• The splenic flexure is mobilized with a combination of lateral dissection off the retroperitoneum and medial division of the lesser sac alongside the distal transverse colon. (sages.org)
  • The superior mesenteric artery affects the distal duodenum, ileum, jejunum and colon (up to the splenic flexure). (medneg.com.au)
  • The splenic flexure is partially supplied by both the SMA and the IMA and is vulnerable to ischemia. (medneg.com.au)
  • The splenic flexure is a watershed between the SMA and IMA and is at particular risk of ischemia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the first step, we mobilized the splenic flexure and left colon to allow for a tension-free colorectal anastomosis low in the pelvis. (jomi.com)
  • It then turns at a right angle (known as the right colic flexure) and travels across the abdominal cavity as the transverse colon. (answers.com)
  • It then bends at a right angle again (known as the left colic flexure) and continues down the left side of the abdomen as the descending colon. (answers.com)
  • The ascending colon extends from the ileocaecal valve to the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver, where it turns medially, forming the hepatic flexure. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • The transverse colon extends from the hepatic flexure to the splenic flexure across the abdomen suspended by the transverse mesocolon. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • The descending colon extends from the splenic flexure to the pelvic brim where it continues as the sigmoid colon. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • The splenic flexure lies higher than the hepatic flexure and is attached to the diaphgram by a fold of peritoneum, the phrenico-colic ligament. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • The lower pole of the spleen and the greater curvature of the stomach with greater omentum attached lie superior to the splenic flexure. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • The arterial supply of the right colon - that is, the caecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure and right third or half of the transverse colon - is derived from the superior mesenteric artery, through its ileocolic, right colic and middle colic branches. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • It is the part of the colon from the cecum to the hepatic flexure (the turn of the colon by the liver). (wikidoc.org)
  • The descending colon is the part of the colon from the splenic flexure to the beginning of the sigmoid colon. (wikidoc.org)
  • The next stage was exposure of the inferior mesenteric vein, identification of embryological layer of the large colon, its exposure in the medialateral direction towards the splenic flexure. (best-in-surgery.com)
  • For safe mobilization of the splenic flexure of the colic colon inframesocolic access was used. (best-in-surgery.com)
  • Preliminary dissection of pancreas was done, opening of omentum sac, after that peritoneum of the left lateral canal was dissected, mobilization of the descending part of the colic colon and the splenic flexure of the colic colon was done. (best-in-surgery.com)
  • The preaortic glands lie in front of the aorta, and may be divided into celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric groups, arranged around the origins of the corresponding arteries. (bartleby.com)
  • These include: left colic vein sigmoid veins superior rectal vein rectosigmoid veins Anatomical variations include the inferior mesenteric vein draining into the confluence of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein and the inferior mesenteric vein draining in the superior mesenteric vein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Note 2:** For Colon and Rectum ONLY, any unnamed nodes that are removed with a colon or rectal resection are presumed to be regional pericolic or perirectal lymph nodes and are included in the EOD Regional Nodes code 300 (pericolic for sites C180 - C189, C199 and perirectal for sites C199 or C209). (cancer.gov)
  • Resection range reached to 5 cm mesorectal below the inferior border of the tumor can acquire adequately cure rate reported in previous studies by this method for the patients of the rectosigmoid junction cancer and upper rectal cancer [2]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The arterial supply of the left colon - that is, the distal one third of the transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon - is derived from the inferior mesenteric artery, through its left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal branches. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • Sigmoid mesocolon, containing superior rectal vessels, has an inverted-V - shaped attachment to the posterior abdominal wall - the tip of the V lying on the pelvic brim over the left ureter. (medscape.com)
  • The surgical technique used depends on the site of disease and the underlying vascular supply of the colon (ileocolic, right colic, middle colic from superior mesenteric artery, and the left colic and superior rectal artery from the inferior mesenteric artery). (wikidot.com)
  • The superior rectal artery is the direct continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery and is the main arterial supply of the rectum. (tandf.co.uk)
  • these unite to form the superior rectal vein, which later becomes the inferior mesenteric vein. (tandf.co.uk)
  • Colon and rectal cancer is one of the most common neoplasms in Western countries with an incidence of 20-34 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. (barnaclinic.com)
  • Colon or rectal cancer is also known as colorectal cancer. (barnaclinic.com)
  • The rectal route has traditionally been used to administer medicaments in the form of suppositories and enemas to the distal gut, although such formulations rarely succeed in spreading beyond the descending colon. (pharmawiki.in)
