Stimulus visual cortex. Medical search. Frequent questions

The visual cortex of the brain is the area of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information. (wikipedia.org)
Other studies, however, provide strong support for the idea that skilled actions such as grasping are not affected by pictorial illusions and suggest that the action/perception dissociation is a useful way to characterize the functional division of labor between the dorsal and ventral visual pathways in the cerebral cortex. (wikipedia.org)
The cerebrum contains grey matter and billions of unmyelinated neurons (brain cells) called the cerebral cortex. (medicinenet.com)
The cerebral cortex that is present superficially to the cerebrum is arranged in a folded manner and is only 2-4 millimeters thick. (medicinenet.com)
The folds on the cerebral cortex are called gyri, which are divided by grooves. (medicinenet.com)
The cerebral cortex folds are the reason for the distinctive look of the brain. (medicinenet.com)
Aguirre AD, Chen Y, Fujimoto JG, Ruvinskaya L, Devor A, Boas DA (2006) Depth-resolved imaging of functional activation in the rat cerebral cortex using optical coherence tomography. (springer.com)
The cerebral cortex is the outer grey matter layer over the cerebral hemispheres. (coursehero.com)
The neurons in this cerebral cortex are known as cortical neurons. (coursehero.com)
Zero-lag synchrony arises between two points on the cerebral cortex when these receive concurrent independent inputs and has generally been ascribed to nonlinear mechanisms. (paulbourke.net)
We report results obtained by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to simulations of cerebral cortex which exhibit zero-lag synchrony and realistic spectral content, and show that synchrony can arise by distinct and separable linear and nonlinear mechanisms. (paulbourke.net)
Cortical myoclonus is associated with cerebral cortex damage or epilepsy. (msdmanuals.com)
Previous studies of global brain hypoxia ischemia have primarily focused on injury to the cerebral cortex and to the hippocampus. (cdc.gov)

The area of the visual cortex that receives the sensory input from the lateral geniculate nucleus is the primary visual cortex, also known as visual area 1 (V1), Brodmann area 17, or the striate cortex. (wikipedia.org)
clarification needed] The primary visual cortex, which is defined by its function or stage in the visual system, is approximately equivalent to the striate cortex, also known as Brodmann area 17, which is defined by its anatomical location. (wikipedia.org)
The name "striate cortex" is derived from the line of Gennari, a distinctive stripe visible to the naked eye that represents myelinated axons from the lateral geniculate body terminating in layer 4 of the gray matter. (wikipedia.org)
Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex. (wikibooks.org)
The generator site for VEPs is believed to be the peristriate and striate occipital cortex. (medscape.com)

The primary visual cortex (V1) is located in and around the calcarine fissure in the occipital lobe. (wikipedia.org)
In mammals, it is located in the posterior pole of the occipital lobe and is the simplest, earliest cortical visual area. (wikipedia.org)
Functional connectivity with OPA was much weaker than with PPA, and similar to that with face-selective occipital face area (OFA), suggesting a closer link with ventral than lateral cortex. (frontiersin.org)
Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) work shows that the number of objects is maintained by representations in the inferior intraparietal sulcus (IPS) along dorsal parietal cortex, whereas the resolution of these maintained objects is subserved by the superior IPS and the lateral occipital complex (LOC). (scirp.org)
These areas overlap with recently-discovered, retinotopically-organized visual field maps (VFMs) spanning the IPS (IPS-0/1/2/3/4/5), and potentially maps in lateral occipital cortex, such as LO-1/2, and/or TO-1/2 (hMT+). (scirp.org)
Other fMRI studies have implicated early VFMs in posterior occipital cortex, suggesting that visual areas V1-hV4 are recruited to represent information in VWM. (scirp.org)
In the absence of visual input, occipital ("visual") brain regions respond to sound and spoken language. (jneurosci.org)
The occipital lobe is divided into four parts, each of which is responsible for a separate set of visual functions. (medicinenet.com)
The visual evoked potential (VEP) tests the function of the visual pathway from the retina to the occipital cortex. (medscape.com)
It measures the conduction of the visual pathways from the optic nerve, optic chiasm, and optic radiations to the occipital cortex. (medscape.com)
It is also important to note that the macula projects to the occipital pole, whereas the rest of the retina projects to the mesial calcarine cortex. (medscape.com)
Área compuesta por partes del LÓBULO OCCIPITAL y el SURCO CALCARINO de la corteza visual en los seres humanos con conectividad directa con el CUERPO GENICULADO LATERAL. (bvsalud.org)
An area comprised of parts of OCCIPITAL LOBE and the CALCARINE SULCUS of the visual cortex in humans with direct connectivity to the LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS. (bvsalud.org)
Activity in homeostatic (hypothalamus), reward (amygdala, putamen and insula), frontal (anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), and visual regions (calcarine and lateral occipital cortex). (medscape.com)

