• Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Sole J, Wassermann E, Brasil-Neto J, Cohen L, Hallett M. Effects of focal transcranial magnetic stimulation on simple reaction time to acoustic, visual and somatosensory stimuli. (springer.com)
  • Auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli as well as the acts of writing, reading, eating, and decision making are examples of events or activities that may induce seizure activity in affected individuals. (lookformedical.com)
  • ECochG generally involves measurement of the stimulus-related cochlear potentials (as opposed to the resting potentials), and often includes measurement of the whole nerve or compound action potential (AP) of the auditory nerve. (audiologyonline.com)
  • However, the precise therapeutic intervention must be based on a deeper understanding of its dynamic molecular distribution and function in cochlear pathogenesis after acoustic trauma. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cochlear implants, hearing prostheses for the inner ear, provide a remedy: acoustic impulses picked up by a microphone are converted into electrical impulses. (uni-freiburg.de)
  • Hyperekplexia (HE), first described by Kirstein and Silfverskiold in 1958, is a rare and nonepileptic clinical entity characterized by exaggerated and generalized startle responses to acoustic, optic, or tactile stimuli [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We have investigated the responses of neurones in the guinea-pig superior colliculus to combinations of visual and auditory stimuli. (nih.gov)
  • Neurones whose responses to visual stimuli were enhanced by an auditory stimulus were found in the superficial layers. (nih.gov)
  • Neurones that responded to both visual and auditory stimuli presented separately and gave enhanced or depressed responses to bimodal stimulation were found throughout the deep layers, but were concentrated in the stratum griseum intermediale and extended into the stratum opticum. (nih.gov)
  • Some birds explored their immediate airspace avidly, while others exhibited a more restrained set of behavioral responses to sound stimulation. (acoustics.org)
  • Females were slightly more responsive to sound stimuli than males, and not surprisingly, stimuli that elicited a higher number of responses also elicited stronger or more evident responses. (acoustics.org)
  • Complex and natural sounds, for example, sounds produced by eagles, eaglets and pesky mobbing crow sounds, elicited more and stronger responses than man-made stimuli. (acoustics.org)
  • We now know what these magnificent birds can hear, and we know that certain sound stimuli are more effective than others in evoking behavioral responses, taking us one step closer to our ultimate goal, to save bald eagles from undesirable outcomes and to give wind facility developers the tools needed to manage their facilities in an even more eco-friendly manner. (acoustics.org)
  • Due to the uniformity and high accuracy of stimulus waveform, tens of neuronal cell responses located on the transducer surface can be recorded simultaneously with fluorescence microscopy. (jask.or.kr)
  • Through the proposed ultrasound transducer, we could successfully observe the calcium responses induced by low-intensity ultrasound stimulation of 6 MHz, 0.2 MPa in astrocytes cultured on the transducer surface. (jask.or.kr)
  • The Startle Reflex experiment consists of a set of sudden, relatively intense stimuli, in which animals naturally produce simple behavioral responses to external stimuli, including a series of rapid movements starting with the head and tail: Enhanced, the animal's major muscle groups appear to contract and relax. (zslab1.com)
  • Removing a miner from beneath the hazard requires not only measurements of remote (noncontact) responses, but also remote vibration stimulation. (cdc.gov)
  • Wilson S, Lockwood R, Thickbroom G, Mastaglia F. The muscle silent period following transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation. (springer.com)
  • Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation. (springer.com)
  • Kanai R, Paulus W, Walsh V. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) modulates cortical excitability as assessed by TMS-induced phosphene thresholds. (springer.com)
  • Miranda PC, Lomarev M, Hallett M. Modeling the current distribution during transcranial direct current stimulation. (springer.com)
  • Wagner T, Zahn M, Grodzinsky A, Pascual-Leone A. Three-dimensional head model simulation of transcranial magnetic stimulation. (springer.com)
  • Cogiamanian F, Marceglia S, Ardolino G, Barbieri S, Priori A. Improved isometric force endurance after transcranial direct current stimulation over the human motor cortical areas. (springer.com)
