Convulsive status epilepticusRefractory status epilepticusMidazolamSeizures including status eValiumPediatric status epilepticusTonic-clonic sIntravenous10mgBenzodiazepineBenzodiazepinesFebrile seizuresRatsDosesEpilepsyNeuronalInsomniaDoseAnxietyDrugsAnticonvulsantVenousInfantsProlongAcuteNeurologicalPhenytoinFindingsAdultsOnsetPatientsTherapeuticLimbicConvulsionDefinitionHumansBioavailabilitySodiumFrequencyActivityEmergencyAutoinjector versusDrugClonazepamHoffmann-La RoDesmethyldiazepamEffectiveMedicationAdministration
Convulsive status epilepticus4
- Intravenous diazepam or lorazepam are first-line treatments for convulsive status epilepticus. (wikipedia.org)
- if used to terminate generalized convulsive status epilepticus, administer up to 15-20 mg/kg. (medscape.com)
- Select appropriate initial, second-, and third-line therapies for convulsive status epilepticus. (medscape.org)
- Use of diazepam in treatment of severe convulsive status epilepticus. (allzone.eu)
Refractory status epilepticus7
- a trend exists in recommendations to use agents other than phenobarbital (propofol, midazolam, other barbiturates) for refractory status epilepticus. (medscape.com)
- Although diazepam was initially chosen for the management of refractory status epilepticus, the longer duration of action of lorazepam and clonazepam may favour the use of these 2 drugs. (nih.gov)
- Used as alternative in termination of refractory status epilepticus. (medscape.com)
- Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) characteristically affects previously healthy children, who experience a sudden and explosive onset of super-refractory status epilepticus preceded by febrile infection and accompanied by fulminant neurogenic inflammation. (annchildneurol.org)
- FIRES, however, can affect individuals of all ages and is a subcategory of new-onset refractory status epilepticus. (annchildneurol.org)
- Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES), a subcategory of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), is a rare and devastating neurological condition with a high incidence of mortality and poor neurocognitive outcomes [ 1 ]. (annchildneurol.org)
- The seizures subsequently increase in frequency and duration, and then progress to refractory status epilepticus (RSE) over 2 to 7 days with minimal response to anti-seizure medications (ASMs). (annchildneurol.org)
Midazolam16
- Although a relationship between the plasma concentration of diazepam, lorazepam and midazolam and their pharmacodynamic effect has been demonstrated in healthy individuals, some caution is warranted as the clinical relevance of these data has not been clearly established. (nih.gov)
- However, the duration of the pharmacological activity of benzodiazepines may be in part related to the affinity of these compounds for the benzodiazepine receptors in the brain: midazolam, clonazepam and lorazepam have higher affinities than diazepam. (nih.gov)
- However, when intravenous administration is not available, rectal administration of a solution is a convenient method for diazepam, midazolam being the only one of these drugs that should be given intramuscularly. (nih.gov)
- According to the route of administration, the efficacy was 28.6 to 100% (intrarectal) and 54 to 100% (intravenous) for diazepam, 82 to 100% (intravenous) for lorazepam, and 79% (intranasal), 93 to 100% (intramuscular) and 100% (intravenous) for midazolam. (nih.gov)
- Diazepam IV is a highly lipid-soluble benzodiazepine with a more prolonged duration of action compared with midazolam. (anesthesiageneral.com)
- Age decreases and smoking increases the clearance of diazepam IV , but neither has a significant effect on midazolam biotransformation. (anesthesiageneral.com)
- Patients given continuous infusions of midazolam or repeated boluses over days should awaken faster than patients given diazepam IV or lorazepam. (anesthesiageneral.com)
- Increasing age tends to reduce the clearance of diazepam significantly and the clearance of midazolam to a lesser degree. (anesthesiageneral.com)
- Midazolam is approximately 3 to 6 times, and lorazepam 5 to 10 times, as potent as diazepam IV . (anesthesiageneral.com)
- Non-intravenous Midazolam Effectively Terminates Pediatric Seizures Key point: A meta-analysis revelas that non-IV midazolam is as effective as or superior to IV or rectal diazepam for stopping seizures in children and young adults. (jucm.com)
- Midazolam versus diazepam for the treatment of status epilepticus in children and young adults: A meta-analysis. (jucm.com)
- BestBets: Buccal Midazolam vs Rectal Diazepam: Which is more effective in the treatment of acute seizures in children in Accident and emergency department.Update. (bestbets.org)
- 61/109) 56% for buccal midazolam and (30/110) 27% for rectal diazepam (% difference 29%, 95% CI 16-41). (bestbets.org)
