Stimulation macrophages alveolar. Medical search. Frequent questions

No differences in the average levels of TNF-α secretion by peripheral blood monocytes or alveolar macrophages were observed. (ersjournals.com)
We found that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from 11 patients with idiopathic pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (IPAP) suppressed the growth of peripheral blood monocytes and TF-1 cells, a cell line dependent on either GM-CSF or interleukin-3 (IL-3). (wiley.com)
In contrast, unlike normal peripheral blood monocytes or alveolar macrophages, RA synovial tissue macrophages constitutively expressed MCP-1 mRNA and antigen. (northwestern.edu)

SARS-CoV-2 infects alveolar epithelial cells [mainly alveolar epithelial type 2 (AEC2) cells] through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. (kegg.jp)
In this study we determined gene expression and secretion patterns for monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) and T-cell specific CXCR3 agonistic chemokines (Mig/CXCL9, IP-10/CXCL10, and I-TAC/CXCL11) in TNF-α-, IFN-γ-, and IL-1β-stimulated human alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC-II). (biomedcentral.com)
The alveolar surface area of the lung is covered with a layer of alveolar epithelial cells type I and type II. (biomedcentral.com)
Type I cells function as a physical barrier, whereas type II cells produce surfactant and act as progenitors to replace injured alveolar epithelial cells type I [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, located at the boundary between the alveolar airspace and the interstitium, alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC-II) are ideally situated to regulate the recruitment and activation of different types of leukocytes through the production of chemokines/cytokines in response to inflammatory stimulation from the alveolar space. (biomedcentral.com)
The primary cell types found in the lower respiratory tract are alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages (AMs). (souforum.com)
Pathological examinations of samples obtained from patients who died of SARS revealed diffuse alveolar damage, accompanied by prominent hyperplasia of pulmonary epithelial cells and presentation of activated alveolar and interstitial macrophages. (souforum.com)
HLA-DR is expressed primarily on antigen presenting cells such as B lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, thymic epithelial cells and activated T lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)

A novel CD8 molecule expressed by alveolar and peritoneal macrophages stimulates nitric oxide production. (bdbiosciences.com)
The RNA sequencing in mouse peritoneal macrophages and subsequent network pharmacological analysis were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of QFPD. (xiahepublishing.com)
The neuro-immunological control of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages by the vagal nerve is well-documented. (uni-greifswald.de)
In contrast to peritoneal and alveolar macrophages however, these findings suggest a pro-inflammatory effect of the vagal nerve on Kupffer cells. (uni-greifswald.de)
a set of quantitative signs of activation, previously developed in studies of inflammatory peritoneal macrophages, has been applied to the study of immunologically stimulated peritoneal cells. (liverpool.ac.uk)
AN - do not confuse with SURGICAL STOMATA HN - 2008 BX - Diaphragmatic Stomata BX - Lymphatic Stomata BX - Stomata, Peritoneal FX - Surgical Stomas MH - Von Ebner Glands UI - D054838 MN - A03.556.500.760.906 MN - A10.336.779.906 MN - A14.549.760.906 MS - Small tubulo-alveolar salivary glands located beneath the circumvallate and foliate papillae. (bvsalud.org)

Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) drive the inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and they are a major source of eicosanoids in airway inflammation. (nature.com)
Thus, SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves an inflammatory imprint in the monocyte/ macrophage compartment that drives aberrant macrophage effector functions and eicosanoid metabolism, resulting in long-term immune aberrations in patients recovering from mild COVID-19. (nature.com)
Using the reverse haemolytic plaque assay, the aims of this study were to determine if the upregulation of TNF-α could be confirmed and to investigate whether this was monocyte or macrophage specific. (ersjournals.com)
Monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages drive lung fibrosis and persist in the lung over the life span. (nature.com)
We investigated the production of the chemotactic cytokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) using sera, synovial fluid, synovial tissue, as well as macrophages and fibroblasts isolated from synovial tissues from 80 arthritic patients. (northwestern.edu)
This was accompanied by influx of inflammatory monocyte-macrophages, which are attracted by inflammatory signals. (souforum.com)
Pulmonary macrophages, such as tissue-resident alveolar and interstitial macrophages and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages, are the major macrophages present in the lungs during homeostasis and diseased conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
These recruited monocyte-derived macrophages also protect lung function by their heightened production of antipathogen factors and active phagocytosis of cellular debris (Aegerter et al. (biomedcentral.com)
The lung compartment is later experienced CCR2 dependent influx of monocytes, which are later differentiated into monocyte derived alveolar macrophages (MoAM) that can drive lung inflammation and lung fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
As the most abundant innate immune cells, monocyte-derived macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory response, cholesterol metabolism, and foam cell formation. (biomed.news)

