AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena
Hypoglossal NerveHypoglossal Nerve DiseasesHypoglossal Nerve InjuriesTongueCranial Nerve DiseasesSpinal CordPharyngeal MusclesCranial NervesCranial Nerve NeoplasmsLingual NerveTongue DiseasesMotor NeuronsLaryngeal NervesDysarthriaOccipital BoneFacial NerveParalysisImplantable NeurostimulatorsPhrenic NerveWrestlingSpinal Cord InjuriesNerve RegenerationForamen MagnumCranial Nerve InjuriesFasciculationBrain StemMedulla OblongataLaryngeal Nerve InjuriesTuberculosis, SpinalGlossopharyngeal NerveDeglutitionSciatic NerveInhalationRespiratory MechanicsSpinal NervesHorseradish PeroxidaseRespirationSpinal Nerve RootsPeripheral NervesLarynxLaryngoscopyNerve FibersElectric StimulationOptic NerveRats, Sprague-DawleyCadaverElectromyographyInjections, SpinalSpinal Cord DiseasesAnesthesia, SpinalRespiratory CenterMagnetic Resonance ImagingDecerebrate StateNerve Block
VagusCordAbducens nerveMusclesGlossopharyngeal nerveLateralBrachialTrigeminal nerveNeckSensoryPosteriorCranial nerves and their functionsOpticVestibulocochlear nerveFacial nervePhrenicDorsalOculomotorPairs of cranial nervesUnilateralVentralBrainstemRootletsAccessory nervesInternal juguAnsa cervicalisEfferentRamusGanglionInnervationFibresAtrophyPeripheralOlfactory bulbEmergesMedulla oblongataFunction of the NervesRootsForamenInnervateHyoglossus muscleSomaticSkullPalsyLaryngealMotor neuronsInferior alveolarAnteriorCEREBRAL NERVES
Vagus20
  • The hypoglossal nerve, also known as the twelfth cranial nerve, cranial nerve XII, or simply CN XII, is a cranial nerve that innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue except for the palatoglossus, which is innervated by the vagus nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • It then travels close to the vagus nerve and spinal division of the accessory nerve, spirals downwards behind the vagus nerve and passes between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein lying on the carotid sheath. (wikipedia.org)
  • After leaving the skull, the hypoglossal nerve spirals around the vagus nerve and then passes behind the deep belly of the digastric muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arnold's nerve , also known as the auricular branch or mastoid branch , of the vagus nerve (CN X) is a small sensory nerve supplying the skin of the external acoustic meatus. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Arnold's nerve originates from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve and also has a small contribution from the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
  • It is also responsible for the referred otalgia through the vagus nerve (CN X), in the case of laryngeal pathology. (radiopaedia.org)
  • The vagus nerve is generally regarded as representing the fusion of all the branchial nerves behind the glossopharyngeal. (co.ma)
  • While the relation of the nerve to the hinder gill-arches and clefts makes it possible to understand the innervation by the vagus of the heart and lungs, no satisfactory explanation is forthcoming of the passage of the nerve into the abdomen, and its distribution to the stomach and other organs below the diaphragm. (co.ma)
  • The internal ramus (accessory portion) of the nerve consists of efferent fibres for the branchial region, in series with the lateral motor roots of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. (co.ma)
  • The glossopharyngeal, vagus, and spinal accessory nerve leave the skull base via the jugular foramen with the carotid artery and the internal jugular vein. (myneurosurg.com)
  • The glossopharyngeal, vagus, and cranial roots of the spinal accessory nerves arise from the lateral aspect of the medulla in a rostral-caudal sequence and course toward the jugular foramen. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • The ansa cervicalis is a loop of cervical motor nerves and you will find this structure embedded within the carotid fascia that covers the carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve. (mhmedical.com)
  • Lateral (and dorsal) to the olives are the rootlets for cranial nerves IX and X ( glossopharyngeal and vagus , respectively). (wikidoc.org)
  • The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Five nerves have developed from the branchial arch nerves of lower vertebrates:the trigeminal nerve (V), the facialnerve (VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the vagus nerve (X), and the accessory nerve (XI) . (brainkart.com)
  • The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and the vagus nerve (X) emerge dorsal to the olive. (brainkart.com)
  • Supe-rior ganglion of the vagus nerve ( B15 ). (brainkart.com)
  • they run a short course in the nerve and change over to the vagus nerve as internal branch ( B17 ). (brainkart.com)
  • However, the vagus nerve has branches to most of the internal organs and is the part of the autonomic nervous system. (byjus.com)
  • The network of nerves represented on the model includes a combination of cranial nerves and spinal nerves: brachial plexus, phrenic nerve, vagus nerve, accessory nerve (CN XI), and the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). (anatomywarehouse.com)
