Computerized tomographyDopplerIntracranialAtherosclerosisNoninvasiveDigital AngiographyContrast-enhancedArterialRenovascularBlood vesselsUltrasoundCases of renal artery sTreatment of renal artery sAreas of stenosisBilateral renal artery sInternal carotiComputed tomography anHigh-grade stenosisUnderwentModerate stenosisUnilateralDegree of stenosisIschemic strokeOcclusionAngioplastyIschemiaSevereComplicationsAsymptomaticVessel wallCarotid ArteryRenal functionDiagnosticMiddle cerebrHypertensionArteriesPreoperativePatientsConventionalImagingCEMRAStentDiagnosisCardiacInfarctionVascularPerfusionCongenital heart dOccursAngiogram
Computerized tomography2
- Computerized tomography (CT) angiography. (mayoclinic.org)
- This imaging test is often done in combination with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. (mayoclinic.org)
Doppler5
- The specific criteria for renal artery stenosis on Doppler are an acceleration time of greater than 70 milliseconds, an acceleration index of less than 300 cm/sec² and a velocity ratio of the renal artery to aorta of greater than 3.5. (wikipedia.org)
- Diagnosis and outcome of renal function in patients with renal artery stenosis: which role have color Doppler sonography and magnetic resonance angiography? (minervamedica.it)
- However, postoperative angiography and carotid Doppler revealed a kinked ICA with a high-flow velocity that was not present intraoperatively. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Overall, CEMRA generally performed best, although computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and Doppler ultrasound also performed well. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Pulmonary vein stenosis is often suspected by echcocardiography when there is a monophasic Doppler flow profile with a mean gradient of more than 4 mmHg. (neocardiolab.com)
Intracranial8
- Patients were free of large-vessel intracranial stenoses, evident areas of ischemic infarction, evident areas of nonspecific white matter change, and hemodynamic or low-flow induction of TIA symptomatology. (nih.gov)
- Intracranial measurement techniques are being developed to further study cerebrovascular reserve using phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography. (nih.gov)
- The prevalence and risk factors of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) located in the anterior circulation (AC) and posterior circulation (PC) has been scarcely noted in the general population. (hindawi.com)
- Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is a predominant cause for ischemic stroke, particularly for the Asian population. (hindawi.com)
- There was no significant difference between the three groups as regard presence of significant intracranial stenosis in magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). (scirp.org)
- The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of co-existing intracranial and extracranial carotid atherosclerotic plaques and their relationships with recurrent stroke by using 3D multi-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging. (nih.gov)
- All patients underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) for brain and intracranial and extracranial arteries. (nih.gov)
- Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was used to detect cervical and/or intracranial plaque, and ultrasonography was used to quantify carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) as an index of subclinical atherosclerosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Atherosclerosis6
- Peripheral vascular disease (PVD ), or atherosclerosis of peripheral vessels, is the most common cause of symptomatic stenosis in the human vascular tree. (medscape.com)
- Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is the narrowing of one or both of the renal arteries, most often caused by atherosclerosis or fibromuscular dysplasia. (wikipedia.org)
- Renal artery stenosis is most often caused by atherosclerosis which causes the renal arteries to harden and narrow due to the build-up of plaque. (wikipedia.org)
- Stenosis and occlusion are usually due to thromboemboli, atherosclerosis, or fibromuscular dysplasia. (msdmanuals.com)
- Atherosclerosis imaging has been traditionally based on the evaluation of coronary luminal narrowing and stenosis. (encyclopedia.pub)
- Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) causes renal artery stenosis. (diseasesdic.com)
Noninvasive8
- Carotid duplex ultrasonography (US) is a noninvasive means by which to estimate the degree of cervical carotid stenosis. (medscape.com)
- Unlike traditional angiography that involves placing a tube (catheter) into the body, MRA is noninvasive. (medlineplus.gov)
- This is another noninvasive form of angiography combining computerized analysis of X-ray images with the use of intravenous contrast dye to allow your doctor to check the structure of your aorta and its nearby branches and to monitor blood flow. (mayoclinic.org)
- The Sperling Diagnostic Group provides fast, noninvasive, high resolution Magnetic Resonance Angiography. (sperlingdiagnostic.com)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, formerly known as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging - NMRI) is a noninvasive method of graphically representing the distribution of water and other hydrogen-rich molecules in the human body. (cms.gov)
