Stimulation synthesis theca cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

In affected ovaries, oxygenation of follicular fluid is low, ultrastructural disturbances especially of mitochondria, occur in granulosa cells and oocytes, and considerable disturbances of meiosis occur. (biomedcentral.com)
This provides conditions for increased ceramide synthesis and follicular loss through ceramide-induced apoptosis is accelerated. (biomedcentral.com)
Levels of reproductive hormones in the pre-ovulatory follicular fluid and the expression levels of LHR (luteinizing hormone receptor), AR, SOX9, AMH, AR-associated protein 54(ARA54)and ARA70 were determined in granulosa-luteal cells by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Pretreatment with myo-inositol in non polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing multiple follicular stimulation for IVF: a pilot study. (jerodtaylor.com)
Which of the following is TRUE of follicular estrogen synthesis? (easynotecards.com)
The relatively narrow intercellular space of the primordial follicle allows ferritin and possibly other molecules of similar size to cross, whereas in the late stages of rapid follicular growth, the shape of granulosa cells must accommodate the increasing flow of egg yolk precursors that accumulate at the surface of the plasma membrane of the follicle [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
During the course of folliculogenesis, growth is achieved by cell proliferation and formation of follicular fluid, whereas development involves cytodifferentiation of all the cells and tissues in the follicle. (glowm.com)
The follicular fluid (FF) provides a crucial microenvironment for the proper development of follicles and oocytes through tightly controlled metabolism and cell signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Growth of the dominant follicle encompasses enlargement of the oocyte, replication of follicular cells, and formation and expansion of a fluid-filled follicular antrum or cavity, providing a specialized microenvironment for the development of oocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
Increases in the amount of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells during follicular development occurs in some but not all species, indicating that other proteases or protease inhibitors may be involved in IGFBP degradation. (bioone.org)

In females, synthesis of estrogens starts in theca interna cells in the ovary, by the synthesis of androstenedione from cholesterol. (gracialatinasantiago.com)
The remaining cells in the follicle wall ( i.e. granulosa, membrana and periantral, theca, the theca interna and externa) develop into the corpus luteum. (glowm.com)

It is characterized by a resistance or complete insensitivity to the effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotropin which is normally responsible for the stimulation of estrogen production by the ovaries in females and maintenance of fertility in both sexes. (wikipedia.org)
Due in part to elevated LH levels, which stimulate androgen production by theca cells in the ovaries, and due in part to FSH insensitivity, resulting in a lack of aromatase in nearby granulosa cells that normally convert androgens into estrogens, it could be expected that females with FSH insensitivity might present with symptoms of hyperandrogenism at puberty. (wikipedia.org)
This results in an inability of the granulosa cells in ovarian follicles to respond to FSH in females, in turn resulting in diminished estrogen production by the ovaries and loss of menstrual cycles, and an inability of Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testicles to respond to FSH in males, which in turn results in impaired spermatogenesis. (wikipedia.org)

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) insensitivity, or ovarian insensitivity to FSH in females, also referable to as ovarian follicle hypoplasia or granulosa cell hypoplasia in females, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic and endocrine syndrome affecting both females and males, with the former presenting with much greater severity of symptomatology. (wikipedia.org)
Reduced quality and accelerated follicle loss with female reproductive aging - does decline in theca dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) underlie the problem? (biomedcentral.com)
In females with normal fertility, pre-antral ovarian theca cells respond to stimulation by inhibin B to provide androgen-based support for the developing follicle. (biomedcentral.com)
With depletion of follicle numbers, inhibin B is reduced with consequent reduction in theca DHEA. (biomedcentral.com)
Granulosa cells produce androgens, which stimulates follicle maturation. (easynotecards.com)
Theca cells produce estrogen, which is converted to the androgens that stimulate follicle maturation. (easynotecards.com)
Follicle maturation is stimulated when FSH binds to theca cells and LH binds to granulosa cells. (easynotecards.com)
The production of estrogen and at a lower magnitude testosterone by the theca of the growing follicle increases 2 to 3 weeks before the production of the first egg and contributes to the development of reproductive organs and the synthesis of egg constituents [ 1 - 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Specialized hypothalamic neurons secrete pulses of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) into the portal blood vessels, which acts on the gonadotrophs to cause a pulsatile release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which act on ovarian follicle cells to control folliculogenesis. (glowm.com)
This discovery invalidated the "fixation theory of primordial follicle pool" and suggested for the first time the hypothesis that germ stem cells also exist in the ovary. (biomedcentral.com)