Cord22
  • The hypoglossal nerve leaves the skull through the hypoglossal canal, which is situated near the large opening for the spinal cord, the foramen magnum. (wikipedia.org)
  • The musculature they supply develops as the hypoglossal cord from the myotomes of the first four pairs of occipital somites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The brain continues to enlarge at a faster rate than the spinal cord. (ehd.org)
  • The spinal cord begins to lag in its ability to keep pace with the increasing length of the vertebral column. (ehd.org)
  • As a result, the caudal end of the spinal cord begins to move cranially in relation to the vertebral column. (ehd.org)
  • Sept. 6, 2022 - A team of authors published a study estimating the budget impact for the National Health Service in England of screening trials for spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain. (neuromodulation.com)
  • Sept. 1, 2022 - The device company Nevro announced positive coverage updates from U.S. healthcare insurance providers concerning the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy with spinal cord stimulation. (neuromodulation.com)
  • Aug. 31, 2022 - Researchers in Sweden used a large population sample from a national registry to analyze changes in sick leave and disability pension in patients from 2006-2017, before and after they were implanted with spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain, compared to a reference group. (neuromodulation.com)
  • Aug. 30, 2022 - A column gives an overview of spinal cord stimulation. (neuromodulation.com)
  • The Neurosurgical Atlas collection presents the nuances of technique for complex cranial and spinal cord operations. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • 2017. Iatrogenic Spinal Cord Injury Resulting From Cervical Spine Surgery. . (cornell.edu)
  • The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. (medscape.com)
  • At the base of the brain is the brainstem, which extends from the upper cervical spinal cord to the diencephalon of the cerebrum. (medscape.com)
  • The brain stem is the lower part of the brain , adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord . (wikidoc.org)
  • The pyramids contain the fibers of the corticospinal tract, or the upper motor neuronal axons as they head inferiorly to synapse on lower motor neuronal cell bodies within the ventral horn of the spinal cord. (wikidoc.org)
  • Spinal Cord to Medulla Transitional Landmark: From a ventral view, there can be seen a decussation of fibers between the two pyramids . (wikidoc.org)
  • This decussation marks the transition from medulla to spinal cord. (wikidoc.org)
  • Superior to the decussation is the medulla and inferior to it is the spinal cord. (wikidoc.org)
  • The neuronal cell bodies of a nerve's axons are in the brain, the spinal cord, or ganglia, but the nerves run only in the peripheral nervous system. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A nerve that conducts impulses toward the brain or spinal cord. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It includes the anatomy of all structures of the central nervous system, which consist of the brain, the spinal cord, and their supporting structures. (proprofs.com)
  • Through what opening in the skull does the spinal cord pass? (freezingblue.com)
Abducens nerve4
  • The abducens nerve is seen coursing from the anterior surface of the pons to the superior orbital fissure. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • These cranial nerves are the abducens nerve , facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve , respectively. (wikidoc.org)
  • the abducens nerve (VI) emerges from the lower border of the pons. (brainkart.com)
  • Damage to the Trochlear nerve might cause inability to move eyeball downwards and damage to abducens nerve might result in diplopia. (byjus.com)
Muscles16
  • The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla as a number of small rootlets, pass through the hypoglossal canal and down through the neck, and eventually passes up again over the tongue muscles it supplies into the tongue. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypoglossal nerve moves forward lateral to the hyoglossus and medial to the stylohyoid muscles and lingual nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypoglossal nerve provides motor control of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue: genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. (wikipedia.org)
  • The main goal of this procedure was to remove, en bloc, all ipsilateral lymphatic structures from the mandible superiorly to the clavicle inferiorly and from the strap muscles to the anterior border of the trapezius. (medscape.com)
  • 2. The well-developed tongue muscles and the hypoglossal nerve. (ehd.org)
  • This is a purely motor nerve supplying two key muscles: the sternacleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle. (myneurosurg.com)
