• However, physicians usually begin treating GERD by prescribing long-acting prescription-strength medications which reduce the production of stomach acid, or help the stomach empty faster and may tighten the lower esophageal sphincter (LES, the muscle at the end of the esophagus, above the stomach, which is often weaker in GERD patients). (nyp.org)
  • During this procedure, the weakened lower esophageal sphincter is supported by wrapping the top portion of the stomach around the lower esophagus as a bolster. (nyp.org)
  • An esophageal ring can be found anywhere along the esophagus, but it usually is found in the distal esophagus. (medscape.com)
  • Several names have been coined for when multiple rings are found in the esophagus, including multiple esophageal rings or webs, congenital esophageal stenosis, ringed esophagus, corrugated esophagus, and feline esophagus. (medscape.com)
  • Multiple esophageal rings found throughout the entire esophagus. (medscape.com)
  • In 1944, Templeton first described the esophageal ring as a weblike membranous ring in the lower esophagus. (medscape.com)
  • Consequently, SSc patients may be complicated by erosive esophagitis and eventually by Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Esophageal manometry tests the function of the esophagus by evaluating peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. (medscape.com)
  • Impedance monitoring evaluates esophageal motility and function through assessment of directional bolus transit within the esophagus. (medscape.com)
  • Гастроезофагеальна рефлюксна хвороба (ГЕРХ) Incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter allows reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, causing burning pain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Tests may use a transnasal continuous reflux-monitoring catheter or a wireless pH-monitoring device that is endoscopically attached to the distal esophagus. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The two sensors allow for simultaneous measurement of the pH level in the distal esophagus and in the stomach. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The strength of contraction, consistency of contractility, and the 2-cm to 4-cm length of this muscular sphincter are critical to the prevention of reflux of acid and bile from the stomach into the distal esophagus. (sls.org)
  • 18,20 Acid exposure in the distal esophagus is affected by the motility of the esophageal body and by the effectiveness of gastric emptying and the resultant effects on esophageal clearing. (sls.org)
  • Type I is the typical sliding hiatal hernia wherein the GE junction slides upward through the esophageal hiatus, maintaining a relatively normal relationship of esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, and stomach. (sls.org)
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is one of the upper gastrointestinal chronic diseases in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the long term, and when not treated, complications such as esophagitis, esophageal stricture, and Barrett's esophagus may arise. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acid reflux is due to poor closure of the lower esophageal sphincter, which is at the junction between the stomach and the esophagus. (wikipedia.org)
  • GERD may lead to Barrett's esophagus, a type of intestinal metaplasia, which is in turn a precursor condition for esophageal cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Almost half of those patients do not experience any typical heartburn symptom but still, the gastric juice coming up the esophagus and going in the lungs is damaging. (organ-transplants.net)
  • The surgeon will wrap the gastric fundus (top part of the stomach) around the esophagus in order to reinforce the esophageal sphincter. (organ-transplants.net)
  • However, after gastric sleeve surgery , the LES may become weakened or relaxed, allowing acid to flow back into the esophagus and causing acid reflux symptoms. (bariatricvitamins.org)
  • Normally, this muscular valve, or sphincter, functions to keep food and stomach acid from moving upward from the stomach to the esophagus and larynx. (medicinenet.com)
  • The backward movement of stomach contents (gastric contents) up into the esophagus is called gastroesophageal reflux. (medicinenet.com)
  • It occurs when a valve located at the end of the esophagus, known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is unable to close when food passes through it. (differencebetween.net)
  • The GI Motility laboratory offers state-of-the-art diagnostic testing of the upper and lower GI tract, such as high-resolution esophageal manometry, pH-impedance monitoring, wireless Bravo pH testing, electrogastrography (EGG), endoFLIP distensibility testing of esophagus and pylorus, antroduodenal manometry, anorectal manometry/compliance and hydrogen breath test for SIBO and carbohydrate malabsorption. (iu.edu)
