Stimuli neurons. Medical search. Frequent questions

Electrophysiological in vivo recordings from the cortical implants show that physiological sensory stimuli, i.e. cutaneous stimulation of nose and paw, can activate or inhibit spontaneous activity in grafted neurons, indicating that at least some of the afferent inputs are functional. (lu.se)
How neural circuits enable behavioural adaptation by selectively and durably representing subsets of sensory stimuli that are pertinent to a specific outcome is not known. (nature.com)
Two-photon calcium imaging of CA3 axonal projections to CA1 combined with simultaneous local field potential recordings revealed that CA3 projections that encode behaviourally informative sensory stimuli were selectively recruited during the memory replay events that underlie hippocampal memory consolidation 5 . (nature.com)
but you're also asking, "What sensory stimuli in the previous minutes triggered that? (newscientist.com)
Single neurons in the brain are able to convey much more information than was previously thought and can interact to generate potentially super rich representations of sensory stimuli. (lu.se)

Whereas somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons are driven by these large stimuli, inhibitory neurons that express parvalbumin and vasoactive intestinal peptide have mutually antagonistic fbRF and ffRF, similar to excitatory neurons. (nature.com)
Moreover, it has recently been appreciated that myelin is also present on inhibitory neurons 14 but the role of myelin for inhibitory circuits in unknown. (biorxiv.org)
Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)

What stimuli excite a neuron, and how can we find them? (plos.org)
In the visual system, these feedforward pathways define the classical feedforward receptive field (ffRF), the area in space in which visual stimuli excite a neuron 1 . (nature.com)

Here we show that feedback projections onto excitatory neurons in the mouse primary visual cortex generate a second receptive field that is driven by stimuli outside the ffRF. (nature.com)
Here we show that somatostatin- (SST) but not parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neurons in the visual sector of the nRT preferentially project to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), and modulate visual information transmission and gamma activity in primary visual cortex (V1). (elifesciences.org)
Visual Experience Has Opposing Influences on the Quality of Stimulus Representation in Adult Primary Visual Cortex. (cmu.edu)

At first, they examined the electrical activities of individual neurons as well as those of larger cell groups. (eurekalert.org)
Using a high-resolution analysis of how individual neurons and their connected brain networks processed this touch information, designed by neurocomputational scientist Alberto Mazzoni and physics scientist Anton Spanne, the groups got an unexpected insight into the brain representations of the external world experienced through touch. (lu.se)

Repetitive stimulation (eg, from a prolonged painful condition) can sensitize neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord so that a lesser peripheral stimulus causes pain (wind-up phenomenon). (msdmanuals.com)
We used single neuron recordings and controlled whisker deflections to examine responses of thalamocortical neurons to sensory stimulation in rat survivors of 9 min of asphyxial cardiac arrest incurred on post-natal day 17. (cdc.gov)

To examine whether or not neurons in this cortex represent reward information flexibly when a visual stimulus indicates either a rewarded or unrewarded outcome, neuronal activity in the macaque perirhinal cortex was examined using a conditional-association cued-reward task. (jneurosci.org)
A new method termed XDream (E X tending D eepDream with r eal-time e volution for a ctivation m aximization) combined a generative neural network and a genetic algorithm in a closed loop to create strong stimuli for neurons in the macaque visual cortex. (plos.org)
To test this idea, we studied single neurons in macaque monkey intermediate visual (area V4) and somatosensory (area SII) cortex, using matched shape stimuli. (zotero.org)
Journal Article] Early monocular defocus disrupts the normal development of receptive-field structure in v2 neurons of macaque monkeys. (nii.ac.jp)
Journal Article] Receptive-field subfields of v2 neurons in macaque monkeys are adult-like near birth. (nii.ac.jp)

Importantly, however, the responses of descending neurons are not always directly deducible from the responses of their presumed pre-synaptic counterparts (Wu et al. (springer.com)