  • Located between the anterior and middle scalene muscles, identify a large nerve plexus, the brachial plexus . (mhmedical.com)
  • Here you will identify the jugular veins, carotid artery, and branches of the cervical nerves that innervate the infrahyoid, or "strap," muscles. (mhmedical.com)
  • The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • C1 spinal nerve fibers leave the epineurial sheath of the hypoglossal nerve as the superior root of the ansa cervicalis to supply infrahyoid muscles. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • Rarely it can present as dangerous progressive bulbar palsy and is a 3 Oct 2017 Introduction · bulbar palsy is lower motor neuron weakness of the muscles innervated by the cranial nerves IX, X and XII, while pseudobulbar Pseudobulbar Palsy, Bulbar Palsy. (netlify.app)
  • The muscles supplied by these nerves are derived from the branchial arch muscles of the foregut. (brainkart.com)
  • Most of the cranial nerves originate in the brain stem and pass through the muscles and sense organs of the head and neck. (byjus.com)
  • The Axis Scientific Human Neck and Throat Model with Muscles, Veins, and Arteries provides a detailed study of the neck and throat musculature, complete with the nerves and vessels that transport blood through the neck. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • Gain a deeper understanding of the muscles of the neck and throat, and how they function in supporting the weight of the head while acting as a channel for nerves and arteries to pass through. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The anterior and posterior triangles feature muscles, nerves, vasculature, and other structures located in their respective regions. (anatomywarehouse.com)
Glossopharyngeal nerve4
Lateral7
  • the close resemblance between its structure and that of the fine-fibre portion of the spinal accessory (Pl. I., Fig. 1) point clearly to its connection with the lateral ganglionated root rather than with posterior roots. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Its efferent fibres are in series with those of the glossopharyngeal above and the accessory nerve below, and belong to the lateral series of His. (co.ma)
  • The posterior cricoarytenoid and lateral crico-arytenoid are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerves and are involved in abdcution (posterior) and adduction (lateral) of the vocal chords. (myneurosurg.com)
  • Landmarks for this dissection are the hyoid bone and the hypoglossal nerve lateral and slightly superior to the hyoid bone. (mhmedical.com)
  • Between the basal pons, cranial nerve 6, 7 and 8 emerge (medial to lateral). (wikidoc.org)
  • from these posterior column cells other fibres arise which cross, in the anterior white commissure, to the opposite side of the spinal medulla and proceed up the spinal medulla to the lateral part of the medulla oblongata. (co.ma)
  • The trigeminal nerve (V) emerges from the lateral part of the pons. (brainkart.com)
Brachial1
Trigeminal nerve2
  • At the level of the midpons, the large trigeminal nerve , CN V, emerges. (wikidoc.org)
  • Through what opening of the skull does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve pass? (freezingblue.com)
Neck9
  • Overview of the Cranial Nerves Twelve pairs of nerves-the cranial nerves-lead directly from the brain to various parts of the head, neck, and trunk. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Posterior to the sternocleidomastoid, emerging collectively at a landmark called Erb's Point, are a collection of sensory nerves for the neck that are part of the cervical plexus. (mhmedical.com)
  • The first seven VERTEBRAE of the SPINAL COLUMN, which correspond to the VERTEBRAE of the NECK. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cranial nerves carry information from the brain to other parts of the body, primarily to the head and neck. (byjus.com)
  • Cranial nerves are concerned with the head, neck, and other facial regions of the body. (byjus.com)
  • In addition to major arteries and veins, this neck and throat model also displays the nerves, glands, and other vessels that support the flow of blood through the chest and into different parts of the body. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The scalene muscle group's relationship to the nerve and vessel networks in the neck create the interscalene block, an anesthetic technique for the shoulder and upper arm. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • The neck and throat model displays major nerves responsible for innervation of the neck, upper limbs, tongue, and respiration. (anatomywarehouse.com)
  • [ 9 , 4 ] In addition to perioperative stroke, serious complications that may develop after CEA include myocardial ischemia and infarction , hemodynamic instability, cranial nerve (CN) injuries, and bleeding resulting in neck hematomas and airway compromise. (medscape.com)
Sensory8
  • You've got somatic and visceral components, they've got motor components and there's some nerves which have special sensory components, so components to do with the special senses, like smell, vision, hearing, balance and taste. (anatomyzone.com)
