LaminectomyDiskectomyIntervertebral Disc DisplacementDiskectomy, PercutaneousLumbar VertebraeCervical VertebraeSpineDecompression, SurgicalSpinal FusionSpinal Cord CompressionSpondylosisSpinal StenosisRadiculopathyIntervertebral DiscEpidural SpaceDura MaterInternal FixatorsThoracic VertebraeLongitudinal LigamentsMyelographyIntervertebral Disc DegenerationLigamentum FlavumSpinal DiseasesSpinal OsteophytosisSpinal Cord DiseasesSciaticaLumbosacral RegionSacrumSpinal NeoplasmsSpinal CanalHematoma, Epidural, SpinalArachnoiditisDiscitisSpinal Cord NeoplasmsMicrosurgerySpinal Nerve RootsEpidural AbscessForaminotomyCauda EquinaTreatment OutcomeEndoscopyBack PainSpondylolisthesisTotal Disc ReplacementOperating TablesMagnetic Resonance ImagingBone PlatesSurgical Procedures, Minimally InvasiveLow Back PainPostoperative ComplicationsOssification of Posterior Longitudinal LigamentCervical AtlasZygapophyseal JointLordosisIntervertebral Disc ChemolysisFailed Back Surgery SyndromeArthroplastyParaparesisTorsion, MechanicalOssification, HeterotopicKyphosisPain MeasurementNeurosurgical ProceduresRange of Motion, ArticularBone TransplantationSyringomyeliaParaplegiaFollow-Up StudiesRetrospective StudiesCadaverNeurosurgerySpinal Cord InjuriesPolyradiculopathySpinal CordTomography, X-Ray ComputedTissue AdhesionsNeck PainArachnoidSpinal FracturesRecovery of FunctionAtlanto-Axial JointBiomechanical PhenomenaTabes DorsalisMeningoceleArachnoid CystsReoperationDislocationsTuberculosis, SpinalKetonesPain, PostoperativeBlood Loss, SurgicalOdontoid ProcessPseudarthrosisProspective StudiesPiriformis Muscle SyndromeEndoscopesProstheses and ImplantsDisability EvaluationSpinal InjuriesNerve Compression Syndromes