Ex vivo stimulation of alveolar macrophages from 2-wk animals demonstrated reduced cytokine responsiveness and phagocytic ability. (nebraska.edu)
These results suggest that synovial production of MCP-1 may play an important role in the recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes during inflammation associated with RA and that synovial tissue macrophages are the dominant source of this cytokine. (northwestern.edu)
macrophage stimulation triggers the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, and the "cytokine storm", which results in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure. (kegg.jp)
These data suggest that the regulation of the CCL2 and CXCL10 expression exhibit significant differences in their mechanisms, and also demonstrate that the alveolar epithelium contributes to the cytokine milieu of the lung, with the ability to respond to locally generated cytokines and to produce potent mediators of the local inflammatory response. (biomedcentral.com)
Trained monocytes/macrophages with innate immune memory can be persistently hyperactivated and can undergo extensive epigenetic rewiring, which contributes to the pathophysiological development of atherosclerosis via increased proinflammatory cytokine production and lipid accumulation. (biomed.news)
It activates sig-nal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3, and subsequently induces the suppres-sor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS-3), resulting in the resolution of inflammatory response in macrophages. (tu-dortmund.de)
matory response, IL-10 has been shown to inhibit macrophage and Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in T lymphocyte cytokine synthesis and MHC class II and B7 ex- which to study the delayed type hypersensitivity response to persistent pression. (cdc.gov)

Mice deficient in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) develop pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). (wiley.com)
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease that causes progressive dyspnea. (wiley.com)
Rationale Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) patients exhibit an acquired deficiency of biologically active granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) attributable to GM-CSF specific autoantibodies. (ecu.edu)

Alveolar macrophages are phagocytes that play a critical role in homeostasis, host defense, and tissue remodeling. (wikipedia.org)

By studying transcriptome- and lipid mediator profiles in MDM of convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with previous mild disease, we show that inflammatory gene expression and eicosanoid profiles as well as altered responsiveness to inflammatory cues are maintained at 3-5 months post infection as well as throughout macrophage differentiation. (nature.com)
Therefore, we investigated the role of TLRs in the immune response against A. fumigatus and their contribution to the signaling events triggered in murine alveolar macrophages upon infection with A. fumigatus conidia. (pasteur.fr)
Furthermore, while Atg5 is dispensable in alveolar macrophages during M. tuberculosis infection, loss of Atg5 in PMNs can sensitize mice to M. tuberculosis. (nih.gov)
In response to infection, macrophages must react rapidly with a substantial pro-inflammatory burst to kill microorganisms and to recruit additional immune cells to the infection site. (souforum.com)
After a respiratory virus infection, the pool of resident macrophages is highly affected. (biomedcentral.com)
Endophilin B2 facilitates endosome maturation in response to growth factor stimulation, autophagy induction, and influenza A virus infection. (psu.edu)
Welcome to the Macrophage Infection of HIV Implications for Pathogenesis and Cure meeting, jointly organized by the National Institute of Mental Health and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. (nih.gov)
Although CD4 T cells are the main targets of HIV infection, macrophages also become infected and resist the cytopathic effects of infection, contributing potentially to HIV reservoir persistence. (nih.gov)
So this meeting will examine emerging data relating to macrophage interactions with the immune system during HIV infection, macrophage reservoirs and approaches to their elimination, and the involvement of CNS myeloid reservoirs and associated comorbidities. (nih.gov)
The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)
So on day one, Session 1 will focus on macrophages and the immune system during HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Session 2 will focus on challenges to study HIV/SIV reservoirs, and Session 3 will really have the highlights from recent awardees of the NIMH/NINDS/NIDA Myeloid Reservoir RFA. (nih.gov)
In vitro studies have demonstrated a permissive infection (production of infectious progeny) of and Humans human macrophages with the Utah I strain of AMDV ( 12 ). (cdc.gov)
An abdominal aortic biopsy showed ad- acute cytopathic infection of alveolar cells, which leads to ventitial lymphoplasmacytic cell infi ltration and minimal respiratory distress and death ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