- Noninvasive testing, especially contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA), compares very favorably with invasive angiography. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Since noninvasive testing appears to be less accurate in patients with less severe stenosis, a reasonable strategy might begin with CEMRA. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Two members of this research team searched MEDLINE and EMBASE and hand-searched several journals to identify 41 prospective studies of at least 20 patients with suspected carotid artery disease who underwent 1 or more noninvasive test and invasive angiography. (unboundmedicine.com)
Digital Angiography1
- The study has been carried out prospectively on 46 patients affected by hemodynamically significant atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, detected by Magnetic Resonance Angiography or Selective Digital Angiography. (biomedcentral.com)
Contrast-enhanced3
- Contrast-enhanced MRA using a gadolinium MR agent offers improved visualization in areas of high-grade stenosis where TOF MRA may falsely indicate a short-segment occlusion. (medscape.com)
- Forty-seven consecutive patients with moderate-ly impaired renal function and a clinical suspicion of renalartery stenosis were investigated with computed tomogra- There is debate over how to investigate renal artery steno- phy angiography (CTA), gadolinium-enhanced magnetic sis (RAS), in particular how to determine whether, and to resonance angiography (MRA), contrast-enhanced Dopp- what extent, this contributes to renovascular hypertension. (medicinelakex1.com)
- 50%) was observed at the left internal carotid artery (ICA) on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. (j-nn.org)
Arterial8
- Ferumoxytol-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography is a feasible method for the clinical evaluation of lower extremity arterial disease. (ucsf.edu)
- Magnetic resonans angiography showed right femoral arteriovenous fistula and left renal arterial stenosis. (khas.edu.tr)
- At first step renal arterial stenosis was treated with endovascular stent implantation. (khas.edu.tr)
- Our case report suggests that direct vessel wall imaging can be useful in patients who have ischemic stroke with an embolic pattern without significant arterial stenosis. (j-nn.org)
- Our case may show the usefulness of carotid ultrasonography in patients who have ischemic stroke with an embolic pattern without significant arterial stenosis. (j-nn.org)
- In all cases tumor cells were found in the adventitia of the cavernous carotid with stenosis of the arterial lumen. (elsevierpure.com)
- Non-invasive imaging compared with intra-arterial angiography in the diagnosis of symptomatic carotid stenosis: a meta-analysis. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Axial gradient-recalled magnetic resonance angiogram in a 42-year-old woman with a 5-year history of hypertension who underwent magnetic resonance angiography for the assessment of renal arterial stenosis. (medscape.com)
Renovascular2
- Renal artery stenosis in a patient with medically refractory renovascular hypertension. (medscape.com)
- This might be useful as a functional measurement of significant renovascular stenosis leading to hypertension and, thus, a marker of a greater likelihood of benefit from angioplasty and stenting. (diseasesdic.com)
Blood vessels4
- Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an MRI exam of the blood vessels. (medlineplus.gov)
- X-rays of your blood vessels (angiography). (mayoclinic.org)
- This less invasive form of angiography produces detailed images of your blood vessels without the use of catheters or X-rays. (mayoclinic.org)
- A 52-year-old woman with nonspecific symptoms was diagnosed with multiple cerebral aneurysms and abnormal blood vessels observed on magnetic resonance angiography. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
Ultrasound2
- Magnetic resonance angiography with gadolinium-based contrast agents is not uni-versally recommended in this patient population, and alternative diagnostic tests (eg, unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasound, scintigraphy, etc) should be considered first. (hypertension.ca)
- Duplex ultrasound blood-flow imaging studies with or without magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or contrast angiography are used to visualize the arch, carotids, and vertebral vessels. (mhmedical.com)
Cases of renal artery s1
- Most cases of renal artery stenosis are asymptomatic, and the main problem is high blood pressure that cannot be controlled with medication. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment of renal artery s2
- Plouin PF, Bax L. Diagnosis and treatment of renal artery stenosis. (medscape.com)
- Alone or in combination with stent implantation, PTRA is increasingly used as an alternative to surgical revascularization for the treatment of renal artery stenosis (RAS), which may cause HTN or jeopardize renal function. (medscape.com)
Areas of stenosis2
- A person with Takayasu's arteritis generally has several areas of stenosis. (mayoclinic.org)
- This allows accurate documentation of any areas of stenosis as well as the extent of the collateral blood supply. (mhmedical.com)
Bilateral renal artery s1
- Primus C, Auer J. Bilateral renal artery stenosis in a young man. (medscape.com)
Internal caroti4
- Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed the left internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion, the right vertebral artery (VA) occlusion, and the left VA stenosis. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Although different surgical techniques have been reported for repairing kinked stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA), there are no reports using endovascular reconstruction. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- There are no clearly defined management options for kinking stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Carotid artery stenosis ( CAS ) is an atherosclerotic, degenerative disease of the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery . (amboss.com)
