HemorrhageChronic subdural hematomasTraumaInjurySymptoms2022Thoracic or lumbarOutcomesSpontaneous spinalDiagnosisSpineIschaemic strokeAnesthesiaCranialEvacuationSevereCaudaTumorsLumbar spinal sPatientsHygromaAbscessAccumulation of bloodUpper thoracicEmpyemaIntramedullaryCervical spinal cordManagement of spinalNeurosurgicalBlood clotsIncidenceAnticoagulant therapyInjuriesCanalPostoperativeThoracolumbarVeinsSpontaneouslyPerfusionDecompression surgeryDrainageIatrogenicWarfarinOccurAnterior and posteriorSurgicalCord stimulationRadicular artery
Hemorrhage16
- Furthermore, intracranial vasospasm (ICVS) associated with spinal hemorrhage has been very rarely reported. (en-journal.org)
- We suggest that spinal cord evaluation should be considered in patients with headache who have ICVS, although intracranial hemorrhage would not be visible in brain images. (en-journal.org)
- Hemorrhage affecting the spinal cord is rare. (medscape.com)
- Spinal cord hemorrhage can be divided based on etiology, into two types: (1) traumatic and (2) non-traumatic. (medscape.com)
- It can also be divided based on the compartment into which the hemorrhage occurs, namely: (1) intramedullary (including hematomyelia), (2) subarachnoid (SAH), (3) subdural (SDH), and/or (4) epidural (EDH). (medscape.com)
- [ 1 ] Spinal cord hemorrhage is most commonly caused by trauma, vascular malformations, or bleeding diatheses. (medscape.com)
- Spinal cord hemorrhage usually presents as sudden, painful myelopathy, which may reflect the anatomic level of the hemorrhage. (medscape.com)
- The most common cause of spinal cord hemorrhage is traumatic injury. (medscape.com)
- With trauma, shear forces acting upon the spinal cord and surrounding structures may lead to hemorrhage and vascular damage. (medscape.com)
- Hematomyelia is defined as the presence of a well-defined focus of hemorrhage within the spinal cord itself. (medscape.com)
- Summary of intramedullary spinal cord hemorrhage etiologies, with history and associated clues, common imaging findings, and representative management. (medscape.com)
- Subdural hemorrhage Subdural Hemorrhage Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is bleeding into the space between the dural and arachnoid meningeal layers surrounding the brain. (lecturio.com)
- Subdural Hemorrhage ) is bleeding into the space between the dural and arachnoid meningeal layers surrounding the brain Brain The part of central nervous system that is contained within the skull (cranium). (lecturio.com)
- Chronic SDH SDH Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) is bleeding into the space between the dural and arachnoid meningeal layers surrounding the brain. (lecturio.com)
- He won't say what he was being treated for but, the hospital's NSICU said on its website that it provides, "compassionate care for patients who suffered a subarachnoid hemorrhage, acute ischaemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, subdural hematomas, coma, tumors of the brain and spine, severe or prolonged seizures, neuro infections and spinal cord injuries among others. (themindshield.com)
- Often unique radiologic signs can be used to distinguish these types of spinal hemorrhage. (caserepclinradiol.org)
Chronic subdural hematomas2
- These may go unnoticed for many days to weeks and are called chronic subdural hematomas . (medlineplus.gov)
- Chronic subdural hematomas have better outcomes in most cases. (medlineplus.gov)
Trauma10
- Autopsy studies demonstrate the hemorrhagic necrosis of the spinal cord that is caused by trauma. (medscape.com)
- Spinal subdural or epidural hematoma (usually thoracic or lumbar) is rare but may result from back trauma, anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy, or, in patients with bleeding diatheses, lumbar puncture. (msdmanuals.com)
- Cauda equina injury Trauma to the spine may cause injuries involving the spinal cord, vertebrae, or both. (msdmanuals.com)
- Hematoma is suspected in patients with symptoms and signs of acute, nontraumatic spinal cord compression or sudden, unexplained lower extremity paresis, particularly if a possible cause (eg, trauma, bleeding diathesis) is present. (msdmanuals.com)
- Suspect spinal subdural or epidural hematoma in patients with local or radicular back pain and percussion tenderness or sudden, unexplained lower-extremity paresis, particularly if a possible cause (eg, trauma, bleeding diathesis) is present. (msdmanuals.com)
- Other etiologies include trauma, seeding of an existing subdural hematoma , or postoperative infection. (logicalimages.com)