  • The inferior mesenteric artery is transected at its base, and the specimen is exteriorized via a 4cm periumbilical incision. (sages.org)
  • The cause of the intestinal ischaemia involves damage to the celiac trunk (a major artery), the superior mesenteric artery or the inferior mesenteric artery. (medneg.com.au)
  • Sudeck's critical point at the rectosigmoid junction is described as the point of origin of the last sigmoid arterial branch, originating from the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) [4]. (researchsquare.com)
  • A 70-year-old man has a 90% blockage at the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery. (practicetestgeeks.com)
  • Middle colic artery - passes upwards on the body of the pancreas to reach the transverse mesocolon within which it divides to supply the right two-thirds of the transverse colon. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • The celiac artery originates from the abdominal aorta located just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery, common hepatic artery, and the splenic artery. (bodytomy.com)
  • While the left gastric artery, which is the narrowest branch of the celiac trunk branches upward, the common hepatic artery and the splenic arteries lie to the right and left. (bodytomy.com)
  • Flow between these two systems communicates via a "marginal artery" that runs parallel to the colon for its entire length. (wikidoc.org)
  • Arterial supply of the ascending colon comes from the ileocolic artery and right colic artery , both branches of the SMA. (wikidoc.org)
  • The proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon is perfused by the middle colic artery , a branch of superior mesenteric artery , while the latter third is supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery . (wikidoc.org)
  • rterial supply to the colon comes from branches of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA). (rasoulazizi.com)
  • The proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon is perfused by the middle colic artery, a branch of SMA, while the latter third is supplied by branches of the IMA. (rasoulazizi.com)
  • Of the visceral branches, the celiac artery and the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries are unpaired, while the suprarenals, renals, internal spermatics, and ovarian are paired. (theodora.com)
  • D. The ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic arteries are branches from the inferior mesenteric artery. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
  • From the dorsal aorta, the three dominant vitelline arteries are further refined into the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, and inferior mesenteric artery, which correspond to the three primitive gut regions, respectively. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Further anastomoses exist between the left gastric artery and the short gastric arteries from the splenic artery as well as the left gastroepiploic (sometimes called gastro-omental) artery. (clinicalgate.com)
  • The superior mesenteric artery usually arises anterior to L1 and the inferior mesenteric artery arises anterior to L3. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Transection of the inferior mesenteric artery took place near the origin with Harmonic ("Ethicon") device after preliminary clipping of it by titanic clips. (best-in-surgery.com)
  • In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) is a blood vessel that drains blood from the large intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • It usually terminates when reaching the splenic vein, which goes on to form the portal vein with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). (wikipedia.org)
  • The inferior mesenteric vein merges with the splenic vein, posterior to the middle of the body of the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • The splenic vein then merges with the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tributaries of the inferior mesenteric vein drain the large intestine, sigmoid colon and rectum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inferior mesenteric vein may be damaged during surgery on the body and tail of the pancreas. (wikipedia.org)
  • If a serious laceration occurs, the inferior mesenteric vein may be ligated, as other veins can drain the large intestine. (wikipedia.org)
  • It receives the vasa brevia or short gastric veins, the left gastro-epiploic vein, the pancreatic veins, and the inferior mesenteric vein. (co.ma)
  • The inferior mesenteric vein commences, as the superior hæmorrhoidal vein, in the venous plexus which lies between the muscular and mucous coats of the rectum. (co.ma)
  • Venous drainage usually mirrors colonic arterial supply, with the inferior mesenteric vein draining into the splenic vein , and the superior mesenteric vein joining the splenic vein to form the portal vein that then enters the liver. (wikidoc.org)
  • The arterial supply of the large intestine is from the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • The large intestine develops partly from the midgut (from cecum to distal transverse colon), the hindgut (from distal transverse colon to dentate line in anorectum), and proctodeum (below the dentate line). (medscape.com)
  • The cecum (the widest part of large intestine) leads to the ascending (right) colon, which ascends vertically from right iliac fossa through the right lumbar region into right hypochondrium under the liver. (medscape.com)
  • The large intestine, especially the colon, is covered with numerous omental appendages (appendices epiploicae)-appendages of fat, each containing a vessel of its own from the colonic wall. (medscape.com)
  • The right celiac ganglion (one of the two masses of nerve tissue that supply the stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, kidney, small intestine, and the ascending colon and transverse colon of the large intestine) and the caudate lobe of the liver are on its right side, and the left celiac ganglion lies on its left. (bodytomy.com)