- Treatment failure occurred in 71/165 (43%) in diazepam group compared with 50/165 (30.3%) in midazolam group (p=0.016). (bestbets.org)
- Suitable for staff or volunteers who are required to administer Diazepam and Midazolam. (tfcscotland.org.uk)
- Based on product type, the market is segmented into diazepam, lorazepam and midazolam. (pharmiweb.com)
Seizures including status e3
- It is used to treat anxiety (including anxiety disorders), trouble sleeping, severe agitation, active seizures including status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (wikipedia.org)
- It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures including status epilepticus, muscle spasms (such as in cases of tetanus), restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal, benzodiazepine withdrawal and Ménière's disease. (selfdecode.com)
- Lorazepam, sold under the brand name Ativan among others, is a benzodiazepine medication.It is used to treat anxiety disorders, trouble sleeping, active seizures including status epilepticus, alcohol withdrawal, and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, as well as for surgery to interfere with memory formation and to sedate those who are being mechanically ventilated. (taj-researchchemicals.com)
Valium7
- Diazepam (a/k/a Valium) is used for treatment if the seizures go into what is called "status epilepticus" or "cluster seizures" which is where the seizure goes on for more than about 5 minutes, or one seizure quickly follows another. (corysstory.com)
- Diazepam, first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche, is a benzodiazepine derivative drug. (selfdecode.com)
- Diazepam , first marketed as Valium , is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that typically produces a calming effect. (everipedia.org)
- Sep 10, - I take Carbamazepine (Tegretol) for my seizures but I still have Yesterday my doctor prescribed Diazepam (Valium) 5 mg for me to take 3. (allzone.eu)
- Can be 1 to 6 weeks: Valium (diazepam) stays in the system a long time in part because its break down products/metabolites do not disappear quickly. (allzone.eu)
- Alcohol use should also be avoided while taking Valium (diazepam). (allzone.eu)
- What other drugs will affect diazepam (Valium)? (allzone.eu)
Pediatric status epilepticus1
- Evidence Central , evidence.unboundmedicine.com/evidence/view/infoPOEMs/428090/all/Lorazepam_and_diazepam_equally_effective_in_treatment_of_pediatric_status_epilepticus. (unboundmedicine.com)
Tonic-clonic s4
- Emergency treatment for prolonged tonic-clonic seizures has long involved early administration of benzodiazepine drugs, for example, diazepam via the rectal route or lorazepam via intravenous route where available. (bestbets.org)
- Unlike simple seizures, which will generally resolve without any intervention and require clinical constraint to avoid overtreatment, status epilepticus (with generalized tonic clonic seizures) is a medical emergency that requires immediate management. (first10em.com)
- Unlike in tonic-clonic seizures (where patients regain a certain amount of consciousness) patients in status epilepticus remain completely unconscious. (rahulgladwin.com)
- It is most commonly used in the treatment of seizures, including tonic-clonic seizures and in status epilepticus. (medscape.com)
Intravenous2
- Lorazepam is more effective than diazepam and intravenous phenytoin in the treatment of status epilepticus and has a lower risk of continuing seizures that might require additional medication. (wikipedia.org)
- However, intravenous lorazepam has advantages over intravenous diazepam, including a higher rate of terminating seizures and a more prolonged anticonvulsant effect. (worldsbest.rehab)
10mg2
- The diazepam 10mg prescription mg simultaneous and independent measurement of penile circumference. (allzone.eu)
- inlarger quantities they order diazepam 10mg tablets. (allzone.eu)
Benzodiazepine3
- Non-selective benzodiazepine (BZ) binding-site full agonists, exemplified by diazepam, act by enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA at GABA(A) receptors containing either an alpha1, -2, -3 or -5 subunit. (hhs.gov)
- Diazepam is the most commonly used benzodiazepine for "tapering" benzodiazepine dependence due to the drug's comparatively long half-life, allowing for more efficient dose reduction. (worldsbest.rehab)
- Has twice the affinity for benzodiazepine receptors than diazepam. (medscape.com)
Benzodiazepines4
- The assessment of the efficacy of benzodiazepines in the management of acute seizures and status epilepticus is mainly based on nonrandomized uncontrolled trials. (nih.gov)
- 1 Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam and lorazepam, are recommended as the first choice anti-epileptic medication to terminate seizure, but unfortunately if SE lasts more than 30-40 minutes, it becomes progressively more refractory to these agents. (j-epilepsy.org)