- There may be a history of trauma, a recent spinal procedure and/or the patient may be on anticoagulant therapy. (patient.info)
- A Hematoma is a collection or pooling of blood around blood vessels as a result of trauma or injury to the wall of blood vessel. (differencebetween.net)
- Hematoma is the result of blood cells that pool around the injured blood vessels as a result of trauma while abscess is a result of body's immune response that leads to accumulation of pus, bacteria and debris. (differencebetween.net)
- Hematoma is caused due to trauma or injury, use of medicines like blood thinners, and reduced platelets count while abscess is caused due to compromised immune system due to diabetes, steroid therapy, cancer treatment, and other autoimmune diseases. (differencebetween.net)
Injury17
- During 2005-2014, a total of 28 traumatic brain and spinal cord injury deaths in high school and college football were identified (2.8 deaths per year). (cdc.gov)
- This report updates the incidence and characteristics of deaths caused by traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury ( 4 ) in high school and college football and presents illustrative case descriptions. (cdc.gov)
- Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a common type of head injury which often occurs from the rupture of parasagittal bridging veins located along the cortical surface of the brain. (lievers.net)
- Spinal cord injury epidemiology is changing as preventative interventions reduce injuries in younger individuals, and there is an increased incidence of incomplete injuries in aging populations. (neurosurgery.directory)
- reviewed four registry networks, The NACTN Spinal Cord Injury Registry , The Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems (SCIMS) Database, The Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (RHSCIR), and the European Multi-Center Study about Spinal Cord Injury Study ( EMSCI ). (neurosurgery.directory)
- Spinal Cord Injury, Fact Sheet. (neurosurgery.directory)
- Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. (neurosurgery.directory)
- Incidence and prevalence of spinal cord injury in Canada: a national perspective. (neurosurgery.directory)
- The burden of acute traumatic spinal cord injury among adults in the United States: an update. (neurosurgery.directory)
- Incidence, prevalence and epidemiology of spinal cord injury: what learns a worldwide literature survey? (neurosurgery.directory)
- A subdural hematoma is most often the result of a severe head injury. (medlineplus.gov)
- Subdural hematomas can also occur after a minor head injury. (medlineplus.gov)
- Acute subdural hematomas have high rates of death and brain injury. (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal hematoma is a rare condition but can cause significant spinal injury and resultant morbidity. (caserepclinradiol.org)
- Signal density of the hematoma compared with the brain parenchyma changes over time after injury. (medscape.com)
- There are different types of hematoma depending on the location of injury. (differencebetween.net)
- The identified secondary causes of death included raised ICP, sepsis, primary surgical haemorrhage, seizures, acute kidney injury, malignant hypertension, poor glycaemic control and aggressive blood pressure lowering. (bvsalud.org)
Symptoms8
- After emergent evacuation of the hematoma, patient had immediate resolution of symptoms, and continued to demonstrate dramatic improvement after 1-year follow-up. (longdom.org)
- After hematoma evacuation, her symptoms gradually improved. (en-journal.org)
- Treatments for spinal cord stroke are mainly determined by the symptoms and the causes of the disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Signs and symptoms are related to the portion of spinal cord affected, and appear below the level of lesion. (wikipedia.org)
- While it takes minutes for ischaemic spinal stroke to develop the symptoms, the time could be extended to days and weeks in hemorrhagic spinal stroke. (wikipedia.org)
- Iatrogenic or spontaneous spinal hematomas are rarely seen and present with multiple symptoms that can be difficult to localize. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Medicines that may be used depend on the type of subdural hematoma, how severe the symptoms are, and how much brain damage has occurred. (medlineplus.gov)
- Usually minor and superficial hematomas are presented without any systemic symptoms. (differencebetween.net)
20221
- Frances Guide Qbank to Pass Your Adult-Gerontology Acute Care (AGACNP) Certification Exam Updated 2022. (browsegrades.net)
Thoracic or lumbar1