This may be in part because FSH, via stimulation of granulosa cells and the resultant secretion of yet-unidentified paracrine factors (but possibly including inhibin B), has been shown to significantly enhance the LH-mediated stimulation of androgen production by theca cells. (wikipedia.org)
In addition, theca cells predominantly secrete the relatively weak androgen androstenedione, whereas granulosa cells, signaled to do so by FSH under normal circumstances, convert androstenedione into its more potent relative testosterone (which is subsequently converted into estradiol). (wikipedia.org)
Hence, in females, FSH insensitivity may not only result in deficiencies in estrogen production by granulosa cells, but in diminished androgen synthesis by both theca and granulosa cells as well, which could potentially explain why hyperandrogenism does not occur. (wikipedia.org)
The objective of this study was to determine the gene expression profiles of the androgen/androgen receptor (AR) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)/ Sry-related high-mobility group box 9 (SOX9) pathways in granulosa-luteal cells from patients undergoing standard in vitro fertilization (IVF) with or without recombinant luteinizing hormone (rLH) therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
The effects of androgen and rLH treatments on AR and AMH expression levels were also tested in vitro using HO23 cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Adrenal androgens increase in response to ACTH stimulation, while androgens do not influence the ACTH secretion. (medscape.com)
Ovarian androgens are produced by thecal cells and exert their action in a paracrine fashion on granulosa cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The ovarian cycle is a highly orchestrated, and complex developmental process that depends on functional interactions and critical signaling pathways that communicate between the ovarian microenvironment elements, including the oocyte, granulosa cells, theca cells, and surrounding stromal components, including vascular and immune cells [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Theca cells are the sole ovarian site of synthesis of DHEA, which is both a precursor of androstenedione and an essential ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), the key promoter of genes affecting fatty acid metabolism and fat transport and genes critical to mitochondrial function. (biomedcentral.com)

A related condition is luteinizing hormone (LH) insensitivity (termed Leydig cell hypoplasia when it occurs in males), which presents with similar symptoms to those of FSH insensitivity but with the symptoms in the respective sexes reversed (i.e., hypogonadism and sexual infantilism in males and merely problems with fertility in females). (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Hypogonadism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism Gonadal dysgenesis and premature ovarian failure Leydig cell hypoplasia (or LH insensitivity) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity Inborn errors of steroid metabolism Isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency Combined 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase III deficiency Aromatase deficiency and estrogen insensitivity syndrome Mark A. Sperling (25 April 2008). (wikipedia.org)
e. occurs as the cells gradually travel between two closely attached Leydig cells. (easynotecards.com)
Appearance of Leydig cells. (en-academic.com)

This study showed ginseng protects folliculogenesis via alteration of hypothalamic- pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, induction of proliferation in ovarian somatic cells, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and downregulation of apoptotic markers in the mouse ovary, treated with nicotine. (biomedcentral.com)
D-chiro Inositol reduces the effects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) activity in cells. (jerodtaylor.com)
Ovarian insufficiency is considered primary if the ovary fails to function normally in response to appropriate gonadotropin stimulation provided by the hypothalamus and pituitary. (medscape.com)
These pathways were de novo synthesized in 3 kilobase chunks, assembled in yeasto and genomically integrated into a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. (elifesciences.org)
Only a few follicles in the human ovary survive to complete the cytodifferentiation process, with 99.9% dying by a programmed cell death mechanism called apoptosis. (glowm.com)
It was found that ovoid cells in the epithelial layer of the ovary simultaneously expressed the germ cell specific marker MVH and the proliferation of cell marker BrdU using double-immunofluorescence staining. (biomedcentral.com)
Niikura [ 5 ] and others observed germ cells expressing Stra8 (stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) in the ovarian surface epithelium, indicating that there may be germ cells with meiotic function in the ovary. (biomedcentral.com)

Insulin resistance (IR) is recognized as a biological reaction to insulin stimulation in target tissues. (researchsquare.com)

does decline in theca dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) underlie the problem? (biomedcentral.com)

Real-life exposure to Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone triggers apoptosis and activates NLRP3 inflammasome in bovine primary theca cells. (inrae.fr)