A role for interferon-gamma is suggested by the observation that interferon-gamma knockout mice lack granulomatous inflammation in response to stimulation by thermophilic bacteria, whereas granulomatous inflammation develops in both knockout mice given interferon-gamma replacement and wild-type mice. (medscape.com)
In supplemental animal studies, LPLA2 deficiency was verified in GM-CSF KO mice but was not present in macrophage-specific PPARγ KO mice compared to wild-type controls. (ecu.edu)
Lavage fluid TNFα, IL-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 were significantly increased after single and repetitive dust exposures, but were dampened in 2-wk dust-exposed mice compared with single exposure. (nebraska.edu)
Our investigations revealed that immunocompetent TLR2, TLR4, and MyD88 knockout mice were not more susceptible to invasive aspergillosis as compared with wild-type mice and that the in vitro phosphorylation of the MAPKs ERK and p38 was not affected in TLR2, TLR4, or MyD88 knockout mice following stimulation with conidia. (pasteur.fr)
QFPD inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines in macrophages, ameliorated ALI in mice, and prolong its survival at the lethal dose of LPS. (xiahepublishing.com)
5. Hill, R.J., Warren, M.K. and Levin, J. Stimulation of thrombopoiesis in mice by human recombinant interleukin-6. (pacificejournals.com)
biochemical and functional characteristics of the plasma membrane of macrophages from bcg-infected mice. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Immune-stimulated murine macrophages were recently reported to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans (2), Cryptococcus neoformans (9), Histoplasma capsulatum (14, 17), Pneumocystis carinii (11), and Rhizopus spp. (dadospdf.com)
We designed a study to evaluate the effect of NO and RNI, generated either chemically or after immunological stimulation of murine macrophages, on the in vitro growth of P. marneffei. (dadospdf.com)
Cultured murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) were used to investigate the effects of fracking sand dust (FSD) for its pro-inflammatory activity, in order to gain insight into the potential toxicity to workers associated with inhalation of FSD during hydraulic fracturing. (cdc.gov)

A greater number of alveolar macrophages produced TNF-α compared to autologous monocytes in sarcoidosis but not in controls and, based on cell size, it was confirmed that this was the product of more mature macrophages and that the secretion of TNF-α by monocytes and macrophages was heterogeneous: not all monocytes and macrophages secrete TNF-α. (ersjournals.com)
In recent decades, it has been demonstrated that monocytes and macrophages can establish innate immune memory (also termed trained immunity) via endogenous and exogenous atherogenic stimuli and exhibit a long-lasting proinflammatory phenotype. (biomed.news)

The in vitro model that we developed is the first one to reproduce the transformation of the fungus from a conidial to a yeast-like form, the latter form being found in vivo in infected macrophages. (dadospdf.com)

Resident and recruited macrophages in the lung produce high levels of cysteinyl LTs (cysLTs) and leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), thereby promoting granulocyte infiltration, airway inflammation and tissue remodeling 8 . (nature.com)
In this study, the head kidney macrophages of Siberian sturgeon were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammation by evaluating the expression of cytokines. (bvsalud.org)
A panel will discuss research gaps and priorities related to human macrophage reservoirs and inflammation/comorbidities and treatment strategies for HIV remission and cure. (nih.gov)
6]. The extent of plaque, scales, inflammation and bleeding of gingival, depth of periodontal pockets, and the extent of alveolar bone loss have also been examined in such studies [7]. (bvsalud.org)
Spherical agglomerated particles of smaller nominal tube dimension were linked to granulomatous inflammation while a mixture of smaller and larger dimensional CNT/F resulted in more severe alveolar injury. (cdc.gov)