- Hematomyelia more commonly involves the cervical rather than thoracic or lumbar spinal cord. (medscape.com)
Outcomes1
- AANS 2023 Steroid May Benefit Some With Chronic Subdural Hematoma Outcomes were better with surgery than with dexamethasone in this randomized trial, but results hint that the steroid might provide an alternative to surgery for some patients. (medscape.com)
Spontaneous spinal5
- Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) is very rare. (en-journal.org)
- Diseases in aorta are recognized as a widely seen contributor of spontaneous spinal cord ischaemia, represented by rupturing of thoracic aortic aneurysm, arterial occlusion by aortic intima separated from endothelial wall in aortic dissection, and aortic coarctation. (wikipedia.org)
- Most spontaneous spinal hematomas are multifactorial, and the pathophysiology is varied. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Post-traumatic, iatrogenic or spontaneous spinal hematomas (epidural and/or subdural) are rare and have different pathophysiological causes. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- The incidence of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is about one in one million individuals per year with a male preponderance of 3:1, occurring most commonly between the ages of 42 to 52 years. (ruralneuropractice.com)
Diagnosis5
- Diagnosis of a spinal subdural or epidural hematoma is by MRI or, if MRI is not immediately available, by CT myelography. (msdmanuals.com)
- Rapid diagnosis and management of spinal cord compression are essential to have the highest chances of preventing permanent loss of function. (patient.info)
- Herein, we report two cases of rare idiopathic spontaneous extra-axial hematoma highlighting the role of MRI in the diagnosis. (caserepclinradiol.org)
- Radiologic evaluation is an essential component for the diagnosis of spinal hematomas, which is often a diagnostic dilemma. (caserepclinradiol.org)
- Understanding the imaging anatomy of spinal compartments and imaging characteristics of different stages of spinal compartments is essential for the confident imaging diagnosis of spinal hematomas and to identify the correct location. (caserepclinradiol.org)
Spine7
- Spine MRI showed C7~T6 spinal cord compression due to hyperacute stage of SDH. (en-journal.org)
- Cases of spinal stroke following operations like aortography, spinal anesthesia and lumbar spine surgery are reported. (wikipedia.org)
- Spinal magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large thoracolumbar subdural hematoma with some epidural components in the upper thoracic spine levels. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Here, we present a rare case of a large multicomponent, combined epidural and subdural spinal hematoma extending from the cervical spine to the low thoracic spine that was treated conservatively. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine revealed an epidural hematoma at D 12 - L 1 level. (ruralneuropractice.com)
- When patients have a decreased motor grade, difficulty in voiding urine and neurological abnormalities after lumbar spine surgery, conus medullaris syndrome with a possible occurrence of subdural hygroma should be considered. (bmj.com)
- Spinal subdural hygroma (SSH) refers to excess fluid retention in the subdural space along the spine. (bmj.com)
Ischaemic stroke1
- Temporary paresis in limbs may occur days before the onset of spinal ischaemic stroke, though the relationship remains unclear. (wikipedia.org)
Anesthesia2
- Chronic intracranial subdural hematoma after spinal anesthesia for a cesarean section: a case report. (harvard.edu)
- A 38-year-old woman who had recently undergone epidural spinal anesthesia for a caesarean section 4 days prior presented to the emergency department (ED) of our institute complaining of severe neck and low back pain. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Cranial2
- Infection of the paranasal sinuses is a risk factor for cranial subdural empyema, as the infection can spread to the space by way of emissary veins. (logicalimages.com)
- Although SSH is possible, it is a rare complication of cranial and spinal surgeries. (bmj.com)
Evacuation2
- Prompt evacuation of hematoma is associated with good prognosis. (longdom.org)
- Impact of Frailty on Morbidity and Mortality in Adult Patients Undergoing Surgical Evacuation of Acute Traumatic Subdural Hematoma. (harvard.edu)
Severe5
- Patients with a male gender, younger age, lower body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal insufficiency and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are predisposed to higher risks of severe spinal cord stroke. (wikipedia.org)