  • Axford P, Lakany H, Conway B. The effects of transcranial stimulation on enhanced physiological tremor: a pilot study. (springer.com)
  • Nitsche M, Paulus W. Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans. (springer.com)
  • Polarity-sensitive modulation of cortical neurotransmitters by transcranial stimulation. (springer.com)
  • Clark VP, Coffman BA, Trumbo MC, Gasparovic C. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) produces localized and specific alterations in neurochemistry: a 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. (springer.com)
  • Tharayil BS, Gangadhar BN, Thirthalli J, Anand L. Seizure with single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in a 35-year-old otherwise-healthy patient with bipolar disorder. (springer.com)
  • Here, we investigated whether such fear extinction recall can be facilitated by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). (nature.com)
  • Finally, Study #3, which was performed in a brain-damaged patient, showed that the integrity of the left parieto-cerebellar circuit is required for an appropriate spatial remapping of proprioceptive maps to occur, and that the modulation through transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of these cortical areas temporarily restores the aftereffects. (unimib.it)
  • The inner ear functions as the sensorineural receptor organ of the auditory system, converting an acoustic waveform into an electrochemical stimulus that can be transmitted to the CNS. (medscape.com)
  • An alternating current (AC) voltage that mirrors the waveform of the acoustic stimulus at low-moderate levels of stimulation. (audiologyonline.com)
  • An amplitude modulated stimulus IPD can be assessed by looking at either the waveform envelope or the waveform fine structure . (wikipedia.org)
  • This kinematic stimuli needs to be well characterized, precisely controlled, consistent in amplitude, and consistent in kinematic makeup. (wikipedia.org)
  • VsEPA stimuli needs to be a brief or transient, high amplitude, angular acceleration pulse. (wikipedia.org)
  • Past research already stressed the impact of noise stimulation as well as the superiority of amplitude modulated (AM) pure tones at the individual tinnitus frequency for RI in tonal tinnitus. (karger.com)
  • This shift is known as the interaural phase difference (IPD) and can be used for measuring the ITDs of periodic inputs such as pure tones and amplitude modulated stimuli. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acoustic stimuli with defined frequency and amplitude components were shown to activate and enhance neuronal ensembles in the IC. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Repetitive 40-kHz pure tone stimulation significantly enhanced ventral IC regions, which was confirmed in the statistical maps showing active regions whose volumes increased in direct proportion to the amplitude of the sound stimuli (65 dB, 77 dB, and 89 dB peak sound pressure level). (uea.ac.uk)
  • We show that the amplitude of an elicited auditory startle response is greater when the startle stimuli are presented simultaneously with a low-frequency masker, including masker tones that are outside the sensitivity range of the cochlea. (figshare.com)
  • IE uses a low-amplitude, high-frequency source (often a spring-loaded or solenoid-driven ball bearing) to obtain a frequency-domain measure of the compression wave's travel time between the outer surface and internal planar discontinuities or external boundaries that exhibit an acoustic impedance mismatch. (cdc.gov)
  • RESULTS: We find a decreased amplitude in the response to auditory stimuli and reduced recruitment of neurones to fast steady-state gamma oscillatory activity. (lu.se)
  • While performing this sensory transduction process, the inner ear analyzes a sound stimulus in terms of its frequency, intensity, and temporal properties, and it transmits this information to the CNS for further processing and interpretation. (medscape.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate whether in participants with noise-like tinnitus RI can be increased by AM noise stimuli according to the individual tinnitus frequency range. (karger.com)
  • Kanai R, Chaieb L, Antal A, Walsh V, Paulus W. Frequency-dependent electrical stimulation of the visual cortex. (springer.com)
  • The science dealing with the correlation of the physical characteristics of a stimulus, e.g., frequency or intensity, with the response to the stimulus, in order to assess the psychologic factors involved in the relationship. (lookformedical.com)
  • A subtype of epilepsy characterized by seizures that are consistently provoked by a certain specific stimulus. (lookformedical.com)