  • But the lemniscus is not in direct contact with the fasciculus longitudinalis, for a bundle of fibres, the continuation of which has been seen in the anterior funiculus of the medulla spinalis, the fasciculus tectospinalis, separates them, as well as fibres coming from sensory nuclei of the cerebral nerves which are crossing the raphe to join the medial lemniscus (Fig. 495). (co.ma)
  • A sensory branch of the mandibular nerve (CN V3) It passes through the parotid gland en route to the ear, where it innervates skin of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The olfactory nerve (I) consists of the olfactory fibers, the bundledprocesses of sensory cells in the olfactory epithelium which enter the olfactory bulb( B8 ). (brainkart.com)
  • in ontogenetic terms, it represents the remnants of several cervi-cal nerves that have become included in the brain region secondarily and now have only rudimentary sensory roots. (brainkart.com)
  • Some of the cranial nerves are responsible for sensory and motor functions as they contain only sensory fibres and motor fibres. (byjus.com)
  • Others are mixed nerves because they include both sensory and motor fibres. (byjus.com)
  • Only cranial nerves I and II are purely sensory and are responsible for the sense of smell and vision (optic nerve II). (byjus.com)
Posterior9
  • At a point at the level of the angle of the mandible, the hypoglossal nerve emerges from behind the posterior belly of the digastric muscle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Greater and lesser palatine foramina (for palatine nerves and arteries) and posterior nasal spine Vomer 1. (slideshare.net)
  • Identify the spinal accessory nerve posterior to the sternocleidomastoid heading to the trapezius. (mhmedical.com)
  • Note lesser occipital , great auricular , transverse cervical , and supraclavicular nerves of the cervical plexus emerging posterior to the midpoint of sternocleidomastoid at the location called Erb's Point ( Figure 4.1 ). (mhmedical.com)
  • The funiculus posterior, which ends in the cuneate and gracile nuclei, is derived from the posterior roots of the spinal nerves. (co.ma)
  • But it will be remembered that a large proportion of the fibres of the entering posterior nerveroots of the spinal nerves end in connexion with the cells of the posterior column of gray matter of the spinal medulla. (co.ma)
  • The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The hypoglossal nerve descends deep to the posterior digastric muscle. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
  • What opening occurs on the medial, posterior aspect of the temporal bone for blood vessels and nerves? (freezingblue.com)
Cranial nerves and their functions1
Optic4
  • The optic nerve, optic chiasma, and optic tract are then to be looked upon as cerebral commissures, and not as nerves in the ordinary sense. (co.ma)
  • Cranial nerves are considered as a part of the peripheral nervous system, although olfactory and optic nerves are considered to be part of the Central nervous system. (byjus.com)
  • Olfactory and optic nerves emerge from the cerebrum and all other 10 nerves emerge from the brain stem. (byjus.com)
  • The optic nerve II is the agent of vision. (byjus.com)
Vestibulocochlear nerve2
  • The vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) with its vestibular part represents a phylo-genetically old connection to the organ ofbalance already present in lower vertebrates. (brainkart.com)
  • The facialnerve (VII) and the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) leave the medulla oblongata at the cerebellopontine angle. (brainkart.com)
Facial nerve5
  • Each facial colliculus , contrary to their names, do not contain the facial nerve nuclei. (wikidoc.org)
  • Instead, they have facial nerve axons traversing superficial to underlying abducens (CN VI) nuclei. (wikidoc.org)
  • Bulbar paralysis may lead to difficulty in speech and swallowing Facial Palsy is the pressure on the facial nerve causing paralysis Chapter 7 Facial Palsy. (netlify.app)
  • There are multiple etiologies of facial nerve palsy, and Bell's palsy (idiopathic, Bulbar palsy refers to a range of different signs and symptoms linked to av H Bergqvist - Cerebral palsy [MeSH]. (netlify.app)
  • The taste fibers of the facial nerve emerge as an independent nerve, the intermediate nerve ( B14 ). (brainkart.com)
Phrenic2
  • Because another growth/trophic factor that signals via a receptor tyrosine kinase (brain derived neurotrophic factor) elicits a long-lasting facilitation of respiratory motor activity in the phrenic nerve, we tested the hypothesis that VEGFA-165 elicits similar phrenic motor facilitation (pMF). (jneurosci.org)
  • Here, we use phrenic motor facilitation (pMF) as a general term, including pLTF after acute intermittent hypoxia and other forms induced, for example, by spinal administration of receptor agonists. (jneurosci.org)
Dorsal4
  • 5. The dorsal and ventral primary rami of a spinal nerve. (ehd.org)