- In central spinal cord syndrome, impairment of motor function in the upper body is considerably more severe than that of lower body, which is related to hyperextension of corticospinal tracts and spinocerebellar tract in cervical spinal cord, accompanied by dysfunction in urinary bladder and sensational loss at a varying degree. (wikipedia.org)
- Overview of Spinal Cord Disorders Spinal cord disorders can cause permanent severe neurologic disability. (msdmanuals.com)
- Radiography and MRI findings revealed an L3 spinal compression fracture, severe central canal stenosis and right foraminal stenosis at L3-4, and bilateral pedicle screw loosening at L4 ( figure 1A ). (bmj.com)
- One patient each had mixed subacute/chronic subdural haematoma and severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy. (bvsalud.org)
Cauda6
- To report a rare case of post-operative cauda equina syndrome subsequent to lumbar decompression and reconstruction, and review the relevant anatomical causes of spinal subdural hematoma. (longdom.org)
- We report the presentation of acute SSDH presenting with acute cauda equine, following lumbar decompression and reconstruction in a patient lacking risk factors for this rare complication. (longdom.org)
- On post-operative day four, the patient presented with acute cauda equina syndrome, found to be associated with an acute dorsal lumbar subdural hematoma. (longdom.org)
- Despite its low incidence, SSDH should be considered in the setting of acute cauda equina syndrome, following surgical decompression. (longdom.org)
- It is a specific requirement by the end of the PGY 4 year, that the resident is able to recognize, manage and resolve absolute neurosurgical emergencies, such as epidural/subdural hematomas, ICH, acute hydrocephalus, or perform spinal decompression for cauda equina, all with minimal supervision. (umc.edu)
- 1 3 15 16 17 23 31 ] Clinical symptomatology varies from pain to sensory and/or motor deficits, hemiparesis, Brown-Séquard syndrome, incomplete or complete spinal cord syndrome, as well as cauda equina syndrome. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Tumors2
- Intramedullary spinal cord tumors, both primary CNS and metastatic (especially renal cell carcinoma), can also bleed and lead to hematomyelia. (medscape.com)
- Dr. Knopman has extensive research experience in the area of minimally invasive neurosurgery and has published both articles and book chapters pertaining to the treatment of degenerative spinal disease, brain tumors, and aneurysms utilizing the most innovative, least invasive approaches. (superdoctors.com)
Lumbar spinal s3
- Lumbar laminectomy , represents the standard operative treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis , but this procedure is often combined with fusion surgery. (neurosurgery.directory)
- Decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis without fusion led to a significant and similar reduction of back pain and leg pain in a short-term and a long-term follow-up group. (neurosurgery.directory)
- Unilateral Laminotomy vs. Conventional Laminectomy: Which is Better for Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis? (pakjns.org)
Patients7
- For example, antiplatelet and corticosteroids might be used to reduce the risk of blood clots in ischaemic spinal stroke patients, while rapid surgical decompression is applied to minimize neurological injuries in haemorrhagic spinal stroke patients instead. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients may spend years for rehabilitation after the spinal cord stroke. (wikipedia.org)
- 9) reviewed 158 patients who underwent epidural spinal injections for low-back pain with or without radiculopathy. (neurosurgery.directory)
- acute care - the phase of managing health problems which is conducted in a hospital on patients needing medical attention. (brainline.org)
- Acute myelopathy in patients with cancer can also be caused by irradiation, paraneoplastic necrotising myelitis, ruptured intervertebral disc and meningeal carcinomatosis with spinal cord involvement. (patient.info)
- Spinal cord stimulation for treatment of chronic neuropathic pain in adolescent patients: a single-institution series, systematic review, and individual participant data meta-analysis. (ouhsc.edu)
- Cases of acute liver failure have been reported in patients receiving multiple concomitant medications and with serious underlying medical conditions. (medlibrary.org)
Hygroma1
