Spermatogenesis homologous chromosomes. Medical search. Frequent questions

FKBP6 is essential for homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis during spermatogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Recombination and separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in pachytene spermatocytes during meiosis I and results in the formation of secondary spermatocytes. (jci.org)
In meiosis I, the number of chromosomes is reduced by half thus called reduction division. (kegrat.online)
Reduction division - at the end of meiosis, each cell contains only half of original complement of chromosomes. (freezingblue.com)
Plays a key role in chromosome recombination and chromosome structure development during meiosis. (affbiotech.com)
During early meiosis, telomeres play the distinctive function of anchoring chromosomes to the inner nuclear membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
DMC1 is a necessary meiotic specific protein for homologous chromosome pairing and recombinant repair during meiosis. (nefu.edu.cn)
I'm talking about genes, DNA, genetic recombination and all that we know about meiosis and mitosis, spermatogenesis and oogenesis, genomics and epigenetics, mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, mRNA, proteins and the like, none of which I'm particularly knowledgeable about - but surely even what I know about it all would make Darwin's head explode. (ussromantics.com)
PAR1 has a crucial role in ensuring proper segregation of sex chromosomes during male meiosis, exposing it to extreme recombination and mutation processes. (biomedcentral.com)
These differentiate synchronously to spermatocytes (SpC) that replicate their chromosomes and enter meiosis. (biomedcentral.com)
In humans meiotic chromosome segregation errors increase with maternal age (reviewed in Hassold and Hunt 2001 Approximately 80% of these segregation errors occur during meiosis I and 20% result from meiosis II non-disjunction (Sherman et al. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
2005 Studies on chromosome 21 non-disjunction show that only 6-10% of all trisomy 21 cases are due to errors in spermatogenesis but meiosis I and meiosis II errors contribute equally to these male germline non-disjunction events (Sherman et al 2005 Additionally there is also evidence to suggest that sperm quality decreases with age (Malaspina et al. (cancer-ecosystem.com)
Cohesion between sister chromatids is essential for proper chromosome disjunction and homologous recombination in the mitotic cycle and in meiosis ( Nasmyth, 2001 ). (rupress.org)
Usually the extra X is result of chromosome nondisjunction in male or female meiosis [18]. (biobender.com)
It has been shown that germ cells with an extra Y chromosome from men with the 47 XYY karyotype have abnormal meiotic pairing suggesting disrupted meiosis eventual sperm apoptosis and subsequent oligozoospermia and infertility [15 16 Structural chromosomal abnormalities (SCAs) include deletions duplications translocations (balanced imbalanced and Robertsonian) and inversions. (biobender.com)

Also needed for efficient completion of homologous synapsis by influencing crossover distribution along the chromosomes affecting both crossovers and non-crossovers pathways. (affbiotech.com)

Chromosomes condense by supercoiling during mitosis. (ivy-way.com)

Which of the following statements about oogenesis and spermatogenesis is correct? (pearson.com)

How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes are possible in the gametes produced by a cell with three pairs of chromosomes? (homeworkclinic.com)

Moreover, RNA-seq results indicated that 46 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in meiotic cell cycle, synaptonemal complex assembly and spermatogenesis were upregulated in the hemicastration group, while 197 DEGs were downregulated, which were related to arachidonic acid metabolism. (animbiosci.org)

Histology evaluation: Arrest of spermatogenesis predominantly at pachytene stage of meiotic prophase or meiotic division stage (see 1), some germ cells appear apoptotic (see 2). (jax.org)
Histology evaluation: Arrest of spermatogenesis during late pachytene stage of meiotic prophase (see 1), some seminiferous tubules have only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells present (see 1), some germ cells appear apoptotic (see 2). (jax.org)
Histology evaluation: Arrest of spermatogenesis during pachytene stage of meiotic prophase, some tubules are greatly depleted of germ cells (see 1). (jax.org)
In meiotic prophase, the sister chromatids of each chromosome develop a common axial element (AE) that is integrated into the synaptonemal complex (SC). (rupress.org)