Especially in the higher cortical areas, the sensory neurons reflect such functional capacity in their selectivity for complex visual features and invariance to certain object transformations, such as image translation. (rutgers.edu)
Due to the strong nonlinearities necessary to achieve both the selectivity and invariance, characterizing and predicting the response patterns of these neurons represents a formidable computational challenge. (rutgers.edu)
I will describe a two-step information optimization technique that can characterize both the shape selectivity and the range of position invariance from neural responses to natural stimuli. (rutgers.edu)
Neurons in the temporal visual cortical areas of primates have large receptive fields, which can show considerable selectivity for what the stimulus is irrespective of exactly where it is in the visual field. (lincoln.ac.uk)
A key feature of the responses of V1 neurons is their selectivity for stimulus orientation. (ssrn.com)
Journal Article] Contributions of excitation and suppression in shaping spatial frequency selectivity of V1 neurons as revealed by binocular measurements. (nii.ac.jp)

Border ownership is signaled by a class of V2 neurons, even though its value depends on information coming from well outside their classical receptive fields. (zotero.org)
In the model, neurons have spatially local classical receptive fields, are tuned to orientation, and receive information (from V1) about the location and orientation of borders. (zotero.org)
We describe how the neurons can be identified based on their receptive field properties, and how they respond to moving targets, looming stimuli and to widefield optic flow. (springer.com)
Le R, Gafni C, Ben-Shachar M, Wandell B . Stimulus dependence of population receptive fields within the visual field maps and the visual word form area Journal of Vision . (neurotree.org)
Moreover, the more the MEI deviated from Gabor-like stimuli, the more their orientation tuning diverged from a single-peaked tuning function when larger stimuli covering the receptive fields were used. (ssrn.com)
Despite the overall increase in firing, by 6 weeks, thalamocortical neurons display degraded receptive fields, with decreased responses to adjacent whiskers. (cdc.gov)

Here, using patch-clamp recordings from large populations of anatomically labeled neurons in brainstem slices from male and female Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatu s), we show that MSO neurons are far more physiologically diverse than previously appreciated, with properties that depend regionally on cell position along the topographic map of frequency. (jneurosci.org)
When analyzing the data, the scientists discovered that two separate groups of CGRP neurons in the brainstem and the thalamus relay signals to the nonoverlapping area of the amygdala - forming two pathways. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Gene mutations that cause hereditary hyperekplexia disrupt normal glycine signaling in neurons in the spinal cord and the part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord ( the brainstem ). (medlineplus.gov)

We found that supraoptic oxytocin neurons extend their dendrites into the medial amygdala and that this dendritic oxytocin system mediates social recognition. (nii.ac.jp)
Affective touches or playing behaviors were also found to activate oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus, and to modulate development of social behaviors. (nii.ac.jp)
Journal Article] Activation of supraoptic oxytocin neurons by secretin facilitates social recognition. (nii.ac.jp)
Journal Article] Activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons following tactile stimuli in rats. (nii.ac.jp)
Journal Article] Noxious or Non-Noxious Inputs to Oxytocin Neurons: Possible Roles in the Control of Behaviors. (nii.ac.jp)
Social stimuli induce activation of oxytocin neurons within the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus to promote social behavior in male mice. (sfari.org)

Deficits in this population of neurons may underlie social deficits in Shank3b knockout (KO) mice. (sfari.org)
The authors performed in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in OT neurons in the PVH (PVH-OT) of awake, head-fixed male mice using GCaMP6s and gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses. (sfari.org)
Using DREADDs, they then showed that chemogenetic inhibition of PVH-OT neurons abolished the preference for social interaction in male wild-type mice in the three-chamber test, whereas chemogenetic activation of PVH-OT neurons elevated social preference even higher than what is seen in control mice. (sfari.org)
Having shown that PVH-OT neurons are necessary for social preference in wild-type mice, Stuber and colleagues then turned to Shank3b KO mice, a mouse model of Phelan-McDermid syndrome that has previously been shown to have reduced social preference in the three-chamber test. (sfari.org)
Shank3b KO mice had reduced numbers of OT neurons in the medial PVH compared to wild-type mice. (sfari.org)
These results demonstrate the importance of PVH-OT neurons in regulating social behavior in male mice and support the hypothesis that these neurons respond to social stimuli and promote the appropriate behavioral response. (sfari.org)
The figure shows activity heat maps (left and middle panels) and total time spent in each zone (right panel) in the three-chamber test in mice expressing a Gi-coupled DREADD in oxytocin-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH-OT), following administration of the DREADD ligand clozapine- N -Oxide (CNO) or saline. (sfari.org)
Chemogenetic inhibition of PVH-OT neurons abolished the preference for the social zone that was seen in control mice. (sfari.org)
To conduct the research, scientists used single-cell calcium imaging to record the CGRP neuron activity of mice exposed to threat cues that stimulated multiple senses. (medicalnewstoday.com)
At the beginning of the study, mice were presented with visual stimuli, and their neural responses were recorded. (cmu.edu)
After darkness exposure for eight days, the same stimuli were presented again to the mice and their visual responses were also recorded. (cmu.edu)
AQP1 accumulation was observed in vulnerable neurons in the cerebral cortex of AD patients, and in neurons affected by the Aß or tau pathology in the 3xTg-AD and 5xFAD mice. (bvsalud.org)
To find out, they took mice and exposed parts of their faces to different kinds of stimuli: gentle brushing, poking, heat, and chili extract. (medlineplus.gov)