  • We address temporal and spatial characteristics of the hemodynamic response to auditory stimulation as well as experimental factors that affect fNIRS data such as acoustic and stimulus-driven effects. (journalofhearingscience.com)
  • Furthermore, the probability of interneurones to fire with low interspike intervals during 80 Hz auditory stimulation was reduced in Df(h15q13)/+ mice, an effect that was partially reversed by the Kv3.1 channel modulator, RE1. (lu.se)
  • This became possible after Walter Rudolf Hess (1881-1973) developed in the late 1920s the focal brain stimulation technique to examine how regions within the diencephalon control vegetative functions in cats. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Huber had learned the focal brain stimulation technique from Hess, and he applied this approach to the brains of crickets. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Separately, subjects performed psychophysical lateralization tasks using the same stimuli to determine ITD discrimination thresholds jointly as a function of IFM and sound level. (bvsalud.org)
  • Facilitation and modulation of neural plasticity through rehabilitative strategies, such as early interventions with repetitive goal-oriented intensive therapy, appropriate non-invasive brain stimulation, and pharmacological agents, are the keys to promote motor recovery. (frontiersin.org)
  • To date, most applications of this technique have either been applied to highly repetitive stimuli where the same few bars repeat over and over again (Cirelli et al. (researchgate.net)
  • We report that, for visual stimuli, neurons showed circumscribed receptive fields consistent with a map, but for auditory stimuli, they had open-ended response patterns consistent with a rate or level-of-activity code for location. (duke.edu)
  • We investigated the behavioral and physiological stress reactions of five individually housed dairy goats to different acoustic and visual stimuli from helicopters and to combinations of these stimuli under controlled environmental (indoor) conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The absence of a physiological stress response and of elevated emotional reactivity of goats subjected to helicopter stimuli is discussed in relation to the design and testing schedule of this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Boden S, Obrig H, Köhncke C, Benav H, Koch SP, Steinbrink J. The oxygenation response to functional stimulation: is there a physiological meaning to the lag between parameters? (journalofhearingscience.com)
  • My Doctoral Thesis investigated different aspects of bodily and spatial representations, how they are modulated by multisensory stimulation, and some physiological correlates of their manipulation. (unimib.it)
  • Our results show that acoustic dose alters the extracellular matrix and physiological activity-related gene expression, which indicates that the acoustic stimulation is an important tool for regulating the stem cells' differentiation processes in cell therapy. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • The stimulus needs to be a transient, rapidly changing pulse (i.e. linear jerk stimulus). (wikipedia.org)
  • Audiofile is triggered with a TTL pulse, typically from a Visual Stimulus Generator (like the Cambridge Research Systems Display++ or Bits# ) or data acquisition system. (crsltd.com)
  • ANOVAs revealed no significant differences in startle to pulse alone stimuli, habituation of startle, or PPI between the olanzapine, haloperidol and unmedicated groups. (nih.gov)
  • One function can also be set multiple times, for example the stimulation pulse, which can serve as a booster . (dogtrace.com)
  • Vines BW, Cerruti C, Schlaug G. Dual-hemisphere tDCS facilitates greater improvements for healthy subjects' non-dominant hand compared to uni-hemisphere stimulation. (springer.com)
  • Either anodal tDCS or sham stimulation targeting the vmPFC was applied during this test. (nature.com)
  • VsEP assesses the non-auditory portions of the labyrinth and requires kinematic stimuli (i.e. motion) instead of sound stimuli and bear only a loose relationship to VEMPs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The objective was to generate bandpass filtered stimuli according to the individual tinnitus sound (individualized bandpass filtered [IBP] sounds). (karger.com)
  • [1] A consequence of this duplex system is that it is also possible to generate so-called "cue trading" or "time-intensity trading" stimuli on headphones, where ITDs pointing to the left are offset by ILDs pointing to the right, so the sound is perceived as coming from the midline. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, there is a phase difference between the sound waves entering the ears providing acoustic localisation cues. (wikipedia.org)