  • Using this tunnel, an incision (called myotomy) in the muscle of the lower esophagus enlarges the muscular opening (called a sphincter) for liquids and foods to pass easily into the stomach. (iu.edu)
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common condition caused by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. (symptoma.com)
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease-related complications include erosive esophagitis, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma [2]. (symptoma.com)
  • GERD or gastroesophageal reflux disease is the result of a weak muscle within the esophagus, called the lower esophageal sphincter, which acts as a reflux barrier within the body. (drleggett.com)
  • Severe cases of GERD can lead to esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, strictures, and esophageal cancer. (drleggett.com)
  • This procedure can minimize the risk of developing esophageal cancer if a patient has Barrett's esophagus due to GERD. (drleggett.com)
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is primarily caused due to the failure of the Lower Esophageal sphincter valve, thus allowing a part of the acidic stomach contents to travel back to the esophagus, creating all the issues stated above. (livgastro.in)
  • A test to monitor the amount of acid in your esophagus - Ambulatory acid (pH) probe tests use a device to measure acid for 24 hours. (livgastro.in)
  • One type of monitor is a thin, flexible tube (catheter) that's threaded through your nose into your esophagus. (livgastro.in)
  • Esophageal motility testing (manometry) measures movement and pressure in the esophagus. (livgastro.in)
  • This loss is usually due to decreased LES resistance with reflux of acidic gastric contents into the esophagus. (letstalkmed.com)
  • will lead to irritation of the esophageal mucosa and respiratory epithelium and may end up with complications (esophagitis, stricture, Barrett's esophagus, and risk of aspiration). (letstalkmed.com)
  • When you lie down flat, it becomes easier for gastric secretions to flow back into the esophagus, leading to acid reflux. (atlanticcitynews.net)
  • Smoking weakens the LES, allowing gastric acids to flow back into the esophagus more easily. (atlanticcitynews.net)
  • The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) acts as a valve, allowing food to enter the stomach while preventing stomach acid from flowing back up into the esophagus. (atlanticcitynews.net)
  • Pertinent findings include absence of propulsive peristalsis in the body of the esophagus (note simultaneous contractions), elevated resting lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, and the absence of LES relaxation. (medscape.com)
  • A thin tube containing a pH probe is positioned 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease refers to reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus leading to oesophagitis, reflux symptoms sufficient to impair quality of life, or long-term complications. (nih.gov)
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a condition whereby gastric contents from the stomach leaks up into the oesophagus . (teachmesurgery.com)
  • In this article, we shall look at the risk factors, clinical features and management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • The main symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is chest pain . (teachmesurgery.com)
  • Although pH testing is considered the criterion standard for diagnosis of GERD, routine use may be of only marginal benefit. (medscape.com)
  • In the section on personalization of disease management, the authors note that ambulatory reflux monitoring and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy can be used to guide management of GERD. (medscape.com)
  • In contrast, erosive findings during upper GI endoscopy and/or AET more than 4% across at least 1 day of wireless pH monitoring suggests a GERD diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • Long-term untreated GERD in adults can result in permanent esophageal damage. (hepgastroclinic.com)
  • According to Blair Jobe, M.D., professor of surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Pitt School of Medicine, many end-stage lung disease patients, especially cystic fibrosis and pulmonary fibrosis patients, have what they call gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). (organ-transplants.net)
  • One common issue that patients may experience after gastric sleeve surgery is acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (bariatricvitamins.org)
  • When it causes symptoms or esophageal inflammation it is referred to as gastroesophageal reflux disease (or GERD ). (medicinenet.com)