  • 2021. Effect of Ventral vs Dorsal Spinal Surgery on Patient-Reported Physical Functioning in Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. . (cornell.edu)
  • Identify the dorsal scapular nerve , which arises from C5 ventral ramus, and suprascapular nerve , which branches from the superior trunk. (mhmedical.com)
  • Laterally, the trochlear nerve has emerged after emerging out of the dorsal rostral pons and wrapping around to the anterior. (wikidoc.org)
Oculomotor1
  • Oculomotor nerve helps in the movement of the eye. (byjus.com)
Pairs of cranial nerves2
Unilateral3
  • Other authors reported a rare case of isolated unilateral hypoglossal nerve injury following ipsilateral acupuncture for migraines in a 53-year-old lady. (edzardernst.com)
  • whilst unilateral lesions of the spinal medulla produce only partial hemi-anesthesia. (co.ma)
  • Fazio-Londe disease is a label sometimes applied to a degenerative disease of the motor neurons characterized by progressive bulbar paralysis in 16 Feb 2020 It commonly presents with unilateral or bilateral seventh nerve palsy. (netlify.app)
Ventral1
Brainstem4
  • The hypoglossal nerve arises as a number of small rootlets from the front of the medulla, the bottom part of the brainstem, in the anterolateral sulcus which separates the olive and the pyramid. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hypoglossal nerve emerges as several rootlets (labelled here as number 12) from the olives of the medulla (labelled 13), part of the brainstem. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first two actually emerge from the telencephalon and diencephalon , but the rest of the nerves, nerves 3 to 12, emerge from the brainstem . (anatomyzone.com)
  • The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (unboundmedicine.com)
Rootlets5
Accessory nerves1
  • in particular the greater auricular, lingual, hypoglossal and spinal accessory nerves were preserved to ensure a good functional outcome for the patient. (cambridgemedicine.org)
Internal jugu1
  • One such modification is the preservation of 1 or more nonlymphatic structures (eg, spinal accessory nerve, internal jugular vein [IJV], sternocleidomastoid [SCM] muscle). (medscape.com)
Ansa cervicalis2
  • Part of the cervical spinal nerves that form the ansa cervicalis briefly join hypoglossal nerve before branching to form the superior root of the ansa cervicalis. (mhmedical.com)
  • The ansa cervicalis is a nerve loop formed by the superior root of the cervical plexus. (proprofs.com)
Efferent3
  • The hypoglossal nerve is of a general somatic efferent (GSE) type. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nerves with axons that conduct electrochemical impulses toward the central nervous system (CNS) are afferent, nerves with axons that conduct impulses away from the CNS are efferent, and nerves with both afferent and efferent axons are mixed. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The rest of the cranial nerves contain both afferent and efferent fibres and are therefore referred to as the mixed cranial nerves. (byjus.com)
Ramus4
  • After emerging from the hypoglossal canal, the hypoglossal nerve gives off a meningeal branch and picks up a branch from the anterior ramus of C1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Section of the white ramus communicans (A) of the 11th spinal (3rd thoracic) nerve. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Near it is a section of a small grey ramus communicans (B) belonging to the same spinal nerve. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Part of a section through the ramus communicans of the 26th spinal (3rd lumbar) nerve. (ox.ac.uk)
Ganglion3
  • A section through the external nostrils, premaxillary palate, larynx and C-3 spinal ganglion. (ehd.org)
  • The ganglion nodosum has possible connexions with epibranchial sense-organs-the rest of the nerve representing the fused branchial nerves of fishes. (co.ma)
  • The fossa contains the maxillary nerve, the sphenopalatine ganglion, and the terminal part of the internal maxillary artery. (medmuv.com)
Innervation1
  • The hypoglossal nucleus interacts with the reticular formation, involved in the control of several reflexive or automatic motions, and several corticonuclear originating fibers supply innervation aiding in unconscious movements relating to speech and articulation. (wikipedia.org)
Fibres4
  • I., Fig. 2, or the anterior root of the 1st or other cervical nerve, shows how striking is the difference in size between even the largest fibres of the hypoglossal and those of its neighbouring motor nerves. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the anterior roots of the cervical nerves we find upon section of osmic preparations nerve fibres of varying sizes, see Pl. I. Fig. 3, most of which are of large calibre, varying from 14.4 µ to 19 µ , or larger. (ox.ac.uk)
  • neither in the size nor arrangement of its largest nerve fibres but in the one fact that it contains something new, something which is wanting in the anterior roots of the preceding nerves, viz. (ox.ac.uk)
