• We determined the mechanisms of GM-CSF regulation in AM from normal volunteers activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by examining the role of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and MAP kinase kinase (MKK-1). (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we examined the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and the mitogen-activated protein kinases, ERK1/2,in mediating BK-induced AP-1 and DNA replication in cultured rat mesangial cells. (nih.gov)
  • Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease macrophage inflammatory gene expression by dexamethasone and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor N-cyano-N'-(2-{[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)guanidine (SB706504). (ox.ac.uk)
  • p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is known to be increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) macrophages. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A mitogen is a small bioactive protein or peptide that induces a cell to begin cell division, or enhances the rate of division (mitosis). (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism of action of a mitogen is that it triggers signal transduction pathways involving mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), leading to mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein kinase domain found on mitogenic receptors is often hyperactivated in cancer cells, remaining turned on even in the absence of external mitogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. (plos.org)
  • The byg mutation is an A to T transversion causing a premature stop codon in the gene encoding MAP3K4 (also known as MEKK4), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. (plos.org)
  • This mutant, which we called boygirl ( byg ), was shown to contain an early stop codon that disrupts the autosomal gene encoding MAP3K4, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (plos.org)
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in serum-induced secretion of LIF and IL-6 by bone marrow stromal cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • TY - JOUR T1 - Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase family in serum-induced leukaemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 secretion by bone marrow stromal cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Here we show that the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway stimulates post-transcriptional stages of human ribosome synthesis. (iric.ca)
  • RIOK2 phosphorylation by RSK stimulates cytoplasmic maturation of late pre-40S particles, which is required for optimal protein synthesis and cell proliferation. (iric.ca)
  • The anti-inflammatory effects of SHE treatment involved blocking of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathways. (researchgate.net)
  • Stimulation of CD30 leads signal mediation through tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated proteins (TRAF), thereby stimulating the nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkB) pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. (aad.org)
  • This agent also inhibited cytokine-stimulated MMP-3 protein expression in human synovial fibroblasts. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Mechanistic studies revealed no impact on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Instead, TWHF partially inhibited DNA binding capacity of cytokine-stimulated activating protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Further mechanistic studies revealed that these functions were controlled by the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) interacting protein kinase (MNK) signaling pathways, which regulate which mRNAs will be translated. (lu.se)
  • As expected, cortisol decreased basal and mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in a dose dependent manner (P (usda.gov)
  • One way to evaluate T-cell immune health is to measure the proliferation of a patient's T cells in response to stimulation with an antigen or mitogen. (the-scientist.com)
  • While in vitro administration of glucocorticoids may inhibit concanavalin A (Con A)- and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced T-cell proliferation, pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven B-cell mitogenesis is relatively resistant to glucocorticoids. (karger.com)
  • Data suggest that, unlike the weak mitogen 2-OHE, 16α-OHE 1 stimulates cellular proliferation by constitutively activating the oestrogen receptor. (ersjournals.com)
  • Nestin is required for survival, renewal and mitogen-stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells. (biogenex.com)
  • It was also found that O3 exposure dramatically enhanced the proliferation of CD4-CD8- thymocytes stimulated by recombinant mouse interleukin-7 (rmIL-7), which is usually observed during the mammal aging process. (cdc.gov)
  • Granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), released from alveolar macrophages (AM), is an important regulator of eosinophil, T cell, and macrophage function and survival. (nih.gov)
  • In this study production levels of interleukins (IL)-12 and IL-13 were measured by commercial ELISA in culture supernatants of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 non-splenectomized beta-thalassaemia cases with iron overload and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. (who.int)
  • Autoradiographic studies of chromosomes after pulse-labelling with 3 H-thymidine during the terminal 6 h of phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte cultures revealed a differential pattern of distribution of the radionucleotide in the chromosomes of megaloblastic lymphocytes as compared to those from normal lymphocytes. (karger.com)
  • Each of these effects was blocked by tyrosine kinase inhibition with genistein or herbimycin A. Similarly, antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting of ERK1/2 mRNA inhibited BK-stimulated DNA synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • CBC1/CBC2 redundantly stimulate stomatal opening by inhibition of S-type anion channels in response to both BL and low concentrations of CO 2 . (nature.com)
  • The QuantiFERON ® -TB Gold IT system uses specialized blood collection tubes, which are used to collect whole blood via venipuncture, which include a Nil control tube, TB Antigen tube and a Mitogen tube (positive control). (cdc.gov)