  • Gastritis is the inflammation of the mucosal lining of the stomach while GERD is a condition that causes acid reflux and inflammation of the esophageal lining. (differencebetween.net)
  • There is no functional abnormality involved in gastritis while GERD is accompanied by a weakened Lower Esophageal Sphincter which allows the stomach acid to go back from the stomach. (differencebetween.net)
  • Finally, some people can have symptoms of GERD and LPR in which they have LERD, laryngopharyngeal esophageal reflux disease. (fixyourgut.com)
  • 8-12 The etiological effector of GERD is excessive retrograde movement of acid-containing gastric secretion or a combination of acid and bile containing secretions from the stomach and the duodenum into the oesophagus. (aipmed.org)
  • Frequent (functional) transient lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation or mechanical (hypotensive LES) problem of the LES which results from different combinations of the identified etiological factors is the main cause of GERD. (aipmed.org)
  • 14 Symptoms analyses method of diagnosis is a pragmatic approach to diagnosing GERD since it eliminates the use of costly diagnostic procedures such as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and 24-hour gastric pH-monitoring are not required in most patients who present with the typical symptoms of GERD. (aipmed.org)
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a clinical condition in which gastric reflux causes symptoms or damage to the esophageal mucosa. (bvsalud.org)
  • These require a different approach from that of GERD or NERD, as the symptoms are not due to pathological exposure to gastric acid. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other symptoms of GERD include: Increase in saliva Chest pain Chronic dry coughing Nausea Bad breath Hoarseness Laryngitis When acid reflux enters the throat beyond the upper esophageal sphincter, it can cause a sore throat and lead to hoarseness . (symptoma.com)
  • Upper gastrointestinal series to find problems related to GERD, such as hiatal hernias, oesophageal strictures, and ulcers. (parkwayeast.com.sg)
  • There is a vast amount of controversy regarding the symptoms of GERD and their correlation with previous bariatric surgery, and the anatomical situation of the esophageal hiatus. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Acid reflux, also known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to close properly. (tinykitchendivas.com)
  • An esophageal ring is defined as a concentric, smooth, thin (3-5 mm) extension of normal esophageal tissue consisting of three anatomic layers of mucosa, submucosa, and muscle. (medscape.com)
  • Ingelfinger and Kramer reported six cases of esophageal rings, and examination of one of these rings following esophageal resection revealed a circle of hypertrophied muscle underlying normal esophageal mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • The repeated refluxed acidic gastric contents (or rarely alkaline bile) result in inflammation to the oesophageal mucosa . (teachmesurgery.com)
  • No correlations were observed between the diameter of oesophago-gastric junction after POEM and symptoms relief, GORD incidence and lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. (unicatt.it)
  • while only four cases (7.1%) of morphea had esophageal symptoms all of which were mild in severity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this article, we delve into the connection between gastric sleeve and acid reflux, explore its causes, symptoms, and complications, and provide practical strategies for managing and alleviating this condition. (bariatricvitamins.org)
  • It is crucial to identify the symptoms of acid reflux after gastric sleeve surgery to seek timely medical intervention and prevent further complications. (bariatricvitamins.org)
  • Understanding these factors can help individuals make lifestyle modifications and adopt strategies to minimize acid reflux symptoms after gastric sleeve surgery . (bariatricvitamins.org)
  • Fortunately, several strategies can effectively manage and alleviate acid reflux symptoms after gastric sleeve surgery . (bariatricvitamins.org)
  • pH monitoring studies assess various criteria such as the amount of time acid is present in the oesophagus and the correlation between the presence of acid and the patient's symptoms. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is more prevalent in patients with CF, and it may exacerbate the respiratory status of the patient with CF. Pathologic reflux (ie, endoscopic and histologic esophagitis) is present in more than 50% of patients with CF. Most CF patients have an abnormal quantity of reflux as defined by pH probe, and it has been reported with prominent respiratory symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • Effects of rikkunshito on the clinical symptoms and esophageal acid exposure in children with symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. (ajtcam.ir)
