of strain P3 in any environmental application. (nature.com)

Bio-steel is the product of another transgenic organism, goats that have had a spider gene inserted and extrude the silk-like protein as a component of their milk. (rosslandtelegraph.com)

Their use can likely be readily adapted to look at the effects of both ectopic gene overexpression as well as gene knockdown of root associated defense responses and to the study of a broader range of root associated physiological and aphysiological processes including root growth and differentiation as well as interactions with other root pests, parasites, and symbionts. (biomedcentral.com)

Using a strain of A. fabrum in which pecS has been disrupted, we show here that PecS controls a range of phenotypes that are associated with bacterial fitness. (bvsalud.org)

Phenolic compounds are recognised by the VirA protein, a transmembrane protein encoded in the virA gene on the Ti plasmid. (wikipedia.org)

Remarkably however, the transporter mutant became even more ampicillin sensitive than a strain which completely lacked the β-lactamase, meaning that there must be more going on. (sciencemission.com)

At least 25 vir genes on the Ti plasmid are necessary for tumor induction[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
General Information: This strain is a biovar 1 nopaline-producing strain originally isolated from a cherry tree tumor. (up.ac.za)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AMF-inoculation on expression of several stress-responsive genes in two rice cultivars under different water conditions. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
It seems AMF induced changes in rice genes expression may enhance tolerance to water deficit conditions. (jpmb-gabit.ir)
Phosphate solubilizers as antagonists for bacterial leaf blight with improved rice growth in phosphorus deficit soil. (nibge.org)

In Arabidopsis and apple, strains of Pst and Erwinia amylovora expressing AvrRpt2 degrade the RIN4 protein, thereby activating RPS2 or Mr5-mediated immunity, respectively. (cornell.edu)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an Alphaproteobacterium of the family Rhizobiaceae, which includes the nitrogen-fixing legume symbionts. (wikipedia.org)

A bacterial strain producing two antimicrobial peptides was isolated from a rhizosphere soil sample and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on both phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis. (springeropen.com)

In addition to their perception role, virA and chvE induce other vir genes. (wikipedia.org)
They have devised complex regulatory mechanisms responding to Fe 2+ unavailability that induce the expression of a series of genes to produce small iron chelators, termed siderophores [ 5 , 6 , 7 ], secrete them, and take up their iron-bound forms. (biomedcentral.com)

Plasmids are recognized as one of the major contributors to the rapid worldwide spread of resistance genes. (resistancecontrol.info)
In our response, we also stress that the abundances of resistance genes, and not only their presence, should be accounted for when estimating risks (although that last point might have been slightly obscured due to the very low word limit). (microbiology.se)
Selective culture enrichment and sequencing of feces to enhance detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacteriaceae. (cdc.gov)

The transformed lines were analyzed using PCR for marker sequence and gusA gene expression by GUS activity assays. (ajol.info)
In analogous mammalian cell-based gene expression systems, a clear sense of the multiplicity of infection (MOI) allows users to predict and control viral transfection frequencies for applications requiring single versus multiple transfection events per cell. (bvsalud.org)
In this work, we show that PcaQ also regulates the expression of the S. meliloti smb20568-smb20787-smb20786-smb20785-smb20784 gene cluster, which is predicted to encode an ABC transport system. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Plasmids can also be used to study gene expression and regulation, gene function and interaction, and gene therapy. (stemcelldaily.com)

Next, VirA transfers the phosphate to the DNA-binding protein, VirG, which activates transcription of the vir genes of the Ti plasmid. (istudy.pk)

These data indicate that K84 could be used in Algeria despite the presence of agrocin- resistant strains. (agronomy-journal.org)

The ChvE protein regulates the second mechanism of the vir genes' activation. (wikipedia.org)
Despite extensive effort in studying the virulence of RSSC strains, the complete understanding of the virulence mechanism remains elusive. (ppjonline.org)

We also show that PecS does not participate in the induction of vir genes. (bvsalud.org)
Use of differential fluorescence induction and optical trapping to isolate environmentally induced genes. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Among several EPS-defective mutants, we identified a mutant, SL341P4, with a Tn5-insertion in a gene encoding a putative NDP-sugar epimerase, a putative membrane protein with sugar-modifying moiety, in a reverse orientation to EPS biosynthesis gene cluster. (ppjonline.org)
To investigate this transport system further, we generated a pcaM deletion mutant (predicted to encode the substrate-binding protein) and introduced a polar insertion mutation into pcaN , a gene that is predicted to encode a permease. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Mutant strains not synthesizing polyamine-siderophores significantly increased enterobactin production levels, though lack of enterobactin did not impact the production of serratiochelins. (biomedcentral.com)
Plasmid pCG4521 (RK2 replicon) gave much lower levels of ice nucleation activity when propagated in strain uvs-51, a plasmid instability mutant of Z. mobilis, compared with the wild-type strain. (moam.info)

miRNAs and lox genes have an important effect in the auxin signalling pathway. (ac.ir)

S. Hakim, B. S. Mirza, A. Zaheer, J. E. Mclean, A. Imran, S. Yasmin , M. S. Mirza (2018) Retrieved 16S rRNA and nifH sequences reveal co-dominance of Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer (Sinorhizobium) strains in field-collected root nodules of the promiscuous host Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek," Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology , p 1-7. (nibge.org)

The virG protein is a cytoplasmic protein produced from the virG Ti plasmid gene. (wikipedia.org)

310 "A high efficiency method for site-directed mutagen -esis with any plasmid":Gene;1989 (Dec 7);84(1);p153-7.Average yield of mutants was 60% with simple and rapid techniques. (globalchange.com)

Biological ice nuclei of bacterial origin are currently used in artificial snowmaking (Snowmax, a freeze-dried preparation of P. syringae cells) and have potential applications in frozen food industries, rainfall enhancement, and hail control, in addition to other applications (8). (moam.info)

Analysis of 60 galled samples, which yielded 154 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, revealed that biovar 2 and agrocin 84-sensitive strains were predominant among local agrobacteria. (agronomy-journal.org)
thus, suggesting that biovar 2 strains are most likely to harbor a nopaline/agrocinopine A-type Ti-plasmid. (agronomy-journal.org)

Anatomy7

Organisms42

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes70

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science5

Health Care9

Bacteria20

Tumefaciens strain6

Pathogens9

Conjugation13

Antibiotic13

Bacterium4

Transformation20

Transient expression4

Different bacterial strains2

Species12

Proteins4

Coli5

Crown gall5

Genetic10

Nopaline strain1

Pseudomonas6

Chromosomal4

Nicotiana2

Biosynthetic2

Acetosyringone3

Rhizogenes2

Virulence genes2

Organisms4

Encodes2

Present in a bacterial2

Plants14

Plant18

Genome2

Conjugative plasmids2

Pathogen3

Genomes1

Crops1

Microbial1

Transgenic1

Overexpression1

Fabrum1

Phenolic compounds1

Ampicillin1

Tumor2

Rice3

Arabidopsis1

Rhizobiaceae1

Phylogenetic analysis1

Induce2

Resistance genes3

Expression4

VirA1

Resistant1

Mechanism2

Induction2

Mutant4

Signalling pathway1

Sinorhizobium1

Protein1

19891

Biological1

Biovar2