  • The specific question under consideration centers on whether or not an acoustic cue, a sound, can be used for that purpose, to steer eagles away from harm's way. (acoustics.org)
  • Our specific goal in this particular study was to take the next step along our overall research path and determine if behaviors of bald eagles in particular were affected by different sound stimuli in a controlled laboratory environment. (acoustics.org)
  • By far the most common response was an attempt to localize the sound source based on head turning toward a speaker, although birds also frequently tilted their heads in response to stimuli. (acoustics.org)
  • AuDi-o-Mentia is a home assistive system that works with the use of sound stimuli. (ercim.eu)
  • The sound stimulus was selected because is beneficial for the sufferers and help them recall their identity, with better results than those produced by other stimuli, like an optical stimulus [1, 2]. (ercim.eu)
  • AuDi-o-Mentia's function is to reproduce a distinctive sound representing each of the familiar faces of the sufferers, in order to provide them with an additional stimulus to recognise their loved ones. (ercim.eu)
  • These IC activity patterns were analyzed quantitatively using voxel-based statistical comparisons between groups of mice with or without sound stimulation. (uea.ac.uk)
  • These results demonstrate that MEMRI statistical mapping can be used to analyze both the 3D spatial patterns and the magnitude of activity evoked by sound stimuli carrying different energy. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Insertion loss is typically measured using microphone-based acoustic manikins to measure the decrease in sound pressure level transmitted into the ear canal, which precisely measure the change in air conducted sound, but neglect alternate pathways to the inner ear such as bone conduction. (bvsalud.org)
  • Labmaze shock reflex experiment system adopts advanced three-axis acceleration digital sensor and computer network transmission technology, flexibly controls sound, light, electricity, touch and other stimuli, effectively captures the shock response of animals, can automatically complete the entire experimental process, and can analyze and record at the same time Shock reflex behavior in 16 animals. (zslab1.com)
  • Tinnitus describes the perception of a phantom sound in the absence of acoustic stimulation. (tinact.eu)
  • As impact-generated vibrations interact with nearby low-stiffness fracture interfaces and imperfect interfaces between rock layers, loose blocks of rock resonate weakly and produce airborne sound through seismic-acoustic wave conversion. (cdc.gov)
  • The main problem in hyperekplexia is the incomplete development of inhibitory mechanisms or exaggerated stimulation of excitatory mediators. (hindawi.com)
  • Facilitatory and inhibitory interactions were observed and, occasionally, both effects were found in the same neurone at different inter-stimulus intervals. (nih.gov)
  • Different stimuli, different spatial codes: a visual map and an auditory rate code for oculomotor space in the primate superior colliculus. (duke.edu)
  • METHODS: Human cadaver heads were exposed to impulsive acoustic pressure waves with peak overpressures of 7 and 28 kPa (171 & 183 dB SPL). (bvsalud.org)
  • Studies of the acoustic startle response and of its inhibition by the presentation of a non-startling preliminary stimulus (prepulse inhibition, PPI) have revealed deficits in PPI in schizophrenic subjects compared to healthy controls. (nih.gov)
  • It attempts to understand how sensory organs and central structures process behaviorally relevant stimuli, and how this information is integrated by the central nervous system to produce the behavioral output observed under natural conditions. (scholarpedia.org)
  • Similarly, by stimulation of discrete areas in the hypothalamus of alert chicken Erich von Holst was able to evoke specific, and sometime even quite complex, behavioral patterns, and to study the interactive structure of behavioral motivations . (scholarpedia.org)
  • Here we provide not only more evidence for the retained acoustic sensitivity of the sacculus, but we also found that acoustic stimulation of the sacculus has behavioral significance in mammals. (figshare.com)
  • Fear primes the organism to act reflexively in response to these stimuli or cues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The procedure of presenting the conditioned stimulus without REINFORCEMENT to an organism previously conditioned. (lookformedical.com)