Spermatogenesis in adult mammals is highly organized, with the goal being continual sperm production. (jci.org)
All mutations were mapped to a chromosome region and all were archived as cryopreserved sperm from heterozygous males. (jax.org)
Rarely infertile men with normal karyotype have chromosome aberrations in sperm [16]. (biobender.com)
Although the sperm of Klinefelter men usually have a normal 23 X or 23 Y haploid genome an increased rate of autosomal and sex chromosome aneuploidies was reported in KS men's offspring [19]. (biobender.com)

Five deletions arose from nonallelic homologous recombination between palindromes P5 and P1 and 2 between P4 and P1. (medscape.com)
testicular histology shows complete germ cell loss and degeneration of seminiferous tubules [15 17 The AZFa deletion is a result of nonallelic homologous. (biobender.com)

The haploid no. of chromosomes of male and female gamete fuse in a process of fertilization, giving rise to diploid no. of chromosomes in the fused fertile cell called zygote, which is a precursor to the embryo (offspring). (crackcbse.in)

The authors deliberately induced a single DSB in one of the homologous chromosomes in a diploid yeast strain and achieved homologous recombination-based "loss of heterozygosity" events within 20 kb of the target site. (life-science-alliance.org)

Integrative analysis revealed that proteasome 26S subunit ATPase 3 interacting protein gene, which encodes a protein crucial for homologous recombination in spermatocytes, exhibited promoter hypomethylation and higher expression level in hemicastrated mice. (animbiosci.org)

In metaphase I, SMC1β, SMC3, SCP2, and SCP3 disappeared from the chromosome arms and accumulated around the centromeres, where they stayed until anaphase II. (rupress.org)
In striking contrast, REC8 persisted along the chromosome arms until anaphase I and near the centromeres until anaphase II. (rupress.org)
[5] In animal cells, chromosomes reach their highest compaction level in anaphase during chromosome segregation . (wikipedia.org)

In particular, HEG gene drive could be particularly effective if activity was restricted to the male germline to target genes required for female fertility/viability or engineered to destroy the X-chromosome by cutting at multiple X-specific sites [5] , [6] . (plos.org)
Characterization of genes expressed early in mouse spermatogenesis, isolated from a subtractive cDNA library. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Exclusion of two candidate genes, Spnb-2 and Dcd, for the wobbler spinal muscular atrophy gene on proximal mouse chromosome 11. (uni-bielefeld.de)

Once cells possess inserted the meiotic plan they go Stattic through pre-meiotic DNA replication which is certainly accompanied by two rounds of chromosome segregation. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

This is a cell during metaphase I. For each pair of chromosomes, any gamete produced by this cell could contain either the maternal chromosome or the paternal chromosome. (homeworkclinic.com)
First, imagine this is the situation in metaphase I. All three maternal chromosomes are attached to the spindle nearer to the lower pole while the three paternal chromosomes are attached to the spindle nearer to the upper pole. (homeworkclinic.com)
Here is a second possible arrangement of the chromosomes at metaphase. (homeworkclinic.com)
Chromosomes are normally visible under a light microscope only during the metaphase of cell division (where all chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell in their condensed form). (wikipedia.org)
During metaphase the X-shaped structure is called a metaphase chromosome, which is highly condensed and thus easiest to distinguish and study. (wikipedia.org)

4. Telophase - chromosomes reach poles of cell. (freezingblue.com)

From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
Despite recent evidence for Y chromosome introgression from humans into Neanderthals, we find that the Neanderthal PAR1 retained similarity to the Denisovan sequence. (biomedcentral.com)

Also required for development of higher-order chromosome structures and is needed for synaptonemal-complex formation. (affbiotech.com)

In mammals, this process relies on the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR) that generates crossover recombination events (COs) [ 1 ]. (nature.com)