OFF-dominated cortical neurons in cats responded ∼3 ms faster to visual stimuli than ON-dominated cortical neurons, and dark-mediated suppression in ON-dominated neurons peaked ∼14 ms faster than light-mediated suppression in OFF-dominated neurons. (zotero.org)
Here, we examine the relationship between spontaneous activity and the response of primary visual cortical neurons to dynamic natural-scene and random-noise film images in awake, freely viewing ferrets from the time of eye opening to maturity. (nature.com)
The study identified several types of neuronal receptive fields and showed that cortical neurons are selective for stimulus orientation and binocularity. (wikibooks.org)

In visual cortex, stimulation outside the classical receptive field can decrease neural activity and also decrease functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) signal amplitudes. (zotero.org)
At all ages including the mature animal, correlations in spontaneous neural firing were only slightly modified by visual stimulation, irrespective of the sensory input. (nature.com)
Five types of stimulation were used in the experiment: a single stimulus (one raised pin for 40 ms), standard stimulus (eight pins for 40 ms), and double stimuli presented at intervals of 10, 30, and 100 ms. The subjects were asked to attend to a particular finger and detect whether the standard stimulus was presented to that finger. (frontiersin.org)
used Braille stimulation and found significant effects of spatial-selective attention on P50 and P100 with left tactile stimuli and on N80 with right tactile stimuli in SI. (frontiersin.org)
Finally, we established a causal relationship between cortical activation and hemodynamic responses by driving neurons not only with visual stimulation but also optogenetically. (jneurosci.org)
The stimulus selectivity is the kind of selectivity that changes with the repeated stimulation brought about by the same image such as a human face. (coursehero.com)
Saccades differentially modulate human LGN and V1 responses in the presence and absence of visual stimulation. (mpg.de)
Previous studies have demonstrated an increased activity when processing unpredicted visual stimulation in V1. (gla.ac.uk)

Spectral properties of induced and evoked gamma oscillations in human early visual cortex to moving and stationary stimuli. (ox.ac.uk)
Dramatic differences between the adaptation characteristics of moving and stationary stimuli were observed, however. (cambridge.org)

In two experiments, magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to investigate the effects of motion on gamma oscillations in human early visual cortex. (ox.ac.uk)
When presented centrally, but not peripherally, stationary and moving gratings elicited several evoked and induced response components in early visual cortex. (ox.ac.uk)
Predicting the stream of consciousness from activity in early visual cortex. (mpg.de)
Attentional integration between anatomically distinct stimulus representations in early visual cortex. (mpg.de)
Population receptive field shapes in early visual cortex are nearly circular. (neurotree.org)