  • The process whereby auditory stimuli are selected, organized, and interpreted by the organism. (lookformedical.com)
  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity to vocal and musical emotional stimuli was examined in 12 children with WS, 17 children with ASD, and 20 typically developing (TD) children, and related to their level of social functioning. (unicatt.it)
  • Increased amygdala activation to emotional auditory stimuli in the blind. (ox.ac.uk)
  • When these stimuli were presented separately, some of these neurones responded only to one modality, others to both and a few neurones reliably to neither. (nih.gov)
  • To bimodal stimulation, many of these neurones exhibited some form of cross-modality interaction, the degree and nature of which depended on the relative timing and location of the two stimuli. (nih.gov)
  • This shaker provides a transient stimuli, can generate angular or linear acceleration, and can couple to the skull directly (with skull screws) or via a stimulus platform. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultrasound brain stimulation is spot-lighted by its capability of inducing brain cell activation in a localized deep brain region and ultimately treating impaired brain function while the efficiency and directivity of neural modulation are highly dependent on types of stimulus waveforms. (jask.or.kr)
  • Neural differentiation of the hESCs is greatly accelerated after application of the acoustic stimulations. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • To compare the application time of the Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (A-ABR) between the click and CE-Chirp ® stimuli. (bvsalud.org)
  • By averaging the cell response traces from tens of cells, small changes to the low intensity ultrasound stimulations can be identified. (jask.or.kr)
  • The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways. (lookformedical.com)
  • The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed. (lookformedical.com)
  • Differential response to different stimuli. (lookformedical.com)
  • The feasibility of delineating damaged structures through the combination of remote stimulation and remote (noncontact) response measurements is the focus of this investigation. (cdc.gov)
  • The impulse-response and impact-echo techniques are both essentially drive-point response measurements, as is the miners' roof sounding, where a stimulus is applied and a response is measured in the same, or nearly same, location. (cdc.gov)
  • abstract = "Both Williams syndrome (WS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with unusual auditory phenotypes with respect to processing vocal and musical stimuli, which may be shaped by the atypical social profiles that characterize the syndromes. (unicatt.it)
  • This theory has gained empirical support from experiments using simple, abstract stimuli. (researchgate.net)
  • By stimulation of brain structures in the protocerebrum, he succeeded in eliciting and inhibiting complex behaviors, including calling, courtship, and aggressive songs, and associated motor patterns. (scholarpedia.org)
  • The ASD and WS groups exhibited arousal patterns suggestive of diminished habituation to the auditory stimuli. (unicatt.it)
  • There was a statistically significant difference between the mean times obtained through the CE-Chirp ® and Click stimuli for both ears (p=0.000). (bvsalud.org)
  • Prior to the comparison of the stimuli, an analysis was performed to check if there were differences between ears and sex, and the results were not statistically significant. (bvsalud.org)
  • When the stimuli were compared, there was a statistically significant difference in the examination time, being less for the stimulus (CE-chirp®), that is, CE-chirp® made the procedure faster. (bvsalud.org)
  • There was no statistically reliable rise of the average velocity of moving of the goats in their enclosure and no increase of the duration of moving during presentation of the stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For an abrupt stimulus such as a click, onset ITDs are measured. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study included only children with hearing thresholds below or equal to 15 dB, type A tympanometry, and presence of acoustic reflexes. (scielo.br)
  • Bits# visual stimulus processor converts an ordinary computer into a wide dynamic. (crsltd.com)
  • Grochowiak's work continues the long artistic tradition of synaesthesia in visual arts, the linkage of two different sensory perceptions - of seeing and hearing - similar to the Skrijabinian colour piano or Kandinsky's attempts to assign acoustic stimuli to particular colours. (kuenstlerbund.de)