- However, subdural hygroma occurrence is a very rare complication after revision spinal fusion surgery. (bmj.com)
Abscess4
- Concomitant brain abscess and spinal cord abscess in an immunocompetent teenage male: illustrative case. (ouhsc.edu)
- The Role of Instrumentation in the Surgical Treatment of Spondylodiscitis and Spinal Epidural Abscess: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study. (ouhsc.edu)
- Hematoma is accumulation of blood around the injured blood vessels while an abscess is accumulation of pus and bacteria at the site of infection. (differencebetween.net)
- Hematoma presents as discolored, tender bruise on the surface of skin with no fever and rarely swelling while abscess is a raised, soft mass with center of liquefied pus, debris and bacteria which can be accompanied by fever. (differencebetween.net)
Accumulation of blood2
- A spinal subdural or epidural hematoma is an accumulation of blood in the subdural or epidural space that can mechanically compress the spinal cord. (msdmanuals.com)
- Accumulation of blood in the SUBDURAL SPACE between the DURA MATER and the arachnoidal layer of the MENINGES. (embl.de)
Upper thoracic1
- Blood and, in the upper thoracic spinal dysfunction is to reduce the dose of an antipseudomonal penicillin or erythromycin 600 mg (o) qid or amphotericin b (drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is termed persistent. (surgicalimpex.com)
Empyema5
- Subdural empyema is a collection of pus in the space between the dura and the arachnoid. (logicalimages.com)
- Hematogenous seeding of the space is more likely to result in spinal subdural empyema. (logicalimages.com)
- This location is less common, accounting for less than 5% of subdural empyema. (logicalimages.com)
- Morbidity and mortality in subdural empyema is directly related to delay in therapy. (logicalimages.com)
- SSH must be differentially diagnosed from a subdural haematoma, empyema and lipoma. (bmj.com)
Intramedullary1
- The spinal hematomas can be classified based on the anatomical location as follows: Epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, and intramedullary (spinal cord) hematomas. (caserepclinradiol.org)
Cervical spinal cord1
- T2/short-tau inversion recovery hyperintensities noted in cervical spinal cord, suggestive of cord edema [ Figure 1 ]. (caserepclinradiol.org)
Management of spinal1
- Conservative management of spinal hematomas secondary to induced coagulopathies can be effective. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Neurosurgical1
- Acute spinal cord compression is a neurosurgical emergency. (patient.info)
Blood clots1
- Large hematomas or solid blood clots may need to be removed through a procedure called a craniotomy , which creates a larger opening in the skull. (medlineplus.gov)
Incidence1
- There is paucity of data to estimate the incidence of spinal hematoma, perhaps due to the rarity of this disorder. (ruralneuropractice.com)
Anticoagulant therapy1
- Spinal hematomas, occurring on anticoagulant therapy, are even more uncommon. (ruralneuropractice.com)
Injuries8
- Fatalities resulting from catastrophic brain and spinal cord injuries occur infrequently among high school and college football players. (cdc.gov)
- Implementing enhanced safety measures to prevent fatalities from catastrophic brain and spinal cord injuries among high school and college football players has the potential to reduce the number of these fatalities. (cdc.gov)
- During 2005-2014, a total of 28 deaths (2.8 deaths per year) from traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries occurred among high school (24 deaths) and college football players (four deaths) combined. (cdc.gov)
- The events included in this study were defined as fatal traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries that occurred during a scheduled team activity (game, practice, or conditioning session) and were directly related to football-specific activities (e.g., tackling or being tackled). (cdc.gov)
- Mallory A, Herriott R, Rhule H. Subdural hematoma and aging: crash characteristics and associated injuries. (lievers.net)
- Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCIs) affect up to 500,000 people worldwide each year, and their high morbidity is associated with substantial individual and societal burden and socioeconomic impact 1) 2) . (neurosurgery.directory)
- This type of subdural hematoma is among the deadliest of all head injuries. (medlineplus.gov)
- Spinal injuries often occur with head injuries, so try to keep the person's neck still if you must move them before help arrives. (medlineplus.gov)
Canal2