Electrophysiological studies have shown that the responses of perirhinal cortex neurons encode signals about specific reward schedule states regardless of the physical property of visual cues ( Liu and Richmond, 2000 ), or represent reward conditions when visual stimuli are associated with either a rewarded or unrewarded outcome ( Mogami and Tanaka, 2006 ). (jneurosci.org)
We show that graded differences in these and other physiological properties across the MSO neuron population enable the MSO to duplex the encoding of ITD information in both fast, submillisecond time-varying signals as well as in slower envelopes. (jneurosci.org)
Inside the brain, the nerve cells, which are also called "neurons," are woven into a network in which they relay signals to one another. (eurekalert.org)
Neurons which transmit signals about the gut wall, the stretch of the lungs , and the dryness of mucous membranes also innervate the SN. (wikipedia.org)

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) encode sound localization cues by detecting microsecond differences in the arrival times of inputs from the left and right ears, and it has been assumed that this computation is made possible by highly stereotyped structural and physiological specializations. (jneurosci.org)
Responses of human medial temporal lobe neurons are modulated by stimulus repetition. (bvsalud.org)

In addition, a relative increase in brain activity in areas associated with reward, including the putamen, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, insula, and prefrontal cortex in response to food stimuli, was observed. (nih.gov)
The SN projects to - among other regions - the reticular formation , parasympathetic preganglionic neurons , hypothalamus and thalamus , forming circuits that contribute to autonomic regulation. (wikipedia.org)

Using recent developments to increase sound presentation quality, we selected 15 commonly used sound stimuli and assessed their impact on valence and arousal states in a web-based experiment. (springer.com)
The impacts of myelin and demyelination are particularly evident in the auditory system, where precise coding and maintenance of timing information of sound stimuli are critical for normal auditory tasks, including spatial hearing and sound localization 6 . (biorxiv.org)

Myelination of central neurons increases conduction velocity of action potentials and provides metabolic support to axons 1 , 2 . (biorxiv.org)
The first central neurons within the SN can participate in simple autonomic reflexes. (wikipedia.org)

Virology her visit, her temperature was 39.2°C, commands or painful stimuli. (cdc.gov)
She was conscious and to painful stimuli. (cdc.gov)
A burn, cut, or other painful stimuli like spicy food activates receptors on the skin's nerve endings. (medlineplus.gov)

One circuit consists of hindbrain neurons functionally coupled to spinal cord neuropil. (zotero.org)
Nociceptive impulses travel through fibers to wide-dynamic-range neurons in the spinal cord. (medscape.com)

In this study the effects of FM1-43 on MA currents in cultured sensory neurons and on behavioural responses to noxious mechanical stimuli were investigated. (biomedcentral.com)
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. (bvsalud.org)

Therefore, this study investigated the effects of an olfactory stimulus on subsequent sleep and assessed gender differences in such effects. (researchgate.net)
Subjects received an intermittent presentation (first 2 min of each 10 min interval) of an olfactory (lavender oil) or a control (distilled water) stimulus between 23:10 and 23:40 h. (researchgate.net)
As humans age, the number of olfactory neurons steadily decreases. (medscape.com)
In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
The primary sensory neurons of the olfactory system are chronically exposed to the ambient environment and may therefore be susceptible to damage from occupational exposure to many volatile chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Although odor identification performance was lower among workers with higher ongoing exposures, performance on this test is not a pure measure of olfactory ability and is influenced by familiarity with the stimuli and their sources. (cdc.gov)