Computed tomography an1
- A computed tomography angiography of her head and neck was nonrevealing, as was a magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) of her head. (the-rheumatologist.org)
High-grade stenosis1
- The two principal indications are asymptomatic high-grade stenosis and transient ischemia. (mhmedical.com)
Underwent2
- This study included 993 stroke-free patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) who underwent magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the head and neck as a pre-liver transplant assessment and 6,099 health checkup participants who underwent MRA examination. (e-cmh.org)
- The authors evaluate the extent of carotid wall involvement in nine patients with cavernous sinus meningiomas encasing the ICA who underwent en bloc resection of the cavernous sinus. (elsevierpure.com)
Moderate stenosis2
- A 73-year-old female was referred to our department with fugacious amaurosis and transient sensory disturbance in the left upper limb due to moderate stenosis of the right ICA that was treated by CEA 28 days after admission. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Anterior-posterior (a) view on preoperative carotid angiography showing moderate stenosis of the right ICA. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Unilateral4
- Although flash pulmonary edema has been reported in patients with unilateral renal stenosis, it occurs more commonly in patients with bilateral renal stenosis. (medscape.com)
- Derakhshesh MI, Joye E, Yager N. Unilateral renal artery stenosis causing hypertensive flash pulmonary oedema. (medscape.com)
- All the patients had a unilateral stenosis. (biomedcentral.com)
- management is similar to that of unilateral carotid stenosis. (amboss.com)
Degree of stenosis5
- Carotid duplex ultrasonography is the initial test of choice for evaluating the carotid artery and measuring the degree of stenosis. (amboss.com)
- Management depends on the degree of stenosis and patient factors (e.g., life-expectancy, comorbidities). (amboss.com)
- MRA has a tendency to overestimate the degree of stenosis. (amboss.com)
- The authors found some variability in test performance, mainly due to differences in accuracy on the basis of the degree of stenosis. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Nonetheless, depending on the degree of stenosis, CEMRA provided the most diagnostic information (positive likelihood ratio ranged from 13 to 26 and negative likelihood ratio from 0.04 to 0.24). (unboundmedicine.com)
Ischemic stroke2
- Stenosis of an artery of more than 50% is usually regarded as significant stenosis, which may cause ischemic stroke. (j-nn.org)
- Stroke is a leading cause of functional impairment and death worldwide, and atherosclerotic stenosis of a major cranial artery is one of the most common causes of in situ ischemic stroke, with a substantial risk of recurrent stroke episodes. (e-cmh.org)
Occlusion2
- 3 , 5 ] Cerebral infarctions in patients with GCA are mostly caused by poor blood circulation due to severe stenosis or occlusion of extracranial vessels. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Intimal hyperplasia and subsequent vascular stenosis and occlusion are caused by vascular injury and macrophage-derived growth factors. (rheumatologyadvisor.com)
Angioplasty6
- Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of superficial femoral artery stenosis, performed with a long balloon via a contralateral femoral approach. (medscape.com)
- Although conventional angiography is associated with an increased risk of contrast-induced nephropathy, this complication may be reversible, and the procedure itself might offer the opportunity of an intervention (ie, renal angioplasty and/or stenting) should renal artery stenosis be confirmed. (hypertension.ca)
- Treatment of chronic, progressive stenosis includes angioplasty with stenting or surgical bypass. (msdmanuals.com)
- Thrombosis may occur in a renal artery spontaneously or after trauma, surgery, angiography, or angioplasty. (msdmanuals.com)
- Since its introduction in 1978, percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) has emerged as a highly effective technique for the correction of renal artery stenoses. (medscape.com)
- After application, a re-stenosis developed and in-stent angioplasty was performed, but it was required a nephrectomy because of haemorrhage. (peertechzpublications.com)
Ischemia3
- Renal artery stenosis due to atherosclerotic changes of the renal arteries has become a serious concern as a cause of hypertension and renal ischemia, resulting frequently in end-stage renal failure [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Depending on the extent of stenosis, ischemia in the carotid perfusion territory can result in amaurosis fugax , transient ischemic attack ( TIA ), or stroke . (amboss.com)
- When the symptoms of cerebral ischemia are transient, intermittent, and self-resolving, the results of surgical correction of the area of carotid stenosis are excellent. (mhmedical.com)
Severe4
- If the stenosis is longstanding and severe, the glomerular filtration rate in the affected kidneys never recovers and (prerenal) kidney failure is the result. (wikipedia.org)
- Routine DSA revealed severe kinking stenosis of the right ICA. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Moreover, lowering the BP in presence of severe renal stenosis may lead to ischemic renal atrophy. (medscape.com)