Our results suggest that the cortical OFF pathway is faster than the ON pathway at increasing and suppressing visual responses, and these differences have parallels in the human visual perception of lights and darks. (zotero.org)
In particular, the invariance of complex cell responses in primary visual cortex against small translations is commonly interpreted as a signature of an invariant coding strategy possibly originating from an unsupervised learning principle. (zotero.org)
No cell showed any enhancement of responses to drifting test stimuli after adapting with moving gratings. (cambridge.org)
We used fMRI to study the emergence of "visual" cortex responses to sound and spoken language in blind children and adolescents. (jneurosci.org)
We find that "visual" cortex responses to sound increase between 4 and 17 years of age. (jneurosci.org)
Over time vision might eliminate these non-visual responses in sighted children, whereas they are maintained in children who are blind. (jneurosci.org)
Responses of human visual cortex to uniform surfaces. (mpg.de)
A pioneering study in which microelectrodes were used to record extracellurarly responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex of anaesthetized cats. (wikibooks.org)
To estimate average cell population behavior, transient elevations of extracellular potassium ([K+]o) were recorded with ion-selective microelectrodes Such [K+]o responses were selective for stimulus orientation and for direction of stimulus movement. (erowid.org)
The difference between the responses to preferred and to non preferred stimuli decreased in 3 cases, and the preferred direction was reversed on one occasion. (erowid.org)
At the beginning of the study, mice were presented with visual stimuli, and their neural responses were recorded. (cmu.edu)
After darkness exposure for eight days, the same stimuli were presented again to the mice and their visual responses were also recorded. (cmu.edu)
Evoked potentials (EPs), or evoked responses, measure the electrophysiologic responses of the nervous system to a variety of stimuli. (medscape.com)
To test responses of females with regular cycles during midfollicular and midluteal phase and of users of monophasic oral contraception pills (OCPs) to visual food cues. (medscape.com)
[ 7 ] To unravel mechanistic insights into the differential eating patterns during the menstrual cycle, we tested hormonal levels and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) brain responses to visual food cues of lean females with a regular cycle during midfollicular and midluteal phases. (medscape.com)
Increased variability of stimulus-driven cortical responses is associated with genetic variability in children with and without dyslexia. (cdc.gov)

During vision, it is believed that neural activity in the primary visual cortex is predominantly driven by sensory input from the environment. (nature.com)
was modulated, evoked potentials were generated in the primary auditory or visual cortices. (frontiersin.org)
and they found that attention enhances activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) when using a single stimulus. (frontiersin.org)
The primary visual cortex is the most studied visual area in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
The primary visual cortex is divided into six functionally distinct layers, labeled 1 to 6. (wikipedia.org)
The average number of neurons in the adult human primary visual cortex in each hemisphere has been estimated at 140 million. (wikipedia.org)
To investigate this relationship, we used optical imaging in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). (jneurosci.org)
Here we investigate these issues with experiments in the primary visual cortex (V1) of the mouse. (jneurosci.org)
Lateral geniculate neurons projecting to primary visual cortex show ocular dominance plasticity in adult mice. (uni-bonn.de)
Electroencephalogram (EEG) studies using the Contralateral Delay Activity (CDA) paradigm have revealed that cortical representations of VWM are at a minimum loosely organized like the primary visual system, such that the left side of space is represented in the right hemisphere, and vice versa. (scirp.org)
Brodmann area 17, V1, or primary visual cortex interprets and transfers information received from the retina, such as shape, motion, location, and color of objects in the visual field. (medicinenet.com)
Data and statistical analysis of the study revealed that two types of gamma waves were generated in the primary visual cortex - part of the brain that receives visual input from the retina - in both monkeys and humans. (deccanherald.com)
This study is the first to show that gamma waves are also found in the primary visual cortex area. (deccanherald.com)
In the primary visual cortex, visual stimulus properties within a specific location determine local synchronization strength, while the match of stimulus properties between distant locations controls long-range synchronization. (researchgate.net)
In the primary visual cortex (V1), pyramidal cells (PCs) integrate widely across space when signals are weak, but integrate narrowly when signals are strong, a phenomenon known as contrast-dependent surround suppression. (researchgate.net)
Predicting the orientation of invisible stimuli from activity in human primary visual cortex. (mpg.de)
Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. (purdue.edu)
In vision, error signals have been found in the primary visual cortex (V1). (gla.ac.uk)
Twenty minutes of 1 mA anodal tDCS were applied over the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to the dominant (right) hand, during the first half of a 40 min power-grip task. (surrey.ac.uk)
In doses up to 50 mcg/kg i.v. LSD depressed the response to optical stimuli, and the unstimulated background firing of some neurons, but enhanced the activity of other neurons in the primary visual receiving area of cats. (erowid.org)
Visual Experience Has Opposing Influences on the Quality of Stimulus Representation in Adult Primary Visual Cortex. (cmu.edu)