  • Heartburn and regurgitation are due to reflux of gastric juice across an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES), whereas dysphagia may result from esophageal peptic stricture or disturbed esophageal peristalsis [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Esophageal peristalsis can also be qualitatively assessed. (medscape.com)
  • Achalasia is a primary esophageal motility disorder characterized by the absence of esophageal peristalsis and impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in response to swallowing. (medscape.com)
  • In between these two bands, it can be noted that there is no panesophageal pressurization and no peristalsis in the esophageal body. (medscape.com)
  • Ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring also seems to be insensitive despite high specificity. (nih.gov)
  • Ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring documented abnormal reflux in 33 cases (80.5%) of SSc and no such abnormality in morphea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Either 24-hour ambulatory esophageal pH-metry or the 48-hour wireless esophageal pH-monitor probe can be used. (medscape.com)
  • Ambulatory pH monitoring can be done when the patient is on or off proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Faculty experts treat swallowing disorders, eosinophilic esophagitis, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia and gastroparesis, gastric electrical stimulation for gastroparesis, small bowel motility disorder, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), constipation and fecal incontinence. (iu.edu)
  • The gastric and gallbladder emptying time was reduced after long term acid inhibition by omeprazole in the treatment of reflux esophagitis combined with concomitant reduction of postprandial release of pancreatic polypeptides and normal serum VIP and CCK. (wjgnet.com)
  • Physicians should offer endoscopy with prolonged wireless reflux monitoring in the absence of PPI therapy (ideally after 2-4 weeks of withdrawal) to confirm that long-term PPI therapy is needed. (medscape.com)
  • When upper GI endoscopy reveals no erosive findings and esophageal acid exposure time (AET) is less than 4% throughout all days of prolonged wireless pH monitoring, the physician can conclude that the patient has no pathologic gastroesophageal reflux and is likely to have a functional esophageal disorder. (medscape.com)
  • For patients with functional heartburn or reflux disease linked to esophageal hypervigilance, reflux sensitivity, or behavioral disorders, options include pharmacologic neuromodulation, hypnotherapy provided by a behavioral therapist, cognitive behavioral therapy, and diaphragmatic breathing and relaxation. (medscape.com)
  • If, in addition to not presenting esophageal lesions, they have a physiological exposure to gastric acid, they suffer from esophageal hypersensitivity or functional heartburn, which are functional disorders. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim was to calculate the frequency of esophageal hypersensitivity and functional heartburn in patients with suspected NERD. (bvsalud.org)
  • The frequency for functional disorders was 86.15%, being 46.9% for functional heartburn and 39.2% for esophageal hypersensitivity. (bvsalud.org)
  • For some people it's not so much the acids in the stomach, but the reflux of other stuff in gastric juices - like bile - that trigger heartburn , he says. (healthygutclub.net)
  • POEM is a minimally invasive procedure performed under general anesthesia to help treat swallowing disorders such achalasia and diffuse esophageal spasm. (iu.edu)
  • Endoscopic treatment for iatrogenic achalasia post-laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. (tfsie.org)
  • A successful antireflux operation must therefore return the gastroesophageal junction into the abdomen, reconstruct the crural support at the hiatus, and reproduce a competent lower esophageal sphincter immediately proximal to the gastroesophageal junction. (sls.org)
  • The presence of a hiatus hernia can increase these reflux episodes, due to disruption to the oesophageal sphincter. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • A hiatal (or hiatus) hernia is the abnormal protrusion of any abdominal structure/organ, most often a portion of the stomach , into the thoracic cavity through a lax diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus . (amboss.com)
  • Protrusion of any abdominal structure/organ into the thorax through a lax diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus . (amboss.com)
  • The GEJ and a portion of the gastric fundus prolapse through the hiatus. (amboss.com)