While tissue-resident macrophages act as sentinels of the alveolar space and play an important role in maintaining homeostasis and immune regulation, recruited macrophages accumulate in the respiratory tract after acute viral infections. (biomedcentral.com)
This study provides novel evidence of a neuro-immunological interaction between the vagal nerve and the resident macrophages of the liver. (uni-greifswald.de)

Many pulmonary disorders are characterized by accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells within the lung, followed by the release of regulatory mediators, resulting in macrophage/lymphocyte alveolitis. (biomedcentral.com)
however, we measured no change in T lymphocyte proliferation or in the percentage of alveolar macrophages expressing HLA-DP. (cdc.gov)

2022 ). Alveolar macrophages (AM) and interstitial macrophages (IM) are two pulmonary resident macrophage populations that are present during homeostatic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
Lung IM resides specifically in the interstitial space but can also be found in the alveolar space in a low percentage (Duan et al. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we provide an overview of the regulation of cellular metabolic processes and epigenetic modifications of innate immune memory in monocytes/macrophages as well as the potential endogenous and exogenous stimulations involved in the progression of atherosclerosis that have been reported recently. (biomed.news)

Oil Red O intensity of PAP alveolar macrophages decreased after treatment, indicating reduced intracellular lipid while extracellular free cholesterol increased in BAL fluid. (ecu.edu)
They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. (lookformedical.com)
The intracellular growth of P. marneffei damaged nonstimulated J774 macrophages, as confirmed by electron microscopy. (dadospdf.com)

In Vitro Effects of Agricultur al Dusts on Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophages. (cdc.gov)
The effects of in-vitro exposure to alveolar macrophages to burnt hay, chopped hay, and silage were studied. (cdc.gov)
In-vitro exposure of guinea-pig alveolar macrophages to silage dusts resulted in a dose dependent stimulation of oxygen consumption. (cdc.gov)
The effect of in-vitro exposure of alveolar macrophages to agricultur al dust on the ability of n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl- phenylalanine (FMLP) to stimulate respiratory burst activity was also tested. (cdc.gov)
as control or 4 μM of dexamethasone were tested in vitro on MH-S murine alveolar macrophages. (chemnews-japan.com)
Hingegen führte die subdiaphragmale Vagotomie zu einer Reduktion der in vitro TNF-α-Antwort von Kupffer-Zellen nach Stimulation mit LPS. (uni-greifswald.de)
We investigated the effect of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen intermediates on the in vitro growth of Penicillium marneffei both in a cell-free system and in a novel macrophage culture system. (dadospdf.com)

PAP alveolar macrophages are foamy, lipid-filled cells with impaired surfactant clearance and markedly reduced expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the PPARγ-regulated ATP binding cassette (ABC) lipid transporter, ABCG1. (ecu.edu)
Conclusions Reduction in GM-CSF autoantibodies by rituximab therapy improves alveolar macrophage lipid metabolism by increasing lipid transport and surfactant catabolism. (ecu.edu)
2021 ). Not only are macrophages among the first immune cells to encounter viral particles in the lung, but they also maintain lung function by engulfing small debris and regulating surfactant turnover (Aegerter et al. (biomedcentral.com)
Pulmonary Macrophages in health and disease: During homeostasis, AM helps in surfactant and cellular debris removal. (biomedcentral.com)
Tsotakos N, Phelps DS, Yengo CM, Chinchilli VM, Floros J. Single-cell analysis reveals differential regulation of the alveolar macrophage actin cytoskeleton by surfactant proteins A1 and A2: implications of sex and aging. (psu.edu)

This study has demonstrated that a subset of mononuclear phagocytes, mature macrophages, are responsible for tumour necrosis factor secretion and this could have implications for targeted management in sarcoidosis in the future. (ersjournals.com)

[ 20 ] High levels of IL-8 are released by alveolar macrophages in patients with acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. (medscape.com)