  • In the anatomy of the digestive system , the colon is another name for the large intestine . (wikidoc.org)
  • The sigmoid colon is the part of the large intestine after the descending colon and before the rectum . (wikidoc.org)
  • and, after passing behind the root of the transverse mesocolon, it terminates, behind the neck of the pancreas, by uniting with the splenic vein to form the portal vein. (co.ma)
  • The pancreatic veins issue from the substance of the pancreas, and terminate directly in the splenic vein. (co.ma)
  • The diaphragm, median arcuate ligament, and origins of the inferior phrenic arteries that supply the diaphragm lie above the celiac trunk, whereas the pancreas lies below it. (bodytomy.com)
  • The splenic vein is formed by the union of five or six tributaries which issue from the hilum on the gastric surface of the spleen. (co.ma)
  • they pass backwards towards the spleen, in the gastro-splenic ligament, and terminate either in the trunk of the splenic vein or in one of its main tributaries. (co.ma)
  • At the left extremity of the lower part of the greater curvature of the stomach it enters the gastro-splenic ligament, through which it passes towards the hilum of the spleen, and it terminates in the commencement of the splenic vein. (co.ma)
  • The transverse colon is related anterosuperiorly to the liver, gallbladder, stomach, greater omentum and spleen. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • It then takes a right turn and continues as the horizontally placed transverse colon, which reaches across the epigastrium to the left hypochondrium under the spleen. (medscape.com)
  • Asplenia refers to absence of the spleen thereby leading to deficient splenic function. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Arterial supply to the colon comes from branches of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. (wikidoc.org)
  • Laparoscopic sigmoid resection is indicated for disease of the distal sigmoid or rectum that requires resection, most notably diverticulitis and colorectal cancer. (jomi.com)
  • Here, we perform a sigmoid resection for diverticular disease. (jomi.com)
  • Third, the left colic and inferior mesenteric arteries were ligated, the colonic mesentery was transected with an energy device, and the distal resection margin was stapled intracorporeally. (jomi.com)
  • The treatment of colon cancer is always surgical and the surgery performed must comply with a series of principles to guarantee curative resection, known as adequate oncological resection. (barnaclinic.com)
  • The extent of the resection is determined by the site of the tumor, its vascularization, its lymphatic drainage and the presence or absence of direct extension into adjacent organs, ensuring en bloc resection of the entire area infiltrated by neoplasia. (barnaclinic.com)
  • Numerous papers analyzing the results of prospective series comparing laparoscopic and conventional surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer have shown that laparoscopic resection in the treatment of neoplastic diseases can be performed just as safely as open surgery, guaranteeing oncological resection of the segment of colon to be removed including resection of the blood vessels and excision of the corresponding lymph nodes. (barnaclinic.com)
  • Can laparoscopic surgery guarantee the same oncological resection and tumor staging as conventional surgery in patients with colon neoplasia? (barnaclinic.com)
  • The colon was exteriorized, resection of specimen was done, CDH-29 ("Ethicon") device head was inserted into the proximal part, it was fixed by purse-string suture, using "Vicryl" 2-0 thread, and immersed into the abdominal cavity. (best-in-surgery.com)
  • On the posterior side, the transverse colon is connected to the posterior abdominal wall by a mesentery known as the transverse mesocolon . (wikidoc.org)
  • B. In excising part of the colon containing cancer, the lymphatics should be avoided by dividing the mesentery close to the wall of the colon. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
  • The inferior vena cava passes through it, along with the right phrenic nerve. (pressbooks.network)
  • This helps venous return to the heart by increasing the diameter of the inferior vena cava. (pressbooks.network)
  • The right lateral aortic glands are situated partly in front of the inferior vena cava, near the termination of the renal vein, and partly behind it on the origin of the Psoas major, and on the right crus of the diaphragm. (bartleby.com)
  • the inferior vena cava is in contact with the aorta below. (theodora.com)
  • Posteriorly the sigmoid colon lies on the left ureter and common iliac vessels, superiorly it is covered by coils of small intestine and inferiorly it lies on the bladder in males or the uterus and bladder in females. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • The Epigastric Glands ( lymphoglandulæ epigastricæ ), three or four in number, are placed alongside the lower portion of the inferior epigastric vessels. (bartleby.com)
  • Anteriorly, the omental bursa (a cavity in the abdomen that is formed by the lesser and greater omentum) separates the celiac trunk from the lesser omentum (a layer of peritoneum that joins the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum) to the fissure in the inferior surface of the liver through which all the major blood vessels enter and leave the liver. (bodytomy.com)
  • The procedure commences with lateral-to-medial mobilization of the sigmoid and descending colon, taking care to identify the left ureter. (sages.org)
  • It supplies the ascending colon and anastomoses with the ileocolic and middle colic arteries. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • Any cause of excessive spleno-colic adhesions, splenomegaly, or underlying splenic disease would be a predisposing factor for splenic injury during colonoscopy. (journalmc.org)
  • Proposed mechanisms are traction on the spleno-colic ligament leading to splenic capsule avulsion or direct splenic trauma due to colonoscopic manipulation. (journalmc.org)