Collectively, the effects of brefeldin A are consistent with a model in which MUC1 surface expression is dependent upon both protein synthesis and membrane release. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Furthermore ORP-150, a novel protein that is expressed by macrophages under ischemic conditions, is likely to be critical in enabling these cells to redirect their biosynthetic activities in hypoxia. (healthdrugpdf.com)
Regulation of bovine tumor necrosis factor alpha induced protein 6 in ovarian follicles during the ovulatory process and promoter activation in granulosa cells. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Further analyses and immunohistochemistry indicated that this increase in transcript and protein levels occurred in theca and granulosa cells. (appliedbioinfo.com)
Protein synthesis and lipogenesis are highly stimulated in the liver at sexual maturity in hens (15 to 20 fold) to support the incorporation of 0.75 kg proteins and 1.5 kg of triglycerides into the yolk over a year of commercial production. (biomedcentral.com)
A gene in the sex-determining region of the short arm of the Y, now referred to as SRY , has been found to direct production of a protein which binds to DNA, inducing differentiation of cells derived from the genital ridges into testes. (en-academic.com)
RAS protein plays a vital role in the modulation of cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation by molecular pathway signaling. (encyclopedia.pub)
In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is localized in the nucleus, whereas in the majority of breast cancer cell lines and in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients, it is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
Soy protein peptic hydrolysate with bound phospholipids decreases micellar solubility and cholesterol absorption in rats and caco-2 cells. (cmdm.tw)
Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) mRNA in rat hepatoma cells requires endogenous LXR ligands. (cmdm.tw)

Atthetissuelevel,vitaminC is required for production of collagen and other compounds that comprise the intercellular matrix that binds cells together. (spiritsong.org)

In females, FSH insensitivity results in diminished development of ovarian follicles and granulosa cells and low to normal estrogen levels, elevated to very elevated gonadotropin levels, and low inhibin B levels, whereas males present with diminished Sertoli cell proliferation and moderately elevated FSH levels, normal to slightly elevated LH levels, normal testosterone levels, and reduced inhibin B levels. (wikipedia.org)

One synthetic pathway produced valine at a sufficient level for cell viability and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
The ovarian microenvironment affects the proliferation and differentiation of OGSCs, and immune cells and related cytokines are important components of the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
With increasing time, the fluorescence intensity of cells gradually increased, and the cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α significantly promoted the proliferation of OGSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
It is worth noting that the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells cannot be separated from the surrounding microenvironment, and immune system related cells are an important part of the microenvironment of the OGSCs nest [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
RAS family proteins play a vital role in the modulation of cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation by signaling through a set of molecular pathways [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

We collected 35 an 70 granulosa cell samples from patients cycled with and without rLH supplementation, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
To investigate molecular mechanisms involved in TNFAIP6 transactivation, the activity of bovine TNFAIP6 promoter was studied in granulosa cell cultures. (appliedbioinfo.com)

Nicotine induced a reduction in the proliferative indexes of granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles ( P = 0.001). (biomedcentral.com)
Co-Treatment with ginseng also reduced the expression of apoptotic markers and increased the proliferative indexes in granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles and also in stroma cells, in comparison to the nicotine group ( P = 0.001). (biomedcentral.com)
On day 1 of the cycle, growing follicles have both FSH and LH receptors on granulosa cells. (easynotecards.com)

Ovarian insufficiency is considered secondary if the hypothalamus and pituitary fail to provide appropriate gonadotropin stimulation. (medscape.com)

201T and CALU-3 airway tumor cells were grown to confluency in cell culture plates and Transwell (Costar) filters, respectively, at 37°C in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium with 15% fetal bovine serum. (healthdrugpdf.com)

They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. (lookformedical.com)

However, the de novo synthesis of this indoleamine reported in the gonads gave rise to the idea of a more localized action. (jrhm.org)

Know normal platelet count, increased bleeding time, increased PTT *Captopril is a teratogen *MOA of Amphotericin B  Punches holes in ergosterol of the fungal cell membrane *Tons of biostats. (pdfcoffee.com)

Stimulation of fecal steroid excretion after infusion of recombinant proapolipoprotein A-I. Potential reverse cholesterol transport in humans. (cmdm.tw)