We tested whether stimulus-reward pairing is sufficient to increase the sensorial representation of a stimulus by recording local field potentials (LFPs) in macaque extrastriate area V4 with chronically implanted electrodes. (mit.edu)
Neurons in the visual cortex fire action potentials when visual stimuli appear within their receptive field. (wikipedia.org)
The power of steady-state visual evoked potentials was lower for high-reward items regardless of list composition, suggesting that high reward decreased visual processing of the stimuli and that ssVEPs may index the modulation of context-to-item associations predicted by eCMR. (biorxiv.org)
Photic visual stimuli or touching may trigger myoclonic jerks, which may cause abnormalities on an electroencephalogram (eg, focal or generalized spike-and-wave or polyspike-and-wave epileptiform discharges, giant somatosensory evoked potentials). (msdmanuals.com)
However, there are no electroencephalogram abnormalities or giant somatosensory evoked potentials, and photic visual stimuli are not a trigger. (msdmanuals.com)
Electroencephalography (EEG) measures the electrical activity (field potentials) in the cortex through electrodes attached to the scalp. (lu.se)

Many researchers have shown it is possible to identify and measure different patterns of cerebral signals, related to external visual stimuli, when subjects are submitted to tasks of recognizing simple geometric images (circles, squares, triangles) presented in virtual format of 2 and 3 dimensions accordingly (Guizhi, 2006). (bvsalud.org)

Author SummaryA key question in visual neuroscience is how neural representations achieve invariance against appearance changes of objects. (zotero.org)

To test this idea, we studied single neurons in macaque monkey intermediate visual (area V4) and somatosensory (area SII) cortex, using matched shape stimuli. (zotero.org)
These parallel tuning patterns imply analogous shape coding mechanisms in intermediate visual and somatosensory cortex. (zotero.org)
The results showed a clear attention-related ERP component in the single stimulus condition, but the suppression components associated with the three interval conditions seemed to be dominant in somatosensory areas. (frontiersin.org)
Alpha-band brain oscillations shape the processing of perceptible as well as imperceptible somatosensory stimuli during selective attention. (mpg.de)
The somatosensory system is a 3-neuron system that relays sensations detected in the periphery and conveys them via pathways through the spinal cord, brainstem, and thalamic relay nuclei to the sensory cortex in the parietal lobe. (medscape.com)

Here, we demonstrate that this OFF temporal advantage is transferred to visual cortex and has a correlate in human perception. (zotero.org)
More recently, Goodale and Milner extended these ideas and suggested that the ventral stream is critical for visual perception whereas the dorsal stream mediates the visual control of skilled actions. (wikipedia.org)
Although larger response magnitudes were reported for scenes presented contralaterally, fMRI adaptation was found not to depend on visual field position, indicating perhaps, the presence of receptive fields that span the vertical meridian ( MacEvoy and Epstein, 2007 ) and suggesting RSC plays a more prominent role in spatial memory rather than scene perception per se ( MacEvoy and Epstein, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
The same cortical tissue can take on visual perception and language functions. (jneurosci.org)
Scientists think that gamma waves aid in visual perception, feelings and repeating words. (deccanherald.com)
Neural basis of visual body perception and self-other distinction. (mpg.de)
Simulation of visual perception and learning with a retinal prosthesis. (neurotree.org)
An introduction into active visual perception is provided in Chapter 1. (gla.ac.uk)
René Descartes, inspired by anatomical observations of nerve fibers, suggested in his monumental work Principles of Philosophy that (in modern terms) visual stimuli of the external world are captured and transmitted as fluids traveling through nerve fibers, leading to an internal representation that eventually becomes a perception in the mind. (sigarch.org)
In this sense, we, computing systems designers, can directly modulate human visual perception (HVP) - even without implanting a device into the human brain. (sigarch.org)
Brian's data helps shed light on the various, complex factors that drive plasticity in the visual cortex, and bring us one step closer to understanding how eye injury and disease might affect visual perception,' said Steven Chase , professor of biomedical engineering and a co-author on the paper. (cmu.edu)