A new study shows that a population of oxytocin-positive (OT) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) responds preferentially to social stimuli and is necessary for social behavior. (sfari.org)

abstract = "Transplanted neurons derived from stem cells have been proposed to improve function in animal models of human disease by various mechanisms such as neuronal replacement. (lu.se)
abstract = "Our neurons seem capable of handling any type of data, regardless of its scale or statistical properties. (huji.ac.il)

Brain function relies on communication between large populations of neurons across multiple brain areas, a full understanding of which would require knowledge of the time-varying activity of all neurons in the central nervous system. (zotero.org)
Demonstrating how this technique can be used to reveal functionally defined circuits across the brain, we identify two populations of neurons with correlated activity patterns. (zotero.org)
In the study, scientists discovered populations of a molecule called calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) that allows neurons to transmit threatening cues between separate areas of the brain, then relay that information to the amygdala. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In addition, the CGRP neuron populations also translate threatening sensory input and communicate it with other brain networks. (medicalnewstoday.com)

These data give further insight into the mechanosensitive ion channels expressed by somatosensory neurons and suggest FM dyes are an interesting tool for studying them. (biomedcentral.com)

The original model for ITD tuning, the Jeffress model, postulated an array of identical neurons whose ITD and frequency tuning is based solely on their respective inputs ( Jeffress, 1948 ), and where systematic variations in axon length impart sensitivity to ITDs. (jneurosci.org)
However, whether the grafted neurons receive functional synaptic inputs from the recipient's brain and integrate into host neural circuitry is unknown. (lu.se)
Here we studied the synaptic inputs from the host brain to grafted cortical neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells after transplantation into stroke-injured rat cerebral cortex. (lu.se)
Using the rabies virus-based trans-synaptic tracing method and immunoelectron microscopy, we demonstrate that the grafted neurons receive direct synaptic inputs from neurons in different host brain areas located in a pattern similar to that of neurons projecting to the corresponding endogenous cortical neurons in the intact brain. (lu.se)
We mapped and quantified the intracortical inputs to L2/3 neurons using laser-scanning photostimulation combined with patch clamp recordings. (biorxiv.org)
We found that hypomyelination reduces inhibitory connections to L2/3 neurons without affecting excitatory inputs, thus altering excitatory/inhibitory balance. (biorxiv.org)

Fig. 4: Anaesthesia preferentially reduces responses to inverse stimuli. (nature.com)

Calcium imaging from the excitatory dendritic field of the LGMD neuron in locusts. (mendeley.com)

Remarkably, these effects are not associated with changes in the expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic synaptic components, but with a reduction of parvalbumin (PV) neuron density and PV mRNA levels. (biorxiv.org)

400) sample size in which MSO neurons show a strikingly large continuum of functional properties despite exhibiting similar morphologies. (jneurosci.org)
Stimulus representation is a functional interpretation of early sensory cortices. (nih.gov)
Our findings support the idea that these neurons could contribute to functional recovery in stroke and other conditions causing neuronal loss in cerebral cortex. (lu.se)

Thus, neurons form intricate projections that enable them to transmit electrical stimuli and synchronize their activity. (eurekalert.org)

Forkosh, O 2022, ' Memoryless Optimality: Neurons Do Not Need Adaptation to Optimally Encode Stimuli With Arbitrarily Complex Statistics ', Neural Computation , vol. 34, no. 12, 12, pp. 2374-2387. (huji.ac.il)

The characterization of effective stimuli has traditionally been based on a combination of intuition, insights from previous studies, and luck. (plos.org)
The stimulus-response model is a characterization of a statistical unit (such as a neuron). (wikipedia.org)