Mutations in these cells (i.e., "generative" cells ancestral to the gametes) are transmitted to progeny while those in somatic cells are not. (lookformedical.com)

It is a result of sympathetic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle in the erectile tissue of the penis. (easynotecards.com)

Any detectable and heritable alteration in the lineage of germ cells. (lookformedical.com)

Moreover, granulosa-luteal cell mRNA levels of LHR, AR, AMH, and SOX9 were significantly higher in the rLH supplementation group relative to the group that did not receive rLH supplementation. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we observed significant correlations between LHR and AR mRNA expression and among AR, AMH, and SOX9 mRNA expression in granulosa-luteal cells from patients undergoing standard IVF treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)

The cell bodies of these neurons are clustered in groups, called nuclei. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The oxytocin-producing neurons respond to stimulation from a suckling baby. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
[7] Much smaller parvocellular neurosecretory cells , neurons of the paraventricular nucleus, release corticotropin-releasing hormone and other hormones into the hypophyseal portal system , where these hormones diffuse to the anterior pituitary . (cloudfront.net)

The fluid in the theca spaces is then "filtered" by the basal lamina, which selectively permits the passage of particles depending on their size and their molecular charge [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

c. requires participation of Sertoli cells. (easynotecards.com)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by the hypersecretion of mucus by specialized epithelial cells in the lungs. (healthdrugpdf.com)

In mammals, magnocellular neurosecretory cells in the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus produce neurohypophysial hormones , oxytocin and vasopressin . (cloudfront.net)

In future studies, CFTR expression will be down-regulated in CALU-3 cells, and primary cultures of CF and non-CF human airway cells will be used to define the role of CFTR in the intracellular processing of MUC1. (healthdrugpdf.com)

Poor ovarian responders (POR) are women undergoing in-vitro fertilization who respond poorly to ovarian stimulation, resulting in the retrieval of lower number of oocytes, and subsequently lower pregnancy rates. (biomedcentral.com)
In patients designated as "poor responders," so-called due to poor response to ovarian stimulation given during IVF workup, the limited number of obtained oocytes remains the major problem in optimizing the live birth rates [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

1 The main function of insulin is to maintain glucose homeostasis, enabling glucose absorption and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, besides acting as an anabolic hormone that favors not only the absorption of amino acids and fatty acids, but also promotes cell growth and energy storage. (researchsquare.com)
Insulin gene superfamily hormones regulate cell growth, metabolism, and tissue-specific functions. (phoenixbiotech.net)
Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. (lookformedical.com)

IR alters glucose metabolism, resulting in an elevation in insulin production by beta-cells. (researchsquare.com)
Human insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta-cells (β-cell) of the pancreas, and its release is dependent on glucose levels in the circulation, in addition amino acids, incretins and cholecystokinin also promote its release. (researchsquare.com)
2 Deficiency of insulin production or activity results in diabetes mellitus (DM), which can be either type 1 (T1DM) when there is a destruction of the β-cell by an autoimmune process, or type 2 (T2DM) in which there is a failure of the β-cell to produce insulin. (researchsquare.com)

the endocrine portion of the pancreas is composed of clusters of cells called the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans). (50webs.org)

The blood carries the hormones to target cells that contain specific receptor proteins for the hormones, and which therefore can respond in a specific fashion to them. (50webs.org)

Here, we report progress on a large-scale synthetic genomics effort to reestablish EAA biosynthetic functionality in mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)
In this report, the authors devised synthetic genomic strategies to introduce essential amino-acid biosynthetic pathways into mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)

These hormones are made in the cell bodies and then transported to the axon terminals. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The gland consists of numerous cell types, which specialize in making and releasing specific hormones. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms7

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Follicular10

Interna2

Ovaries3

Follicle10

Androgen5

Androgens2

Oocyte1

Androstenedione1

Leydig4

Ovary7

Tissues1

DHEA1

Apoptosis1

Protein10

Binds1

Testosterone1

Proliferation5

Granulosa cell2

Follicles3

Gonadotropin1

Bovine1

Stromal1

Gonads1

Membrane1

Excretion1

Somatic cells1

Vascular1

Germ cells1

MRNA3

Neurons3

Basal1

Sertoli1

Epithelial1

Hypothalamus1

Primary1

Oocytes2

Growth3

Insulin3

Pancreas1

Respond1

Biosynthetic2

Hormones2