A model with distinct adaptive mechanisms in FF and FB streams predicts MAE at different time scales of exposure to skewed natural stimuli more accurately than other model variants constituting single adaptive mechanism: Multiple adaptive mechanisms might be implemented via FB pathways. (purdue.edu)

Selective encoding can be studied by manipulating how valuable it is for participants to remember specific stimuli, for instance by varying the monetary reward participants receive for recalling a particular stimulus in a subsequent memory test. (biorxiv.org)
In addition, ERPs can be measured to very specific stimuli e.g., specific words in sentences instead of at the end of the sentence as in the case of behavioural reaction time studies. (lu.se)

We address the "stability-plasticity-conundrum" in the mouse visual system, retrosplenial cortex, and hippocampal formation on multiple scales, ranging from the synaptic to the circuit level. (uni-bonn.de)
Plasticity in the visual cortex of blind individuals provides a rare window into the mechanisms of cortical specialization. (jneurosci.org)
All existing data on visual cortex plasticity in blindness come from adults. (jneurosci.org)
Sensory cortices are inherently dynamic and exhibit plasticity in response to a variety of stimuli. (intechopen.com)
Furthermore, it was explored in mice, how the application of drugs (serotonin and ketamine) modulates potential plasticity within the visual system. (intechopen.com)

However, in the mammalian auditory system many aspects of this hierarchical organization remain undiscovered, including the prominent classes of high-level representations (that would be analogous to face selectivity in the visual system or selectivity to bird's own song in the bird) and the dominant types of invariant transformations. (zotero.org)
Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we combine detailed mapping of both population receptive fields (pRF) and category-selectivity, with independently acquired resting-state functional connectivity analyses, to examine scene and retinotopic processing within medial parietal cortex. (frontiersin.org)
We suggest that there is posterior-anterior gradient within medial parietal cortex, with posterior regions in the POS showing retinotopically based scene-selectivity and more anterior regions showing connectivity that may be more reflective of abstract, navigationally pertinent and possibly mnemonic representations. (frontiersin.org)
Adaptation-induced changes in the temporal-frequency tuning and direction selectivity of cat visual cortical cells were studied. (cambridge.org)
A selective stimulus that triggers the neuron is called selectivity of the neuron. (coursehero.com)
These inferotemporal neurons have a unique feature called stimulus selectivity. (coursehero.com)
The repeated visual exposure to the same faces, as the student starts attending college regularly, allows the occurrence of the shift in the selectivity. (coursehero.com)

Sensory input originating from the eyes travels through the lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus and then reaches the visual cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Each hemisphere's V1 receives information directly from its ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus that receives signals from the contralateral visual hemifield. (wikipedia.org)
Layer 4, which receives most visual input from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), is further divided into 4 layers, labelled 4A, 4B, 4Cα, and 4Cβ. (wikipedia.org)
These cells make up the LGN, or lateral geniculate nucleus, the only pathway through which visual information travels from the outside world into the brain. (scienceandnonduality.com)
A scientifically sound answer requires understanding the complex processing that takes place in the entire human visual pathway , including processing on the retina, in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, and by the visual cortex of the brain. (sigarch.org)

Frontal influences on human retinotopic visual cortex revealed by combining TMS with fMRI and psychophysics. (mpg.de)

Figure 2: Time series plots of neural activity recorded under the three interleaved stimulus conditions at three different ages. (nature.com)

The time course of the effect of stimulus-reward pairing and its reversal differed between an early and late interval of the LFP response: a fast change in the later part of the neural response that was dissociated from a slower change in the early part of the response. (mit.edu)
These results suggest that in both the developing and mature visual cortex, sensory evoked neural activity represents the modulation and triggering of ongoing circuit dynamics by input signals, rather than directly reflecting the structure of the input signal itself. (nature.com)
Brain state has profound effects on neural processing and stimulus encoding in sensory cortices. (researchgate.net)
The study by researchers in Carnegie Mellon's Mellon College of Science (opens in new window) and the College of Engineering (opens in new window) found evidence that a week after transient dark exposure, the brain's neural networks adjust the way they process visual information thereby improving vision. (cmu.edu)
Polarity (plus or minus) and topography (the distribution of the ERP waveforms over the skull) are differences that indicate different neural generators of the electrical activity measured for the particular event, or stimuli. (lu.se)