In children, the description of developmental changes in immune receptor expression on alveolar macrophages (AM) has been limited by the small number of cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). (ersjournals.com)
Alveolar macrophages are also involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic and necrotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
It is localized in the cytosol of resting human and rat peripheral blood neutrophils, whereas it is found in the nucleus in rat basophilic leukemia cells and human alveolar macrophages. (sigmaaldrich.com)
IL-8 (a chemoattractant of neutrophils) is released by a cell line with properties of alveolar lung cells when stimulated by thermophilic bacteria. (medscape.com)
In TDM-stimulated MH-S cells, PL significantly influenced the macrophage inducible Ca 2+ -dependent lectin receptor (Mincle)-Syk-ERK signalling pathway. (chemnews-japan.com)
The involvement of autophagy has been defined based on studies in cultured cells where M. tuberculosis co-localizes with autophagy factors ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, p62, NDP52, BECN1 and LC3 (refs 2-6), stimulation of autophagy increases bacterial killing, and inhibition of autophagy increases bacterial survival. (nih.gov)
This causes activated macrophages and effector T lymphocytes to shift to a high glucose uptake, even under oxygen-rich conditions, which is known as the "Warburg effect", similar to cancer cells. (souforum.com)
Silveyra P, Chroneos ZC, DiAngelo SL, Thomas NJ, Noutsios GT, Tsotakos N, Howrylak JA, Umstead TM, Floros J. Knockdown of Drosha in human alveolar type II cells alters expression of SP-A in culture: a pilot study. (psu.edu)
It has been suggested that 14-member macrolides have immunomodulatory effects on various lung cells such as alveolar macrophages. (tu-dortmund.de)
Kupffer cells in the liver account for 80 - 90 % of all tissue macrophages. (uni-greifswald.de)
During the following 24 h, P. marneffei grew as yeast-like cells replicating by fission in the J774 macrophages. (dadospdf.com)
When J774 cells were stimulated by gamma interferon and lipopolysaccharide, which led to enhanced production of reactive nitrogen intermediates, the percentage of yeast-like cells was significantly reduced and P. marneffei conidia were damaged in the J774 macrophages. (dadospdf.com)
Description: The LN3 mAb reacts with the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, HLA-DR. HLA-DR is expressed on the surface of human antigen presenting cells (APC) including B cells, monocytes, macrophages, DCs, and activated T cells. (thermofisher.com)

The rapid kinetics of SARS-CoV replication and the relative delay in type I IFN signaling may promote inflammatory M1 macrophage accumulation, suggesting that targeted antagonism of this pathway would improve outcomes in patients with severe coronavirus infections [2] . (souforum.com)
This pathway is mediated via the α7-subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on macrophages. (uni-greifswald.de)
The inverse correlation between intramacrophage growth and the amount of nitrite detected in culture supernatants supports the hypothesis that the L-arginine-dependent NO pathway plays an important role in the murine macrophage immune response against P. marneffei. (dadospdf.com)

or 4) a fluorescent-labelled monoclonal antibody to CD68, a pan-macrophage antigen. (ersjournals.com)

Mechanisms may involve GM-CSF stimulation of alveolar macrophage ABCG1 and LPLA2 activities by distinct pathways. (ecu.edu)
The signaling pathways of the alveolar macrophage involved in the clearance of A. fumigatus are poorly understood. (pasteur.fr)

Itaconate is one of the most up-regulated metabolites in macrophages in response to the gram negative bacterial product LPS. (biomed.news)

A number of previous publications have demonstrated the upregulation of TNF-α in a variety of contexts including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid protein, macrophage protein secretion and macrophage TNF messenger ribonucleic acid content 9 - 16 . (ersjournals.com)
Dust exposure resulted in increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophils and macrophages after single and repetitive exposures. (nebraska.edu)

3. Bost, T.W., Riches, D.W. and Schumacher, B. Alveolar macrophages from patients with beryllium disease and sarcoidosis express increased levels of mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta. (pacificejournals.com)