- Approximate equivalent doses of oral benzodiazepines to diazepam. (sps.nhs.uk)
- Check out other benzodiazepines available including alprazolam powder , flubromazolam powder, flunitrazepam, diazepam powder , etizolam powder , clonazolam powder , etc at our online shop. (taj-researchchemicals.com)
Febrile seizures1
- Diazepam is sometimes used intermittently for the prevention of febrile seizures that may occur in children under five years of age. (worldsbest.rehab)
Rats2
- Diazepam was found to have transient cardiovascular depressor effects in dogs, Long-term experiments in rats revealed no disturbances of endocrine function. (hhs.gov)
- The effects of DMF in preventing the onset of epilepsy and modifying the disease were investigated in the kainic acid-induced status epilepticus model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
Doses3
- However, animals treated with diazepam do have a transient ataxia at higher doses. (hhs.gov)
- Their reduced intrinsic efficacy relative to full agonists such as diazepam resulted in an improved preclinical pharmacological profile in that there was a large window between anxiolytic and sedative doses and their dependence and abuse liabilities were much lower. (hhs.gov)
- respond to 2 doses of rectal diazepam (5 mg). (cdc.gov)
Epilepsy1
- Diazepam is rarely used for the long-term treatment of epilepsy because tolerance to its anticonvulsant effects usually develops within six to twelve months of treatment, effectively rendering it useless for that purpose. (worldsbest.rehab)
Neuronal2
- Here we reveal that TrkB-mediated activation of Akt protects against hippocampal neuronal death in vivo following status epilepticus. (jneurosci.org)
- We demonstrate that administration of DMF following status epilepticus increased Nrf2 activity, attenuated status epilepticus-induced neuronal cell death, and decreased seizure frequency and the total number of seizures compared to vehicle-treated animals. (biomedcentral.com)
Insomnia1
- Diazepam is mainly used to treat anxiety, insomnia, panic attacks and symptoms of acute alcohol withdrawal. (everipedia.org)
Dose2
- This study evaluated the dose proportionality of the diazepam autoinjector and the consequent diazepam bioavailability relative to an equivalent dose of diazepam administered rectally as a commercial gel. (nih.gov)
- Part I of the study (n = 24) evaluated the dose proportionality of three strengths of the diazepam autoinjector (5, 10 and 15 mg) administered into the mid-outer thigh via a deep IM injection. (nih.gov)
Anxiety2
- The status of these and other BZ site compounds with claimed, but often not explicitly stated, GABA(A) subtype selectivity (such as ELB-139 and ocinaplon) will be reviewed in relation to their development as non-sedating anxiolytics for the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder. (hhs.gov)
- It can increase the anxiety and depression a person experiences, and it can interact with certain other drugs including diazepam. (worldsbest.rehab)
Drugs2
- The evidence for these drugs in breastfeeding is based on their longer-term use rather than short-term or intermittent use for status epilepticus. (sps.nhs.uk)
- It is important to remember that interactions do occur with all types of drugs, to a great or lesser extent and this article details the interactions of mixing diazepam and Weed. (worldsbest.rehab)
Anticonvulsant1
- The anticonvulsant effects of diazepam can help in the treatment of seizures due to a drug overdose or chemical toxicity as a result of exposure to sarin, VX, or soman (or other organophosphate poisons), lindane, chloroquine, physostigmine, or pyrethroids. (worldsbest.rehab)
Venous1
- The management of status epilepticus will require venous access. (first10em.com)
Infants1
- This definition of FIRES excludes febrile status epilepticus in infants. (annchildneurol.org)
Prolong2
- Diazepam IV forms two active metabolites, oxazepam and desmethyldiazepam, which add to and prolong the drug's effects. (anesthesiageneral.com)
- Status epilepticus, prolong. (tum300.de)
Acute2
- This would be the status epilepticus syndromes that are associated with acute seizures or an acute encephalopathy. (medscape.org)
- Acute repetitive seizures (ARS) are a debilitating part of episodic seizure activity that can sometimes progress to status epilepticus. (nih.gov)
Neurological2
- Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurological disorder with high prevalence and mortality rates, requiring immediate intervention. (j-epilepsy.org)
- Status epilepticus (SE) is a common neurological emergency characterized by high mortality[ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phenytoin1
- Phenobarbital is usually a second- or third-line agent for these indications (after diazepam or phenytoin), as the onset of drug effects are delayed. (medscape.com)