- Carotid revascularization is recommended for severe carotid stenosis and may be considered for moderate carotid stenosis if the periprocedural risks are acceptable. (amboss.com)
Complications1
- Possible complications of renal artery stenosis are chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease. (wikipedia.org)
Asymptomatic3
- Screening for asymptomatic carotid stenosis is controversial. (amboss.com)
- Screening for asymptomatic carotid stenosis is controversial and is detailed in the "Prevention" section below. (amboss.com)
- bed into the left ventricle, from where or intramyocardial, However, when a Most patients with calcification of it could reach any part of the body cyst is located in subendocardial en- the cyst wall remain asymptomatic for through systemic circulation [1-3]. (who.int)
Vessel wall2
- Therefore, we reviewed the data of MRA performed 3 months ago and noted no lesions in the ICA and VA. T1 black-blood post-gadolinium imaging sequence magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed vessel wall enhancement in the bilateral VA, left ICA, and bilateral superficial temporal artery. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Conclusion: These findings suggest that in the case of cavernous sinus meningiomas with encasement and stenosis of the intracavernous ICA, invasion of the vessel wall has occurred. (elsevierpure.com)
Carotid Artery5
- To our knowledge, this is the first report of carotid artery stenting (CAS) for the treatment of kinking stenosis after CEA. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- A 75-year old man with right arm weakness showed multiple scattered small infarct lesions at the left middle cerebral artery territory with mild stenosis of the left carotid artery. (j-nn.org)
- Carotid duplex sonography showed a mobile plaque at the carotid artery, which was not detected by conventional angiography. (j-nn.org)
- Carotid artery stenosis does not typically cause vertigo , lightheadedness , or syncope . (amboss.com)
- Carotid artery stenosis typically occurs within 2 cm of the common carotid artery bifurcation. (amboss.com)
Renal function1
- When high-grade renal artery stenosis is documented and blood pressure cannot be controlled with medication, or if renal function deteriorates, surgery may be resorted to. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnostic3
- 30 mL/min/1.73 m2), the preferred diagnostic test for renal artery stenosis screening should be considered on a case-by-case basis and in consultation with a nephrologist. (hypertension.ca)
- The diagnostic value of non-invasive meth-ods for diagnosing renal artery stenosis in patients with re-nal insufficiency is incompletely known. (medicinelakex1.com)
- Magnetic resonance imaging is a diagnostic imaging modality that is capable of demonstrating a wide variety of soft-tissue lesions with contrast resolution equal or superior to CT scanning in various parts of the body. (cms.gov)
Middle cerebr1
- However, magnetic resonance angiography showed multifocal segmental stenosis of the right middle cerebral artery and bilateral anterior cerebral arteries. (neurology-jp.org)
Hypertension3
- Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is a known cause of hypertension and ischemic nephropathy. (biomedcentral.com)
- Chronic, progressive stenosis causes refractory hypertension and may lead to chronic kidney disease. (msdmanuals.com)
- She had hypertension for 6 years and left renal artery stenosis had been detected 2 years ago. (peertechzpublications.com)
Arteries5
- The most common cause of renal artery stenosis is a blockage in the the arteries due to high cholesterol. (wikidoc.org)
- Renal artery stenosis (RAS) occurs when one or more of the arteries that carry blood to your kidneys become narrow. (vascularinstitute.com)
- Renal artery stenosis is a decrease in blood flow through one or both of the main renal arteries or their branches. (msdmanuals.com)
- Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography of cerebral arteries images of the patient. (j-nn.org)
- Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is an image-based evaluation of the arteries and veins that carry blood to and from the heart, brain, and throughout the body. (sperlingdiagnostic.com)
Preoperative2
- Preoperative carotid angiography. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- In all patients, stenosis of the ICA was confirmed by preoperative angiography and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (elsevierpure.com)
Patients5
- When and How Should We Revascularize Patients With Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis? (medscape.com)
- Association of renal artery stenosis with aortic jet velocity in hypertensive patients with aortic valve sclerosis. (medscape.com)
- Progression of renal artery stenosis in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. (medscape.com)
- In patients without stenosis ( n = 63), SDBG ( r = 0.412, P = 0.001) and MAGE ( r = 0.365, P = 0.005) were both correlated with carotid IMT and these relationships remained significant in multiple linear regression analysis (multiple R 2 = 0.314 for the model including SDBG and multiple R 2 = 0.268 for the model including MAGE). (biomedcentral.com)
- However, SDBG and MAGE were not significantly different among patients with different stenosis degrees. (biomedcentral.com)
Conventional2
- CT angiography (CTA) has been demonstrated to be an accurate and cost-effective alternative to conventional angiography and MR angiography in a variety of clinical settings. (ajnr.org)