  • bundles of finest medullated nerve fibres [note: 'Reissner (Op. cit. (ox.ac.uk)
Atrophy3
  • Disorders of the 12th cranial nerve (hypoglossal nerve) cause weakness or wasting (atrophy) of the tongue on the affected side. (msdmanuals.com)
  • but the additional finding of a hypoglossal nerve palsy with atrophy of Namn. (netlify.app)
  • Muscular Gaze palsy, familial horizontal, with progressive scoliosis, 1, 607313 (3) Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy of Kennedy, 313200 (3), Spinal muscular bukshees bukshi bukshis bulb bulbar bulbed bulbel bulbels bulbiferous bulbil palstave palstaves palsy palsying palsylike palter paltered palterer palterers Functional paralysis. (netlify.app)
Peripheral2
  • All 12 pairs are a part of the peripheral nervous system, except cranial nerve number 2, which actually emerges from, which is kind of like an extension of the brain, so it's not technically a peripheral nerve. (anatomyzone.com)
  • Effects of chondroitinase ABC on intrathecal and peripheral nerve tissue. (lu.se)
Olfactory bulb3
  • The primordial piriform cortex at the surface is close to the primordial olfactory bulb where the olfactory nerves enter. (ehd.org)
  • You can see this projection along the base of the brain, so this is called the olfactory bulb, and the olfactory nerves, synapse on to this olfactory bulb. (anatomyzone.com)
  • I've just switched over to this model, and you can see these little nerves, coming up to synapse on to the olfactory bulb. (anatomyzone.com)
Emerges1
  • At the rostral pons, the occulomotor nerve emerges at the midline. (wikidoc.org)
Medulla oblongata1
Function of the Nerves1
  • CSlide: W.H. Gaskell, 'On the Structure, Distribution and Function of the Nerves which innervate the Visceral and Vascular Systems', Journal of Physiology 7 (1) (1886), pp. 1-80. (ox.ac.uk)
Roots4
  • The nerve is first visible as a series of roots in the fourth week of development, which have formed a single nerve and link to the tongue by the fifth week. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Pl. I. Figs. 1, 2, I give an accurate representation of one of the medullary roots and of the large fibred portion of the [spinal accessory] nerve. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In Pl. I., Fig. 4, I give a section of one of the roots of the hypoglossal nerve. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thecervical roots of the accessory nerve (XI) unite to form the spinal root ( B16 ). (brainkart.com)
Foramen1
  • Portions of the sphenoid bone remain that demonstrate the apex of the orbits and associated contents, the greater wings containing the temporal lobes, the foramen rotundum for the maxillary nerve, and pterygoid (Vidian) canal for the pterygoid (Vidian) nerve. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Innervate2
  • the inferior alveolar nerves innervate the lower teeth and gingivae. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (unboundmedicine.com)
Hyoglossus muscle1
Somatic2
Skull1
  • The nerve passes through the subarachnoid space and pierces the dura mater near the hypoglossal canal, an opening in the occipital bone of the skull. (wikipedia.org)
Palsy4
  • Hypoglossal Nerve Palsy After Cervical Spine Surgery. (cornell.edu)
  • Out of the 12 cranial nerves that are present 5 cranial nerves which control movement get affected in Bulbar Palsy. (netlify.app)
  • Bulbar Palsy Definition Bulbar palsy or the progressive bulbar palsy is a condition wherein the motor neurons or the nerve cells responsible for movement are affected. (netlify.app)
  • This is in contrast to bulbar palsy, which is a lower motor neuron syndrome involving the lowermost Bulbar palsy refers to a range of different signs and symptoms linked to impairment of function of the cranial nerves IX, X, XI, XII, which occurs due to a lower Abstract. (netlify.app)
Laryngeal2
  • The superior laryngeal nerve is looked upon as the branchial nerve of the fourth, and the recurrent nerve as the branchial nerve of the fifth arch. (co.ma)
  • Proximally, the superior thyroid gives rise to the superior laryngeal artery, which passes through the thyrohyoid membrane in company with the internal laryngeal nerve. (neurosurgicalatlas.com)
Motor neurons1
  • Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA-165) is primarily known for its role in angiogenesis, it also plays important neurotrophic and neuroprotective roles for spinal motor neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Inferior alveolar2
  • Sensation was intact in the inferior alveolar dental nerve region. (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (unboundmedicine.com)
Anterior3
  • Part of a section through the anterior root of the 1st cervical nerve. (ox.ac.uk)
  • the anterior root of the 10th nerve (2nd thoracic) is however markedly different. (ox.ac.uk)
  • the anterior root of the 10th nerve differs from that of the 9th nerve (see Figs. 7, 6, Pl. II. (ox.ac.uk)
CEREBRAL NERVES2
  • refer to the cerebral nerves, and the structures with which they may be embryologically associated. (co.ma)
  • in the series of cerebral nerves. (co.ma)