Findings2
- These findings strengthen the evidence that desirable and undesirable consequences of status epilepticus-induced TrkB activation are mediated by distinct signaling pathways downstream of this receptor. (jneurosci.org)
- What are the findings in status epilepticus? (rahulgladwin.com)
Adults2
- Epidemiology of status epilepticus in adults: Apples, pears, and oranges - A critical review. (salk.at)
- Status Epilepticus in Adults. (sinaiem.org)
Onset2
- Also, licofelone and diazepam 10 mg/kg were administered 30 minutes after onset of SE. (j-epilepsy.org)
- Licofelone could not terminate seizures after onset which was terminated by diazepam. (j-epilepsy.org)
Patients2
- Currently approved treatment that can be administered by non-medical personnel to patients with ARS is a diazepam rectal gel. (nih.gov)
- Almost all patients in status are going to be hot, so infectious causes will come to mind. (first10em.com)
Therapeutic1
- In status epilepticus, important to achieve therapeutic levels as quickly as possible. (medscape.com)
Limbic1
Convulsion1
- 4] If your patient is not moving within 20 minutes of cessation of convulsion suspect status! (sinaiem.org)
Definition1
- It's Time to Revise the Definition of Status Epilepticus. (sinaiem.org)
Humans1
- Both clinical and preclinical evidence implicate an episode of prolonged seizure activity [status epilepticus (SE)] as one cause of TLE in humans. (jneurosci.org)
Bioavailability2
- Part II (n = 24) assessed the relative bioavailability of the diazepam 10 mg autoinjector versus the diazepam 10 mg rectal gel. (nih.gov)
- The geometric mean ratio (diazepam autoinjector/diazepam rectal gel) and 90% confidence intervals for diazepam C(max) and AUC(last) were 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) and 1.14 (1.08, 1.21), respectively, indicating that the overall bioavailability of the diazepam autoinjector was approximately 14% higher than that of diazepam rectal gel. (nih.gov)
Sodium1
- Diazepam IV is dissolved in organic solvents (propylene glycol, sodium benzoate) because it is insoluble in water. (anesthesiageneral.com)
Frequency1
- The high frequency of mutated alleles in Asians in the genes coding for CYP2C19 may explain the reduced hepatic biotransformation of diazepam. (anesthesiageneral.com)
Activity1
- Status epilepticus (SE) is a period of prolonged seizure activity, either continuous or recurrent, that is a potentially life-threatening emergency requiring coordination between multiple medical professionals to stabilize the patient while terminating the seizure. (medscape.com)
Emergency2
- Status epilepticus (SE), a life-threatening emergency condition, is a prolonged self-perpetuating seizure which requires prompt intervention to prevent its injury and mortality. (j-epilepsy.org)
- Status during a tonic clonic (convulsive) seizure is a medical emergency and Emergency Medication using rectal diazepam to treat prolonged seizures. (allzone.eu)
Autoinjector versus1
- A study performed in 24 healthy male subjects comparing the I.M. Injection of 10 mg of diazepam in the mid-anterior/lateral thigh by the autoinjector versus 10 mg I.M. by a syringe (operated manually) indicates that the mean percent availability of the drug from the autoinjector is 100% of that obtained from the syringe. (hhs.gov)
Drug1
- Transrectal drug therapy is generally appropriate only for emergencies when an IV route is not available (eg, use of rectal diazepam for status epilepticus). (msdmanuals.com)
Clonazepam2
- As with all antiseizure medications, clonazepam should be withdrawn gradually to minimize the risk of causing or worsening seizures or status epilepticus. (cureepilepsy.org)
- During the first trimester of pregnancy, several studies suggest the use of minor tranquilizers (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and meprobamate), which are similar to clonazepam, can increase the risk of birth defects. (cureepilepsy.org)
Hoffmann-La Ro1
- Diazepam was patented in 1959 by Hoffmann-La Roche. (everipedia.org)
Desmethyldiazepam2
- Serial blood sampling for plasma diazepam and desmethyldiazepam (metabolite) concentrations, vital signs and adverse event (AE) assessments were performed at prespecified times. (nih.gov)
- In Part II of the study, IM administration via diazepam autoinjector (10 mg) resulted in plasma concentrations of both diazepam and desmethyldiazepam that were slightly higher and less variable than those observed following administration of diazepam rectal gel (10 mg). (nih.gov)
Effective1
- [5] Diazepam is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. (everipedia.org)
Medication1
- Read the Medication Guide provided by your pharmacist before you start taking diazepam and each time you get a refill. (allzone.eu)
Administration1
- Diazepam does not uptake well with IM administration. (freezingblue.com)