  • We show that a read-out algorithm in which the site and level of SC activity both contribute to the computation of stimulus location is successful at evaluating the discrepant visual and auditory codes, and can account for subtle but systematic differences in the accuracy of auditory compared to visual saccades. (duke.edu)
  • We frequently perceive visual and auditory stimuli as being bound together if they seem likely to have arisen from a common source. (duke.edu)
  • The visual stimuli were helicopter animations projected on a large screen in front of the enclosures of the goats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acoustic and visual stimuli of a tractor were also presented. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The goats reacted alert to the visual and/or acoustic stimuli that were presented in their room. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that the behavior and physiology of goats are unaffected by brief episodes of intense, adverse visual and acoustic stimulation such as the sight and noise of overflying helicopters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Study #2 examines the effect of a multisensory stimulation during prism adaptation, showing that the pointing error reduction is obtained with fewer pointing movements when the target is a visual-acoustic (multisensory), rather than unisensory stimulus. (unimib.it)
  • The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience. (lookformedical.com)
  • The difference between two images on the retina when looking at a visual stimulus. (lookformedical.com)
  • The mean procedure time using the Click stimulus was 85.9 seconds for the right ear and 86.1 seconds for the left ear, whereas for the use of the CE-Chirp ® stimulus the results obtained for the right and left ear were28.4 seconds and 27.9 seconds, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
  • Left ear stimuli were fixed at 4000 Hz while right ear stimuli varied over a â ¼2-octave range (re: 4000 Hz). (bvsalud.org)
  • An electromechanical shaker is a stimuli generator that is widely available. (wikipedia.org)
  • AudioFile is a zero latency triggerable audio stimulus generator (ASG). (crsltd.com)
  • This Ph.D. project focuses on the specific case of tinnitus sufferers with audiological normal hearing, to avoid misleading results coming from the grouping of subjects with different acoustic profiles. (tinact.eu)
  • Currently, the most effective stimuli for the best results have not yet been identified or agreed upon by researchers. (wikipedia.org)
  • A transient ITD can be measured when using a random noise stimulus and is calculated as the time difference between a set peak of the noise stimulus reaching the ears. (wikipedia.org)
  • They raised their heads and turned their ears forward in the direction of the stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a between-group design, 11 schizophrenic subjects on olanzapine, 16 subjects on haloperidol, and 14 subjects who were on no medication received acoustic startle testing with PPI determination. (nih.gov)
  • Therefore, to optimize the types of stimulation parameters, we propose a cell-cultivable ultrasonic transducer having a series stack of a spin-coated polymer piezoelectric element (Poly-vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene, PVDF-TrFE) and a parylene insulating layer enhancing output acoustic pressure on a glass-coverslip which is commonly used in culturing cells. (jask.or.kr)
  • In contrast to VsEPA, researchers have standardized the VsEPL stimuli but many variants of this standard are being used in research laboratories today. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the type and function of DAMPs in the cochlea following acoustic trauma is rarely clear. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the spatiotemporal expression of HMGB1 in cochlea with acoustic injury has not been systemically investigated. (frontiersin.org)
  • In Study #5, a modulation of temperature during leftward, but not rightward, optokinetic stimulation was found. (unimib.it)
  • Stimulus duration: 0,5 , 1 or 2 sec. (difra.be)
  • Stimulus duration: 10 or 20 sec. (difra.be)
  • It was found that the mean duration of the A-ABR procedure using the CE- Chirp ® stimulus is three times lower than with the Click stimulus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Stimulus duration: 0.5, 1 or 2 sec. (difra.be)
  • Other research has already been carried out showing the sensitivity and specificity of this stimulus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recent evidence from birds and mammals, including humans, has shown that the sacculus, a hearing organ in many lower vertebrates, has retained some of its ancestral acoustic sensitivity. (figshare.com)