  • Excessive spleno-colic adhesions, splenomegaly and other splenic pathology are therefore regarded as predisposing factors. (journalmc.org)
  • Splenic rupture should be considered in all presentations of abdominal pain and hemodynamic instability after colonoscopy, especially with a history of past surgical interventions and therefore potential spleno-colic adhesions. (journalmc.org)
  • Peritoneum covers it anteriorly and on both sides, fixing the ascending colon to the posterior abdominal wall thus forming a paracolic gutter to its right. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • It passes below the arcus lumbocostalis lateralis to the abdomen, and there crosses anterior to the quadratus lumborum, and posterior to the kidney and the adjacent part of the colon. (co.ma)
  • The cecum, which is the proximal blind end (pouch) of the ascending (right) colon, is a blind cul-de-sac below the level of the ileocecal junction that lies in the right iliac fossa. (medscape.com)
  • The cecum and colon have 3 longitudinal muscular bands called tenia and multiple sacculations called haustra. (medscape.com)
  • There are several peritoneal fossae (eg, superior and inferior ileocecal, subcecal, retrocecal) around the cecum, which can be sites of internal herniation of the small bowel. (medscape.com)
  • The colon from cecum to the mid-transverse colon is also known as the right colon. (wikidoc.org)
  • In grazing animals the cecum empties into the spiral colon. (wikidoc.org)
  • A. The cecum has the largest inner diameter of all segments of the colon (13 to 15 cm. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
  • The midgut gives rise to the distal half of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and the right two thirds of the transverse colon. (clinicalgate.com)
  • The peritoneal surfaces of the ascending colon are in contact with loops of small intestine. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • Unlike the small intestine, the colon does not play a major role in absorption of foods and nutrients. (rasoulazizi.com)
  • Because the taenia coli is shorter than the intestine, the colon becomes sacculated between the taenia, forming the haustra. (rasoulazizi.com)
  • Colon having the lower level of luminal & mucosal digestive enzymes as compared with the small intestine reduces the chances of drug degradation. (pharmawiki.in)
  • it occasionally gives off one of the inferior phrenic arteries. (theodora.com)
  • The lateral ventricle follows the dorsal, then caudal expansion of the cerebral vesicle and thereby produces an inferior horn . (ehd.org)
  • Guidelines on the management of cancers of the colon, rectum and anus as published by the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) in 2017. (tandf.co.uk)
  • Finally, an anvil was inserted, and the colon was placed back into the abdomen where a trans-anal, stapled end-to-side Baker-type anastomosis was performed and endoscopically tested for leaks. (jomi.com)
  • C. Despite complete removal of the colon and rectum, transanal fecal flow can be preserved by means of an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. (latestinterviewquestions.com)
  • Right hemicolectomy removes the terminal ileum, caecum, ascending and proximal half of the transverse colon. (wikidot.com)
  • This forms part of the portal venous system and ultimately drains into the splenic vein. (tandf.co.uk)
  • The other two branches are the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. (bodytomy.com)
  • The sigmoid colon is supplied with blood from several branches (usually between 2 and 6) of the sigmoid arteries , a branch of the IMA. (wikidoc.org)
  • The abdominal aorta, and the main branches supplying the colon are also featured and labeled. (nucleusmedicalmedia.com)
  • The sigmoid colon lies in the left iliac region and extends from the pelvic brim to the front of the third sacral segment where it becomes continuous with the rectum. (learnsurgeryonline.com)
  • It then takes a right turn again and descends vertically through the left lumbar region to the left iliac fossa as the descending (left) colon. (medscape.com)
  • The transverse colon is encased in peritoneum , and is therefore mobile (unlike the parts of the colon immediately before and after it). (wikidoc.org)
  • The location of the parts of the colon are either in the abdominal cavity or behind it in the retroperitoneum. (wikidoc.org)
  • Are the short-term post-operative outcomes more favorable in patients undergoing operations for colon neoplasia using laparoscopic surgery techniques? (barnaclinic.com)
  • The ascending colon travels up the right side of the abdomen until it reaches the level of the right kidney. (answers.com)
  • The ascending colon, on the right side of the abdomen, is about 12.5 cm long. (wikidoc.org)
  • CT scan of the abdomen is the test of choice for the evaluation of splenic injury. (journalmc.org)
  • Looking at an inferior view of the thoracoabdominal diaphragm, it is apparent that the central part of the diaphragm is tendinous, while its outer edges are muscular. (pressbooks.network)
  • The walls of the sigmoid colon are muscular, and contract to increase the pressure inside the colon, causing the stool to move into the rectum. (wikidoc.org)
  • Surgery forms the mainstay of treatment for colon cancer except in those patients with widespread metastases and limited life expectancy. (wikidot.com)
  • The transverse colon hangs off the stomach , attached to it by a wide band of tissue called the greater omentum . (wikidoc.org)
  • Then midline minilaparotomy (approx.5 cm) was performed, the latex ring "Dextrus" was placed in the wound for restriction the tissue of the anterior abdominal wall from the colon with tumour. (best-in-surgery.com)
  • The primordial hippocampus dorsal to the choroid fissure follows the same growth pattern lying first in the medial wall of the inferior horn, then in the floor. (ehd.org)