Alveolar macrophages are frequently seen to contain granules of exogenous material such as particulate carbon that they have picked up from respiratory surfaces. (wikipedia.org)

In this review, we summarize the current view on these macrophage populations, their shared functions, and what makes them distinct from each other in the context of homeostasis and respiratory viral infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Lung macrophages play a critical role in shaping homeostasis and immune regulation and encounter pathogens (Hou et al. (biomedcentral.com)

Expression of inducible NO synthase enables macrophages to increase the production of NO from L-arginine and oxygen. (dadospdf.com)

Total absence of dystrophin expression exacerbates ectopic myofiber calcification and fibrosis and alters macrophage infiltration patterns. (nature.com)

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES . (lookformedical.com)
The increased concentration of NO and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) produced by activated macrophages is reported to inhibit the growth of several bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses (4). (dadospdf.com)

One of the type I interferons produced by fibroblasts in response to stimulation by live or inactivated virus or by double-stranded RNA. (lookformedical.com)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a major global health threat, replicates in macrophages in part by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion, until interferon-γ (IFNγ) activates the macrophage to traffic M. tuberculosis to the lysosome. (nih.gov)

This review article discusses the crucial role of distinct lung macrophage subsets in the immune response to respiratory viral infections such as influenza (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). (biomedcentral.com)

Each of these dusts significantly impaired the ability of alveolar macrophages to be activated by the chemotactic peptide, FMLP. (cdc.gov)
Immunohistochemical analysis of synovial tissue showed that a significantly greater percentage of RA macrophages (50±8%) as compared to either OA macrophages (5±2) or normal macrophages (1±0.3) reacted with anti-MCP-1 antibodies. (northwestern.edu)

Objectives This study sought to determine whether rituximab therapy would restore lipid metabolism in PAP alveolar macrophages. (ecu.edu)

Stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or LPS triggered exaggerated prostanoid-, type I IFN-, and chemokine responses in post COVID-19 MDM. (nature.com)

Video showing HIV-1-infected human macrophage sensing its environment. (ucsd.edu)
Nitric oxide (NO) has recently been studied as an antimicrobial factor produced by murine and to a lesser extent by human macrophages (16, 20). (dadospdf.com)

Transcription factors such as PPAR-γ, ERG2, and BACH2 helps in maturation and differentiation of fetal monocytes that seeds alveolar space during embryonic stage. (biomedcentral.com)

Notably, these recruited macrophages may have distinct metabolic, proliferative, and inflammatory gene expression than resident AMs (Mould et al. (biomedcentral.com)

It is concluded that laser scanning cytometry is suited to the study of immune receptor expression from small numbers of paediatric alveolar macrophages, when CD68 is used for cell identification. (ersjournals.com)
The measurement of developmental changes in alveolar macrophage (AM) immune receptor expression using flow cytometry (FC) in children is limited by several factors. (ersjournals.com)
Despite sharing similar anatomical niches, these macrophages are distinct in terms of their origins, surface marker expression, and transcriptional profiles, which impart macrophages with distinguished characteristics in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)

An alveolar macrophage, pulmonary macrophage, (or dust cell) is a type of macrophage, a professional phagocyte, found in the airways and at the level of the alveoli in the lungs, but separated from their walls. (wikipedia.org)

In the immunocompetent host, inhaled conidia are cleared by alveolar macrophages. (pasteur.fr)
P. marneffei conidia were phagocytized by nonstimulated murine J774 macrophages after 2 h of incubation. (dadospdf.com)

Moreover, macrophages possess a number of nutrient deprivation mechanisms that are used to starve phagocytosed pathogens of essential micronutrients. (wikipedia.org)

Altogether, massive accumulation of pathogenic inflammatory macrophages increased the severity of SARS. (souforum.com)
Differences in individual alveolar or bronchiolar outcomes and severity correlated with physical dimensions and how the materials agglomerated. (cdc.gov)

Upon stimulation of the cell, 5-LO translocates to the nuclear membrane where it is found in association with 5-LO activating protein (FLAP) and with the 85 kDa cPLA 2 . (sigmaaldrich.com)

Anatomy44

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