  • For each subject, 1 mL of blood was collected by venipuncture directly into each of three QFT GIT blood collection tubes in the order Nil (grey cap), TB Antigen (red cap), Mitogen (purple cap). (cdc.gov)
  • Each tube (Nil, TB Antigen, Mitogen) was identifiable by its label once the cap was removed. (cdc.gov)
  • In the Luminetics Assay, T cells are stimulated with an antigen or mitogen first, followed by separation of specific T-cell subsets. (the-scientist.com)
  • BK (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) stimulated a rapid increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins with an estimated molecular mass of 120-130, 90-95, and 44-42 kDa. (nih.gov)
  • It, combined with the Ras pathway, downregulate cyclin D1, a cyclin-dependent kinase, if they are not stimulated by the presence of mitogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • This can result in a deadly positive feedback loop - tumor cells produce their own mitogens, which stimulate more tumor cells to replicate, which can then produce even more mitogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • These TAMs further stimulate activation of cytotoxic T cells that kill tumor cells, resulting in suppression of tumor growth. (lu.se)
  • Mitogens act primarily by influencing a set of proteins which are involved in the restriction of progression through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family. (bvsalud.org)
  • First, cancer cells can produce their own mitogens, a term called autocrine stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated cells can be prepared from in vivo -stimulated tissues or from in vitro -stimulated cultures (e.g. mitogen or LPS stimulation). (biolegend.com)
  • PBL function was assessed by the proliferative response to the mitogens and stress hormone treatments. (usda.gov)
  • It builds the lining each month, and stimulates the MMPs which cause it to break down. (progesteronetherapy.com)
  • The major pathologic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are joint inflammation and articular cartilage resorption by proinflammatory cytokine-stimulated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This is not true for all growth factors, as some growth factors instead appear to cause mitogenic effects like growth indirectly by triggering other mitogens to be released, as evidenced by their lack of mitogenic activity in vitro, which VEGF has. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs) were cultured with dexamethasone and/or SB706504. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Aliquots of the PBL suspension were cultured in microtiter plate wells with or without the addition of the mitogens Concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin. (usda.gov)
  • This is usually a combination of two abnormalities: first, cancer cells lose their dependence on mitogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second, cancer cells are resistant to anti-mitogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rather than requiring endogenous or external mitogens to continue the cell cycle, cancer cells are able to grow, survive, and replicate without mitogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Second, cancer cells can have mutated cell-surface receptors for mitogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • With this mutation, cells are stimulated to divide by abnormally low levels of mitogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2: Transformed human bone marrow stromal cells (HS-5) were stimulated with foetal calf serum (FCS) to produce LIF and IL-6. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Glucose oxidation of desensitized cells couldbe stimulated by spermihe but not by insulin. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A detrimental role for oestrogens in FPAH is supported by studies that show oestrogen is a potent mitogen of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells 4 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Oestrogen exacerbates fibroids as it's a mitogen, causing cells to proliferate. (progesteronetherapy.com)
  • Chromosomal studies were performed in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated cultures of lymphocytes and in bone marrow cells without culture from 115 patients with megaloblastic anaemia resulting from nutritional deficiency of folate and vitamin B 12 Essentially similar chromosomal abnormalities were observed in the two cell lines. (karger.com)
  • One such example is HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase that responds to the mitogen EGF. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, in zebrafish, an endogenous mitogen Nrg1 is produced in response to indications of heart damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • The polyclonal cellularimmune response against T cell mitogens and against allogeneic stimuli was found to be diminished inpatients. (medscimonit.com)
  • Wepostulate that AP patients may have one or more skin antigens that stimulate an autoimmune response,which causes the observed skin lesions. (medscimonit.com)
  • Dans la présente étude, les taux de production des interleukines 12 et 13 (IL-12 et IL-13) ont été mesurés à l'aide de la méthode ELISA dans les surnageants de culture de cellules mononucléées de sang périphérique stimulées par des mitogènes chez 30 cas de bêta-thalassémie non splénectomisés présentant une surcharge martiale ainsi que chez 20 individus en bonne santé appariés pour l'âge et le sexe. (who.int)
  • SB706504 significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated TNFalpha production from COPD and smoker AMs, with near-maximal suppression caused by combination treatment with dexamethasone. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Meanwhile, O3 exposure resulted in a decline of mitogen-induced IL-2 production in splenocytes. (cdc.gov)
  • The point where mitogens are no longer needed to move the cell cycle forward is called the "restriction point" and depends on cyclins to be passed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mitogen stimulated plasma sample serves as an IFN-γ positive control for each specimen tested. (cdc.gov)
  • Some growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, are also capable of directly acting as mitogens, causing growth by directly inducing cell replication. (wikipedia.org)