- This condition primarily occurs over the surface of a CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE, but may develop in the spinal canal (HEMATOMA, SUBDURAL, SPINAL). (embl.de)
- The ageing process can lead to narrowing of the spinal canal due to osteophytes, herniated discs and ligamentum flavum hypertrophy. (patient.info)
Postoperative2
- Spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) is a very rare postoperative complication of surgical decompression. (longdom.org)
- This case report describes a postoperative complication, especially the case of a patient with conus medullaris syndrome with SSH developed proximal to the area of spinal fusion. (bmj.com)
Thoracolumbar1
- 1 ] Most spinal hematomas are located dorsally to the spinal cord in the cervicothoracic and thoracolumbar regions. (ruralneuropractice.com)
Veins3
- Anterior and posterior median spinal veins drain the anterior and posterior regions of the spinal cord, respectively. (medscape.com)
- The pial surface and superficial regions of the spinal cord are drained by radial veins and the coronal venous plexus. (medscape.com)
- With any subdural hematoma, tiny veins between the surface of the brain and its outer covering (the dura) stretch and tear, allowing blood to collect. (medlineplus.gov)
Spontaneously2
- Some subdural hematomas occur without cause (spontaneously). (medlineplus.gov)
- The patient acquired a brief history of two little hematomas in the proper and still left thigh area in the preceding 3?a few months that spontaneously had resolved. (cancercurehere.com)
Perfusion4
- For perfusion, three longitudinal vessels form an anastomotic network that supplies the spinal cord: two posterior spinal arteries, and the anterior spinal artery. (medscape.com)
- The central perfusion region receives blood supply from the anterior spinal artery, which forms the central sulcus artery and courses into the ventral median sulcus and supplies the grey matter of spinal cord. (medscape.com)
- Preventions of the disease include decreasing the risk factors and maintaining enough spinal cord perfusion pressure during and after the operation. (wikipedia.org)
- With decompressive surgery and proactive interventions to improve spinal cord perfusion, early treatment has become more intensive. (neurosurgery.directory)
Decompression surgery1
- Some cases of SSH have been reported following spinal decompression surgery. (bmj.com)
Drainage1
- Treatment of a spinal subdural or epidural hematoma is immediate surgical drainage. (msdmanuals.com)
Iatrogenic2
- Aortic surgeries contribute to many iatrogenic spinal cord ischaemia, although its percentage is much lower than that of spontaneous type. (wikipedia.org)
- Iatrogenic Spinal Deformity Following Spinal Intradural Arachnoid Cyst Fenestration Despite Minimal Access With Laminoplasty and Endoscopy in a Pediatric Patient. (ouhsc.edu)
Warfarin2
- We present a case of a 42-year-old male, an old case of deep vein thrombosis on warfarin and other drugs like quetiapine, aspirin, diclofenac sodium, fenofibrate, atorvastatin, propanolol and citalopram for concurrent illnesses, who presented with widespread mucocutaneous bleeding and epidural spinal hematoma. (ruralneuropractice.com)
- This case highlights the problem of drug interaction on warfarin therapy and also an unusual spontaneous recovery of spinal hematoma. (ruralneuropractice.com)
Occur4
- In infants and young children, a subdural hematoma may occur after child abuse and are commonly seen in a condition called shaken baby syndrome . (medlineplus.gov)
- Seizures often occur at the time the hematoma forms, or up to months or years after treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
- Complete transection of the spinal cord can occur. (patient.info)
- Hemisection of the spinal cord can occur and is known as Brown-Séquard's syndrome. (patient.info)
Anterior and posterior1
- The reduced blood flow to anterior and posterior radicular artery could trigger spinal stroke. (wikipedia.org)
Surgical2
- We present a case report of an acute spinal subdural hematoma, following surgical decompression and fusion. (longdom.org)
- Spinal fusion surgery is the most commonly performed orthopaedic surgical procedure. (bmj.com)
Cord stimulation1
- He also performs spinal cord stimulation and microvascular decompression for chronic pain syndromes and trigeminal neuralgia. (superdoctors.com)
Radicular artery1
- Blood flow to the lower portion of the spinal cord (T8-L3) is supplied by a large radicular artery with somewhat variable positioning, termed the Artery of Adamkiewicz. (medscape.com)