These results suggest that neurons in the perirhinal cortex do more than associate a single stimulus with a reward to achieve flexible representations of reward information. (jneurosci.org)
Despite the progress made in understanding visual cortex by testing limited sets of hand-chosen stimuli, these experiments could be missing the true feature preferences of neurons. (plos.org)
To investigate this we measured the responses of neurons with face-selective responses in the cortex in the anterior part of the superior temporal sulcus of rhesus macaques performing a visual fixation task. (lincoln.ac.uk)
Are Sensory Neurons in the Cortex Committed to Original Trigger Features? (intechopen.com)
For example, cuprizone-induced demyelination promotes hyper- and depolarizing shifts of the resting membrane potential of auditory thalamocortical pathway neurons and reduction in action potential firing of primary auditory cortex (A1) neurons 7 . (biorxiv.org)
Using locally designed and constructed experiment systems capable of recording simultaneously from tens of neurons, we have conducted neurophysiological studies on early and mid-stage visual areas in mammalian visual cortex. (nii.ac.jp)
We have also obtained information regarding the degree of integration of neural circuitry that shape stimulus selectivities of high-order neurons based on the input from low-order neurons within the visual cortex. (nii.ac.jp)

However, the mechanisms that generate excitation to stimuli outside the ffRF are unclear. (nature.com)
Feedback projections may therefore enable neurons to use context to estimate information that is missing from the ffRF and to report differences in stimulus features across visual space, regardless of whether excitation occurs inside or outside the ffRF. (nature.com)
Few studies have revealed that depending upon the nature of stimuli, excitation of the corresponding sensory region also evokes a response from other neighboring connected areas. (intechopen.com)

Rowland, D. C. & Kentros, C. G. Potential anatomical basis for attentional modulation of hippocampal neurons. (nature.com)

We found that 48-72 hours after cardiac arrest, thalamocortical neurons demonstrate significantly elevated firing rates both during spontaneous activity and in response to whisker deflections. (cdc.gov)

Our results highlight the importance of using several visual stimuli as the neurons can rarely be identified based on only one response characteristic. (springer.com)
Fig. 2: Neuron-type specific response to inverse stimuli. (nature.com)
The model allows the prediction of a quantitative response to a quantitative stimulus, for example one administered by a researcher. (wikipedia.org)
In psychology, stimulus response theory forms classical conditioning in which a stimulus becomes a paired response in a subject's mind. (wikipedia.org)
Pharmacological dose response relationships are an application of stimulus-response models. (wikipedia.org)
In light of the above-mentioned facts, this research proposes a novel model and integrates flow theory into the theory of technology acceptance model (TAM), based on stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R) theory, the SOR model has been widely used in previous studies of online customer behavior, and the model theory includes three components: stimulus, organism, and response. (wikipedia.org)
Empirical models based on nonlinear regression are usually preferred over the use of some transformation of the data that linearizes the stimulus-response relationship. (wikipedia.org)
One example of a logit model for the probability of a response to the real input (stimulus) x {\displaystyle x} , ( x ∈ R {\displaystyle x\in \mathbb {R} } ) is p ( x ) = 1 1 + e − ( β 0 + β 1 x ) {\displaystyle p(x)={\frac {1}{1+e^{-(\beta _{0}+\beta _{1}x)}}}} where β 0 , β 1 {\displaystyle \beta _{0},\beta _{1}} are the parameters of the function. (wikipedia.org)
The Hill equation is the following formula, where E {\displaystyle E} is the magnitude of the response, [ A ] {\displaystyle {\ce {[A]}}} is the drug concentration (or equivalently, stimulus intensity), E C 50 {\displaystyle \mathrm {EC} _{50}} is the drug concentration that produces a half-maximal response and n {\displaystyle n} is the Hill coefficient. (wikipedia.org)
Although clinical studies propose that restricted sleep affects hormones related to appetite, neuronal activity in response to food stimuli after restricted and habitual sleep has not been investigated. (nih.gov)
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of partial sleep restriction on neuronal activation in response to food stimuli. (nih.gov)
Overall neuronal activity in response to food stimuli was greater after restricted sleep than after habitual sleep. (nih.gov)
We found that the response of neurons to an effective face centred 8.5Â° from the fovea was decreased to 71 if an ineffective face stimulus for that cell was present at the fovea. (lincoln.ac.uk)
In addition to these interactions, it was found that an effective stimulus object at the fovea produced a larger response than when it was parafoveal, and that this weighting towards an object at the fovea was also seen when more than one object was present in the visual field. (lincoln.ac.uk)
Sensory cortices are inherently dynamic and exhibit plasticity in response to a variety of stimuli. (intechopen.com)
They found that about half of PVH-OT neurons increased their activity in the presence of a social stimulus (an anesthetized juvenile mouse), whereas only a third increased their activity in response to nonsocial stimuli, which decreased activity in about half of the neurons. (sfari.org)
F ) Hunting response probability (mean + SEM, N = 8 fish) across visual stimuli. (elifesciences.org)
J ) Stimulus-aligned activity during non-response (top) and response (bottom) trials for neurons in selected clusters (indicated top). (elifesciences.org)
The Contemplating Cell' delves into the power of response and stimulus of the neuron. (thehindu.com)
These proteins are involved in the response of neurons to a molecule called glycine. (medlineplus.gov)
Here, the flickers show how calcium surges in response to a painful stimulus. (medlineplus.gov)