While this region is typically referred to as RSC, the spatial extent of our scene-selective region typically did not extend into retrosplenial cortex, and thus we adopt the term medial place area (MPA) to refer to this visually defined scene-selective region. (frontiersin.org)

the structure of sensory stimulus that enters through the retina is retained within V1. (gla.ac.uk)
It receives light from the outside world and projects a scale replica of our visual field onto the retina, which sits in the back of the eye. (scienceandnonduality.com)
The retina is connected to the visual cortex, the part of the brain in the back of the head. (scienceandnonduality.com)
However, there's very little connectivity between the retina and the visual cortex. (scienceandnonduality.com)
For a visual area roughly one-quarter the size of a full moon, there are only about 10 nerve cells connecting the retina to the visual cortex. (scienceandnonduality.com)
But the brain doesn't take a picture, the retina does, and the information passed from the retina to the visual cortex is sparse. (scienceandnonduality.com)
While the cortex and the retina are connected by relatively few neurons, the cortex itself is dense with nerve cells. (scienceandnonduality.com)
For every 10 LGN neurons that snake back from the retina, there are 4,000 neurons in just the initial "input layer" of the visual cortex - and many more in the rest of it. (scienceandnonduality.com)
But all previous efforts assumed that more information travels between the retina and the cortex - an assumption that would make the visual cortex's response to stimuli easier to explain. (scienceandnonduality.com)
When immersed in a virtual environment (e.g., when a user wears a VR headset), however, much of the visual stimuli generated from the computer systems will fall in the peripheral of the retina. (sigarch.org)

The dorsal stream begins with V1, goes through Visual area V2, then to the dorsomedial area (DM/V6) and medial temporal area (MT/V5) and to the posterior parietal cortex. (wikipedia.org)
Consistent with prior research, we also observed differential functional connectivity in medial parietal cortex for anterior over posterior PPA, as well as a region on the lateral surface, the caudal inferior parietal lobule (cIPL). (frontiersin.org)
However, the differential connectivity in medial parietal cortex was found principally anterior of MPA. (frontiersin.org)
1991). Organization of visual inputs to the inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex in macaques. (scirp.org)

Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. (wikibooks.org)

Recently, we demonstrated differential retinotopic biases for the contralateral lower and upper visual fields within OPA and PPA, respectively. (frontiersin.org)
Visual working memory capacity in retinotopic cortex: Number, resolution, and population receptive fields. (scirp.org)
An increased activation was found for spatiotemporally unpredictable stimuli directly after eye-movement, indicating the predictive feedback was projected to the new retinotopic region with saccade. (gla.ac.uk)

In the present ERP study, we modified the traditional spatial attention paradigm by adding double stimuli presentations at short intervals (i.e., 10, 30, and 100 ms). Seventeen subjects participated in the experiment. (frontiersin.org)
Multivariate pattern classification reveals control regions for visual spatial attention in prefrontal cortex. (mpg.de)
Spatial attentional selection modulates early visual stimulus processing independently of visual alpha modulations. (mpg.de)
Using two-photon calcium imaging, we recorded hippocampal CA1 somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing interneurons as mice performed a goal-directed spatial navigation task in new visual virtual reality (VR) contexts. (elifesciences.org)

We found that MPA demonstrates a significant contralateral visual field bias, coupled with large pRF sizes. (frontiersin.org)
In the present study we examined whether tDCS over the contralateral motor cortex enhances learning of grip-force output in a visually guided feedback task in young and neurologically healthy volunteers. (surrey.ac.uk)