  • Predisposing factors lead to laxity of the esophageal hiatus , e.g. (amboss.com)
  • The lower oesophageal sphincter controls the passage of contents from the oesophagus to the stomach. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • As part of its normal function, episodic sphincter relaxation is expected, yet in patients with GORD these episodes become more frequent and allow the reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus (Fig. 1). (teachmesurgery.com)
  • The monitor will measure how acidic your oesophagus is and record the results electronically. (antoniosathanasiou.co.uk)
  • This is a test that measures the function of the lower oesophageal sphincter and the motor function of the oesophagus. (antoniosathanasiou.co.uk)
  • Oesophageal pH and impedance monitoring , which measures the amount of acid in the oesophagus while you go about your normal routine. (parkwayeast.com.sg)
  • When monitoring is done while the patient is on PPI therapy, the adequacy of gastric acid suppression and the presence of esophageal acid exposure in patients who have been referred for testing because PPI therapy failed can be determined. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Esophageal acid exposure is defined by the percentage of the total recording time that the pH is 4.0. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Stress, respiration and distal esophageal acid exposure may all contribute to elevated UES pressure. (uiowa.edu)
  • With more than 2,000 people with symptomatic reflux disease, it has been proved that 13% of changes in esophageal acid exposure are attributable to changes in BMI. (livgastro.in)
  • Salvia miltiorrhiza induces tonic contraction of the lower esophageal sphincter in rats via activation of extracellular Ca2+ influx. (ajtcam.ir)
  • Recently, an esophageal manometric study was conducted in asymptomatic esophageal diabetic patients that showed the following abnormalities: Diminution of resting LES pressure and amplitude of contraction of the lower segment of the esophageal body, increase of tertiary and segmental contractions and frequent double peak and multi peak contractions[ 3 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • 24hr pH monitoring is the gold standard for diagnosis of GORD (see below). (teachmesurgery.com)
  • First, most reflux episodes in CF occur during transient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxations. (medscape.com)
  • An atlas of esophageal motility was published at the end of 1994 in which more than 160 typical manometric graphs were selected from a total of 2500 graphs of various esophageal motility disorders and the perioperative period, which is useful and practical for clinicians[ 1 ]. (wjgnet.com)
  • Clinical outcomes five years after POEM for treatment of primary esophageal motility disorders. (tfsie.org)
  • Hiatal hernias have a multifactorial effect upon the function of the lower esophageal sphincter due to intrathoracic repositioning of the sphincter. (sls.org)
  • Sliding hiatal hernias , where the gastroesophageal junction ( GEJ ) and the gastric cardia migrate into the thorax, account for 95% of hiatal hernias . (amboss.com)
  • In paraesophageal hernias (PEH), only the gastric fundus herniates into the thorax, whereas in mixed hiatal hernias , the GEJ as well as the gastric fundus herniate. (amboss.com)
  • Patients with PEH or mixed hiatal hernias typically present with intermittent dysphagia , substernal discomfort, or abdominal pain , and in rare cases present acutely with gastric volvulus and strangulation. (amboss.com)
  • History of esophageal stricture with persistent dysphagia. (letstalkmed.com)
  • Hirano et al described a unique manometric pattern of peristaltic, high-amplitude, long-duration, and multiple peaked esophageal contractions in three men with A rings. (medscape.com)
  • In this scenario, it is necessary to perform an esophageal pH-impedance measurement, a procedure that allows to determine whether exposure to gastric acid is pathological. (bvsalud.org)
  • This review attempts to provide a practical update on esophageal rings and webs and to discuss their definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care. (medscape.com)
  • The gastric electrical stimulator (GES) is a device used for gastroparesis that delivers electrical pulses to the stomach muscles and stimulates the vagus nerve signals to the brain. (iu.edu)
  • A surgeon cuts the muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter allowing food and liquids to pass to the stomach. (drleggett.com)
  • These transient relaxations are increased during distension of the gastric fundus, a feature that can predispose these patients to reflux especially when receiving large supplemental bolus feeds. (medscape.com)