Common models for stimulus-induced learning within topographic representations are based on the stimuli's spatial structure and probability distribution. (nih.gov)
Recent work using deep neural predictive models found that the most exciting images (MEIs) for neurons in mouse V1 can exhibit complex spatial structures deviating from Gabor-like filters. (ssrn.com)

The changes cause hyperexcitability escalation of other neurons, giving rise to hypersensitivity to peripheral stimuli. (medscape.com)

We show that FM1-43, a styryl dye used to fluorescently label cell membranes, permeates mechanosensitive ion channels in cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, resulting in blockade of three previously defined subtypes of mechanically activated currents. (biomedcentral.com)

Instead, investigators have traditionally selected stimuli guided by natural image statistics, behavioral relevance, theoretical postulates about internal representations, intuitions from previous studies, and serendipitous findings. (plos.org)
The findings of this study link restricted sleep and susceptibility to food stimuli and are consistent with the notion that reduced sleep may lead to greater propensity to overeat. (nih.gov)
Motivated by recent neurobiological findings, we present an approach of cortical self-organization that additionally takes temporal stimulus aspects into account. (nih.gov)
These findings pinpoint the SST neurons in nRT as powerful modulators of the visual information encoding accuracy in V1, and represent a novel circuit through which the nRT can influence representation of visual information. (elifesciences.org)
Autopsy findings included a soft swollen brain with axial herniation and hypoxic injury to the neurons. (cdc.gov)

Neurons with fbRFs are located in cortical layers that receive strong feedback projections and are absent in the main input layer, which is consistent with a laminar processing hierarchy. (nature.com)

We demonstrate facile bio-integration of OECNs with Venus Flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) to induce lobe closure upon input stimuli. (lu.se)

Two visual stimuli, a color stimulus as Cue1 followed by a pattern stimulus as Cue2, were sequentially presented. (jneurosci.org)
Consider vision as a paradigmatic example, the selection of stimuli to probe neural activity has shaped the understanding of how visual neurons represent information. (plos.org)
In other words, there could be other images that drive visual neurons better than those found so far. (plos.org)
OFF-dominated cortical neurons in cats responded ∼3 ms faster to visual stimuli than ON-dominated cortical neurons, and dark-mediated suppression in ON-dominated neurons peaked ∼14 ms faster than light-mediated suppression in OFF-dominated neurons. (zotero.org)
We discuss their similarities with previously published visual neurons, in the optic lobes and ventral nerve cord, and suggest that they can be classified as target-selective, looming sensitive and optic flow sensitive, based on these similarities. (springer.com)
In addition, they provide an understanding of the neurophysiology of visual neurons that are likely to affect behavior. (springer.com)
However, such results have been found when there is only one stimulus in the visual field. (lincoln.ac.uk)
The implication of this weighting of the responses of neurons towards objects at the fovea, even in an environment with more than one object present, is that the output of the visual system provides information to subsequent systems particularly about objects at the fovea, so that learning about these objects (and less about other objects elsewhere in the visual field) is facilitated. (lincoln.ac.uk)
To this aim, through electrophysiology in cats, we explored that visual neurons, throughout the cortical column, have a tendency to alter their inherent properties even when presented a non-visual stimulus. (intechopen.com)
Visual perception in natural environments depends on the ability to focus on salient stimuli while ignoring distractions. (elifesciences.org)
B ) Schematic of visual stimuli. (elifesciences.org)
A-B ) Visual stimulus-aligned ( A ) and eye convergence-aligned ( B ) ΔF/F 0 responses for all 36 clusters. (elifesciences.org)