But, for any given neuron, it may respond best to a subset of stimuli within its receptive field. (wikipedia.org)
For example, a neuron in V1 may fire to any vertical stimulus in its receptive field. (wikipedia.org)
For example, in the inferior temporal cortex (IT), a neuron may fire only when a certain face appears in its receptive field. (wikipedia.org)
The receptive field of this neuron is in the visual cortex. (coursehero.com)
Before the face is recognized each neuron detects a normal stimulus. (coursehero.com)

Le R, Gafni C, Ben-Shachar M, Wandell B . Stimulus dependence of population receptive fields within the visual field maps and the visual word form area Journal of Vision . (neurotree.org)

Barth DS, Baumgartner C, Di S (1990) Laminar interactions in rat motor cortex during cyclical excitability changes of the penicillin focus. (springer.com)
tDCS over motor cortex (M1), for instance, facilitates motor learning in stroke patients. (surrey.ac.uk)

Unlike previous studies that have shown a single gamma rhythm in the primate visual cortex, we found that large visual gratings induce two distinct gamma oscillations in both monkey and human electroencephalogram,' say the researchers. (deccanherald.com)
Topographical Mapping In Primate Visual Cortex - History, Anatomy, and Computation. (routledge.com)

Thus, simple stimulus-reward pairing is sufficient to strengthen stimulus representations in visual cortex and does this by means of two dissociable mechanisms. (mit.edu)
We predicted that schema representations in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) would be correlated with successful recall of story details. (elifesciences.org)

Amongst the several concepts applied to the mental model, the most adequate one for this research refers to the formation and strengthening of the neuronal net through the presence of more synapses associated to stimulus that modify the concepts and the relationship between the subject and his environment (Merrill, 2000). (bvsalud.org)

This type of processing may allow humans to easily discriminate between multiple stimuli on the same body part. (frontiersin.org)
Then we had another category of visual stimuli that look just like ripples because those strongly activate the visual cortex in humans. (mentalfloss.com)

showed that amplitudes of mid-latency components such as N140 and P200 were enhanced in response to tactile stimuli presented to the attended hand. (frontiersin.org)

Area TE projects to the perirhinal cortex and, via uncinate fascicle, to the prefrontal cortex. (ox.ac.uk)
In our hands, ablations of perirhinal cortex or disconnection of prefrontal cortex from TE (by transection of uncinate fascicle) did not impair learning with delayed reward. (ox.ac.uk)
This revealed that a brain area called the medial prefrontal cortex plays an important role in creating and retrieving memories for items related to a schema. (elifesciences.org)
The scans showed that when volunteers' medial prefrontal cortex kept track of the schema throughout the whole time that an event was happening, they were more likely to score well on the memory test. (elifesciences.org)
But it wasn't necessary for medial prefrontal cortex to hold the schema in mind when remembering the story. (elifesciences.org)

that have come much closer to human performance in visual identification and categorization. (zotero.org)
2009). Visual field maps, population receptive field sizes, and visual field coverage in the human MT+ complex. (scirp.org)
Our findings suggest that early in life, human cortex has a remarkably broad computational capacity. (jneurosci.org)
These findings suggest that, early in development, human cortex can take on a strikingly wide range of functions. (jneurosci.org)
Odor quality coding and categorization in human posterior piriform cortex. (mpg.de)
In a study of nine human subjects, we determined whether such facilitation (the "gap effect") occurs equivalently for the disappearance of fixated auditory stimuli and fixated visual stimuli. (mit.edu)
It turns out that the visual cortex of each human brain is in many ways unique, like a fingerprint. (mentalfloss.com)
Effects of EEG-vigilance regulation patterns on early perceptual processes in human visual cortex. (mpg.de)
This is the great mystery of human vision: Vivid pictures of the world appear before our mind's eye, yet the brain's visual system receives very little information from the world itself. (scienceandnonduality.com)
Previous efforts to model human vision made wishful assumptions about the architecture of the visual cortex. (scienceandnonduality.com)

The dorsal stream, sometimes called the "Where Pathway" or "How Pathway", is associated with motion, representation of object locations, and control of the eyes and arms, especially when visual information is used to guide saccades or reaching. (wikipedia.org)