- Conventional angiography had revealed 90% and 45% narrowing in left and right renal artery respectively. (peertechzpublications.com)
Imaging18
- Carotid CT angiography (CTA) is a commonly performed imaging study in stroke centers. (medscape.com)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be beneficial because of its high visual detail. (medscape.com)
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. (medlineplus.gov)
- Magnetic resonance imaging indicated a left lateral meniscus tear. (cdc.gov)
- There was significant difference between the three groups as regard volume of infarction in Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (scirp.org)
- If there is concern that you may have renal artery stenosis, your doctor may order magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). (harvard.edu)
- Computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have higher sensitivity in detecting pheochromocytomas than nuclear medicine scanning with iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-MIBG), although 131 I-MIBG uptake is more specific. (medscape.com)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results showed no remarkable abnormal findings, and the doctor took a wait-and-see approach. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Diagnosis is by imaging tests (eg, CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography). (msdmanuals.com)
- These evaluations include cerebral artery angiography by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography, or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). (j-nn.org)
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated an acute left prefrontal gyrus infarct, with noted additional punctate foci of fluid-attenuated inversion recovery intensity within the cerebral white matter bilaterally. (the-rheumatologist.org)
- No ischemic lesions were detected on magnetic resonance imaging. (nagoya-u.ac.jp)
- CMS received a request to delete the national noncoverage of blood flow measurement from the Magnetic Resonance Imaging NCD at 220.2 of the NCD Manual and thus permit local Medicare contractor discretion to cover this use under 220.2(D). The requestor points to an apparent contradiction between this noncoverage provision and the national coverage of magnetic resonance imaging under the Magnetic Resonance Angiography NCD at 220.3 of the NCD Manual. (cms.gov)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important imaging modality in the non-invasive evaluation of cardiovascular diseases because of technological advances that facilitate the rapid acquisition of high-quality images. (ecrjournal.com)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important non-invasive imaging modality in the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases because of advances in scanner hardware, coil technology, parallel-imaging techniques and MRI sequences, all of which facilitate the rapid acquisition of high-quality images. (ecrjournal.com)
- NHS Research and Development Health Technology Assessment Carotid Stenosis Imaging Group. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Correlation of coronary artery bypass surgery-related myonecrosis with grafted vessel calibre: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. (ox.ac.uk)
- Some centres advocate for computed tomography, mag netic resonance imaging and/or cardiac catheterization angiography in these infants. (neocardiolab.com)
CEMRA1
- If CEMRA demonstrates a greater than 70% stenosis, the diagnosis is settled. (unboundmedicine.com)
Stent1
- Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography revealed significant (95%) stenosis in left renal artery stent and over 50% stenosis in right renal artery. (peertechzpublications.com)
Diagnosis1
- medical citation needed] Changes include: Fibrosis Tubular cell size (decrease) Thickening of Bowman capsule Tubulosclerosis Glomerular capillary tuft (atrophy) The diagnosis of renal artery stenosis can use many techniques to determine if the condition is present, a clinical prediction rule is available to guide diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
Cardiac1
- Non-invasive visualization of the morphology of coronary atherosclerotic lesions is performed using computed tomography (CT), computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). (encyclopedia.pub)
Infarction1
- Here, we report a case of embolic infarction without significant stenosis at the proximal artery and a mobile plaque observed by carotid duplex ultrasonography. (j-nn.org)
Vascular1
- Renal artery stenosis (RAS, sometimes also called renal artery disease or kidney stenosis) occurs when the two main vessels that deliver blood to the kidneys become stiff or narrowed due to vascular disease. (diseasesdic.com)
Perfusion1
- [ 2 , 10 ] The current study subjects did not undergo coronary angiography and were categorized as without obstructive CAD due to the absence of segmental PET perfusion defects. (medscape.com)
Congenital heart d1
- Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: Outcomes in Children With Congenital Heart Disease and Prematurity. (neocardiolab.com)
Occurs1
- However, plaque rupture often occurs in non-flow limiting stenoses, and obstructive CAD often has relatively higher MACE rates than non-obstructive CAD, thus raising the possibility that occult obstructive CAD may have contributed to their reported high MACE rate. (medscape.com)
Angiogram1
- Three-dimensional maximal-intensity magnetic resonance angiogram clearly demonstrates a large, hypervascular right adrenal mass. (medscape.com)