• Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is found across Australia, Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya. (mja.com.au)
  • A resurgence occurred in 1986 and 1987, with almost 13,000 cases reported, and it was associated with a lack of state requirements for immunizations. (medscape.com)
  • Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine was available in the United States from 1983 through 1987 on an investigational basis, through travel clinics in collabo- ration with CDC (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Encephalitis, or inflammation of the brain, is a serious clinical syndrome with many infectious, postinfectious, and postimmunization potential causes ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Clusters by season and locality reveal a striking epidemiological overlap between sporadic schizophrenia and multiple sclerosis (MS). As the birth excesses of those individuals who later in life develop schizophrenia mirror the seasonal distribution of Ixodid ticks, a meta analysis has been performed between all neuropsychiatric birth excesses including MS and the epidemiology of spirochaetal infectious diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study describes the epidemiology of encephalitis with data from 13,807 patients hospitalized in California with acute encephalitis from 1990 through 1999. (cdc.gov)
  • The epidemiology of encephalitis in the United States is characterized by the predominance of cases with unknown origin ( 3 - 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Sporadic mumps outbreaks have occurred among susceptible individuals in various settings, including military posts, schools, colleges and universities, and summer camps. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence of encephalitis hospitalizations decreased over this period. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the 1960s, the incidence of WEE and SLE has decreased dramatically, although sporadic cases are still reported ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • In our study, hospital discharge data were used to estimate the incidence of acute encephalitis and to provide a basis for comparison with the number of reported cases of encephalitis. (cdc.gov)
  • Historically, Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses (WEEV and SLEV, respectively) were important causes of encephalitis in California residents, particularly in the Central Valley and southern California ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Healthcare providers and diagnostic laboratories in California are required to report human encephalitis cases to the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) under Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations. (cdc.gov)
  • JE vaccine manufactured by Biken and distributed by Connaught Laboratories, Inc. (Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine, inactivated, JE-VAX), was licensed on December 10, 1992, to meet the needs of increasing numbers of U.S. residents traveling to Asia and to accommodate the needs of the U.S. military. (cdc.gov)
  • Although some arboviral encephalitis cases may have been undiagnosed, such cases probably did not occur frequently. (cdc.gov)
  • Reports of arboviral encephalitis cases are uncommon in southern California, despite evidence of endemic WEEV and SLEV activity in birds and mosquito vectors in that area ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Because this surveillance system is passive, human encephalitis cases may be underreported, even when the cause of encephalitis is identified ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The number of enzootic departments where clinics have seen more than 50 cases per year increased from 6 areas in 1986 to 12 in 2004. (elanco.com)
  • This is the first study to fully assess case exposure with findings suggesting that sporadic cases of BFV in people living further away from the coast do not reflect alternative exposure sites but are likely to result from travel to coastal regions. (who.int)
  • 1 The virus was isolated from mosquitoes in 1974 2 and the first human cases were reported in 1986. (who.int)
  • 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 Both hereditary and sporadic cases have been described. (sajr.org.za)
  • It is transmitted to humans by the mosquito or tick bite and is implicated in some cases of encephalitis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • My neuroAIDS research prior to the era of combination antiretroviral therapy focused on the importance of brain HIV viral load and HIV encephalitis in mediating HIV-associated dementia. (mahidol.ac.th)
  • The role of Coxsackie group B virus infections in sporadic myopericarditis. (medscape.com)
  • Sporadic reports describe human infections with non-Typhi Salmonella that are fully fluoroquinolone resistant. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Encephalitis of unspecified origin was the most common diagnosis, and arboviral encephalitis was the least common. (cdc.gov)
  • However, a diagnosis of arboviral encephalitis was made for few hospitalized patients in these counties during these periods. (cdc.gov)
  • Lassa fe- Lassa virus in many more districts and states in en- ver is endemic in West Africa and has been reported demic countries of the West African sub-region and from Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Nigeria4-7. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Ribavirin (already established as therapy for hepatitis C virus, which is also in the Flaviviridae family) was used in a study of 153 Indian children with JEV encephalitis, but did not indicate any benefit compared with placebo. (mja.com.au)
  • 46 There are numerous reports of immunotherapy for WNV encephalitis in Israel and the United States with WNV-specific intravenous immunoglobulin (Omr-IgG-am, Omrix Biopharmaceuticals, Tel Aviv, Israel) obtained from donors with high titres of WNV antibodies. (mja.com.au)
  • 42 Interferon alfa-2a has also been assessed with a randomised, placebo-controlled study in JEV encephalitis, and failed to show any benefit compared with placebo in 112 Vietnamese children. (mja.com.au)
  • A definite family history was obtained, which ascertained a sporadic form of the disease. (sajr.org.za)
  • Overseas experience with WNV and JEV encephalitis suggests that IgM in serum usually appears 4-9 days after disease onset and can persist for months. (mja.com.au)
  • Sporadic mumps outbreaks have occurred among susceptible individuals in various settings, including military posts, schools, colleges and universities, and summer camps. (medscape.com)
  • These guidelines do not address syndromes of botulism caused by intestinal colonization by botulinum-toxin-producing Clostridia species (i.e., infant botulism and adult colonization botulism), which are inherently sporadic and have not occurred in outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Background: Since 1962, enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been implicated in multiple outbreaks and sporadic cases of respiratory infection worldwide, especially in the USA and Europe with an increasing frequency between 2010 and 2014. (ox.ac.uk)
  • After an absence of 35 years, several autochthonous cases of dengue fever occurred in southern Texas in 1980, 1986, 1995, 1997, 1998 and 1999, associated with imported cases and epidemic dengue in adjacent states in Mexico. (bushdrums.com)
  • The total reported cases ranged from 46 458 in 1986 to 218 859 in 1998. (who.int)
  • Variant CJD is the form associated with bovine spongiform encephalitis and appears to occur only in persons with MM homozygosity at the PrP gene at the codon 129 position. (medscape.com)
  • Sporadic JCD is the most common form of human prion disease, and will be discussed in detail. (thieme-connect.de)
  • sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, where the membrane-anchored prion protein, PrP, is deposited and, finally, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis where TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is implicated. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition, the encephalitis hospitalization rates of districts with differing levels of sylvatic arboviral activity were compared. (cdc.gov)
  • Lassa fe- Lassa virus in many more districts and states in en- ver is endemic in West Africa and has been reported demic countries of the West African sub-region and from Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Nigeria4-7. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
  • Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) NS5 is a viral nonstructural protein that carries both methyltransferase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Encephalitis of unspecified origin was the most common diagnosis, and arboviral encephalitis was the least common. (cdc.gov)
  • Sporadic CJD is a rapidly progressive dementia often accompanied by cerebellar ataxia and myoclonus that occurs in patients with a mean age of onset of about 60 years and progresses to death within an average of 4-5 months. (medscape.com)