The purpose of research is to separate stimulus selectivities of neurons into various components including, form, texture, and binocular cues. (nii.ac.jp)
With these neurophysiological experiments, we have characterized neurons with respect to binocular texture cues. (nii.ac.jp)

As topographic representations reflect the stimuli's relatedness, the temporal structure of incoming stimuli is important for the learning in cortical maps. (nih.gov)

While taste and trigeminal sensitivity of the mouth are mainly related to evaluation of food, chemical senses of the nose are devoted to evaluation of external stimuli, related to different environmental aspects, including the detection of dangerous substances, food retrieval, and social interactions ( Ma, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)

In agreement, we find using patch-clamp recordings that a portion of grafted neurons respond to photostimulation of virally transfected, channel-rhodopsin-2-expressing thalamo-cortical axons in acute brain slices. (lu.se)

However, paradigms involving affective auditory stimuli have yet to adapt to the online approach due to concerns about the lack of experimental control and other technical challenges. (springer.com)

However, our results demonstrate that the dysfunctions and the shape of the neurons are closely connected. (eurekalert.org)

The MSO provides an especially clear example of a neural representation of a sensory feature, with neurons tuned to different ITDs representing discrete horizontal locations. (jneurosci.org)

Descending neurons synapse with motor neurons or with interneurons that themselves connect with motor neurons (Venkatasubramanian and Mann 2019 ). (springer.com)

Understanding the mechanism by which the brain’s hundred billion neurons and hundred trillion synapses manage to produce such a range of cortical configurations in a flexible manner remains a fundamental problem in neuroscience. (zotero.org)

Most of these genes provide instructions for producing proteins that are found in nerve cells ( neurons ). (medlineplus.gov)

With regard to psychophysics, we relate the saltation phenomenon to dynamics and interaction in early sensory cortices and predict further effects in the perception of spatiotemporal stimuli. (nih.gov)

These three characteristics of the neuron-semipermeability of the membrane, osmotic balance, and electroneutrality on each side-create an equilibrium electrical potential at which the inside of the membrane is more negative than the outside. (britannica.com)
When the inside of the plasma membrane has a negative charge compared to the outside, the neuron is said to be polarized. (britannica.com)
The plasma membrane of the neuron is highly permeable to K + , and in fact the recorded membrane potential of most neurons (−60 to −75 mV) is close to that predicted by the Nernst equation for K + . However, it is not exactly the same, because K + is not the only ion affecting the membrane potential. (britannica.com)
There is also a tendency for Cl − to permeate the membrane, since that ion is at higher concentration outside the neuron than inside. (britannica.com)
The discussion above demonstrates that the electrical potential existing in neurons is based on the distribution of ions across the plasma membrane and that this distribution comes about through permeation of the membrane. (britannica.com)

Traditionally, all models of sound localization have assumed that MSO neurons represent a single population of cells with specialized and homogeneous intrinsic and synaptic properties that enable the detection of synaptic coincidence on a timescale of tens to hundreds of microseconds. (jneurosci.org)

Anatomy84

Organisms17

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs39

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Psychiatry and Psychology48

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations3

Health Care2

Sensory stimuli5

Inhibitory neurons3

Excite a neuron2

Primary visual3

Individual Neurons2

Stimulation2

Macaque5

Responses of descend1

Selectivity6

Receptive6

Brainstem3

Oxytocin Neurons6

Mice13

Signals4

Medial2

Thalamus2

Sound stimuli2

Central neurons2

Painful stimuli3

Spinal cord2

Noxious2

Olfactory6

Hypothalamus1

Abstract2

Populations4

Somatosensory1

Inputs6

Preferentially1

Excitatory1

Parvalbumin1

Functional3

Transmit1

Encode1

Characterization2

Cortex7

Excitation3

Hippocampal1

Thalamocortical1

Response21

Spatial2

Peripheral1

Dorsal1

Findings5

Projections1

Induce1

Visual12

Cues2

Temporal1

Sensitivity1

Patch-clamp recordings1

Auditory1

Demonstrate1

Representation1

20191

Synapses1

Nerve cells1

Spatiotemporal1

Membrane5

Synaptic1