Long-term (adulthood) effects of these perinatal treatments on associative learning, as inferred by learned fear to contextual stimuli, were not evident. (researchgate.net)

These results together suggest that sensory cortices are capable of adapting to intense experiences by going through a recalibration of corresponding or neighboring sensory area(s) to redirect the sensory function and exhibit remarkable extent of neuroplasticity within the brain. (intechopen.com)

We conclude that in the absence of visual input, spoken language colonizes the visual system during brain development. (jneurosci.org)
It helps the brain identify objects, recognize language, and plays an important role in visual and auditory processing. (medicinenet.com)
Now, a new study by researchers at the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, has revealed how visual stimuli that include TV screens and video games can impact a type of brain waves called gamma waves in primates. (deccanherald.com)
Though scientists have studied gamma waves of the brain in the past, this study is the first to observe a relationship between the size of the visual stimulus and the pattern of gamma waves generated. (deccanherald.com)
Everyone wants to feel special, but it turns out you really are: Your brain reacts and responds to stimuli so uniquely to you that scientists can use a "brain print" to identify you from others with 100 percent accuracy. (mentalfloss.com)
Yet the brain must be doing a pretty good job of inventing the visual world, since we don't routinely bump into doors. (scienceandnonduality.com)
They're creating a single mathematical model that unites years of biological experiments and explains how the brain produces elaborate visual reproductions of the world based on scant visual information. (scienceandnonduality.com)
They've explained how neurons in the visual cortex interact to detect the edges of objects and changes in contrast, and now they're working on explaining how the brain perceives the direction in which objects are moving. (scienceandnonduality.com)
You may think of the brain as taking a photograph of what you see in your visual field," Young said. (scienceandnonduality.com)
This discrepancy suggests that the brain heavily processes the little visual data it does receive. (scienceandnonduality.com)
In females with regular cycles, brain regions associated with homeostasis but also the reward system, executive frontal areas, and afferent visual areas were activated to a greater degree during the luteal compared with the follicular phase. (medscape.com)

We found no evidence for such oscillations in the inferior temporal visual cortex and related areas of awake macaques fixating effective static visual stimuli, which for the neurons analysed were faces. (lincoln.ac.uk)

In particular, using a quantitative behavioural assay combined with computational modelling, we find that males use fast modulations in visual and self-motion signals to pattern their songs, a relationship that we show is evolutionarily conserved. (zotero.org)
the visual cortex in the left hemisphere receives signals from the right visual field, and the visual cortex in the right hemisphere receives signals from the left visual field. (wikipedia.org)
Firstly, the presence of internal generative models for the visual environment, secondly feedback connections which project prediction signals of the model to lower cortical processing areas to interact with sensory input, and thirdly prediction errors which are produced when the sensory input is not predicted by feedback signals. (gla.ac.uk)
Swallowing occurs when descending excitatory and inhibitory signals from the cortex and subcortex and ascending signals from the oropharyngeal area trigger the central pattern generator in the bulbar reticular formation ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)

The ventral stream begins with V1, goes through visual area V2, then through visual area V4, and to the inferior temporal cortex (IT cortex). (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy49

Organisms19

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs14

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Psychiatry and Psychology71

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science12

Health Care6

Cerebral Cortex13

Striate5

Occipital14

Cortical neurons3

Stimulation8

Moving and stationary stimuli2

Early visual cortex5

Responses16

Primary21

Potentials6

External visual stimuli1

Neuroscience1

Somatosensory5

Perception11

Natural stimuli1

Specific stimuli2

Plasticity5

Selectivity7

Lateral genicul5

FMRI1

Interleaved stimulus conditions1

Neural5

Retrosplenial cortex1

Retina10

Parietal cortex4

Cat's1

Retinotopic3

Spatial4

Contralateral2

Neuron5

Population receptive fields1

Motor cortex2

Primate visual2

Representations2

Neuronal1

Humans2

Tactile1

Prefrontal5

Human10

Representation1

Contextual1

Sensory cortices1

Brain11

Macaques1

Signals4

Inferior temporal1