  • Part of the gastric fundus herniates into the thorax. (amboss.com)
  • Transient relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter is believed to be the primary mechanism of the disease although the underlying cause remains uncertain. (nih.gov)
  • Acid reflux is defined as moving of stomach acid backwards towards the mouth, usually because of weakened valve, lower esophageal sphincter that prevents the backwards flow. (differencebetween.net)
  • Preoperative mean basal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was 42.1 mmHg (±17.6). (unicatt.it)
  • The negative intrathoracic pressure associated with inspiration reduces the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. (sls.org)
  • Furthermore, there is evidence that caffeine can decrease the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure. (wokelark.com)
  • delayed gastric emptying and increased intra-abdominal pressure. (letstalkmed.com)
  • This is because all of the above puts extra pressure on your lower esophageal sphincter, which make it more likely stomach contents, will push through and youll experience reflux. (healthygutclub.net)
  • This gas increases the pressure in the stomach, causing the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) to malfunction. (thehealthyskeptic.org)
  • [ 1 ] Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and relaxation are regulated by excitatory (eg, acetylcholine, substance P) and inhibitory (eg, nitric oxide, vasoactive intestinal peptide) neurotransmitters. (medscape.com)
  • The terminology, pathogenesis, and treatment of these esophageal lesions remain controversial. (medscape.com)
  • Without treatment, precancerous lesions might develop into esophageal cancer. (hepgastroclinic.com)
  • Globus syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires the absence of structural, histopathological (mucosal), or esophageal motility abnormalities. (uiowa.edu)
  • If left unmanaged, acid reflux after gastric sleeve surgery can lead to complications. (bariatricvitamins.org)
  • The endoluminal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) system) uses impedance planimetry for the real-time measurement of the diameter of the oesophago-gastric junction. (unicatt.it)
  • The pathogenesis and treatment of esophageal rings and webs are evolving. (medscape.com)
  • While the esophageal involvement is frequent in SSc, no such motility disorder is seen in morphea. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scleroderma and systematic sclerosis may cause esophageal dysmotility. (livgastro.in)
  • Additional sensors along the more proximal regions of the pH probe allow identification of proximal reflux episodes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Rarely, reflux laryngitis may be a risk factor for developing esophageal cancers . (medicinenet.com)
  • The length and diameter of the neosphincter must provide a competent barrier to gastroesophageal reflux but allow unimpeded esophageal clearing, and must remain in place, intact, and below the diaphragm. (sls.org)
  • The Role of Novel Functional Probes in the Evaluation and Treatment of Esophageal Disease. (tfsie.org)
  • Studies have shown that Manomet inhibits both daytime and nocturnal basal gastric acid secretion. (sdrugs.com)
  • Blood concentrations remain above that required to provide 80% inhibition of basal gastric acid secretion for 4 to 5 hours following a dose of 300 mg. (sdrugs.com)
  • Endoscopic resection of giant fibrovascular esophageal polyps. (tfsie.org)
  • The result is a hypertensive nonrelaxed esophageal sphincter. (medscape.com)
  • Objectives The aim of the review was to assess the effectiveness of anti-reflux therapy for patients with hoarseness, in the absence of other identifiable causes, whether or not a definitive diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal and gastro-oesophageal reflux has been made. (fliphtml5.com)
  • Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials recruiting patients with hoarseness in the absence of other identifiable causes, such as malignancy, cord palsy or nodules, whether or not a definitive diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal and gastro-oesophageal reflux has been made. (fliphtml5.com)
  • Authors' conclusions There is a need for high quality randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-reflux therapy for patients with hoarseness which may be due to laryngopharyngeal and gastro-oesophageal reflux. (fliphtml5.com)
  • Endoscopic sewing and radiofrequency may be used to tighten the sphincter muscle. (parkwayeast.com.sg)
  • Clinical outcomes were compared with the diameter of the oesophago-gastric junction after POEM. (unicatt.it)
  • Bariatric Vitamins & Nutrition: Your Guide to Supplements Following Bariatric Surgery or Gastric Bypass. (bariatricvitamins.org)