The enhancer is not only able to activate transcription of the Scr promoter that is 35 kb distant but can also activate transcription of the Scr promoter on the homologous chromosome. (nih.gov)

Recent studies indicate that CRISPR-induced DNA cuts may also result in the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosome arms. (life-science-alliance.org)

Each gamete will contain either all paternal chromosomes (type 1) or all maternal chromosomes (type 2). (homeworkclinic.com)
Four chromosome arrangements times two gamete types per arrangement equals eight types of gametes. (homeworkclinic.com)

Here, we show that in Drosophila , the detected Cas9-mediated editing events frequently resulted in germline-transmitted exchange of chromosome arms-often without indels. (life-science-alliance.org)
Contrary to expectations, a fragment containing the entire region between the TBPH gene and the bgcn translational start drove strong HEG expression only during late spermatogenesis rather than in the germline stem cells and spermatogonia as expected. (plos.org)

Some use the term chromosome in a wider sense, to refer to the individualized portions of chromatin in cells, either visible or not under light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)

Collapsed forks can be rescued by homologous recombination, which restarts replication. (elifesciences.org)
Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates at multiple origin sites along each chromosome and terminates when replication forks (RFs) from adjacent origins converge. (elifesciences.org)

Diagram showing the reduction in number of the chromosomes in the process of maturation of the ovum . (wikipedia.org)
Rad51b c.92delT/c.92delT mice exhibited meiotic DNA repair defects due to RAD51 and HSF2BP/BMRE1 accumulation in the chromosome axes leading to a reduction in the number of crossovers. (nature.com)

Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)

When a HEG is integrated into its recognition sequence in the genome, its protein product acts to cleave its cognate site on the homologous chromosome and gene conversion or homologous recombination can result in a new copy of the HEG being inserted. (plos.org)
Recent progress in genome assembly of the sex chromosomes and the availability of population genomic datasets have now made it possible to study divergence and diversity processes of this important region in detail. (biomedcentral.com)

Y-chromosome microdeletions are also occasionally identified as a cause of SCO syndrome. (medscape.com)

Trisomy of chromosome 18 is found in. (ilmkidunya.com)

A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
The resulting recombinase-coated ssDNA filaments can invade the homologous chromosome dsDNA, searching for a complementary sequence (chromosome pairing), which will foster genetic material exchange. (nature.com)

Walter Sutton (left) and Theodor Boveri (right) independently developed the chromosome theory of inheritance in 1902. (wikipedia.org)
In his famous textbook The Cell in Development and Heredity , Wilson linked together the independent work of Boveri and Sutton (both around 1902) by naming the chromosome theory of inheritance the Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory (the names are sometimes reversed). (wikipedia.org)

Increased germ cell defects have been reported for chromosomes 21 22 X and Y [15 16 Klinefelter syndrome (KS karyotype 47 XXY) is the most common chromosomal aberration detected in up to 14% of infertile patients with azoospermia [17]. (biobender.com)

These effects on testicular function have also been demonstrated: unilateral orchiectomy restored spermatogenesis in nonrelapsing testicular cancer cases after 1 year, even in patients exhibiting oligospermia or azoospermia [ 3 ]. (animbiosci.org)
[ 6 ] Massive deletions in the azoospermia factor (AZF) region of the Y chromosome, specifically in AZFb/b+c, have been found in men with SCO syndrome. (medscape.com)

Gametes of type 3 are produced by the three upper chromosomes in the cell diagram. (homeworkclinic.com)
Gametes of type 4 are produced by the three lower chromosomes in the cell diagram. (homeworkclinic.com)

Aided by the rediscovery at the start of the 1900s of Gregor Mendel 's earlier work, Boveri was able to point out the connection between the rules of inheritance and the behaviour of the chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)

The most prominent function of the telomeres is to protect chromosome ends against degradation and fusion, which, in turn, requires maintenance of telomere DNA to a critical length that allows assembly of end-capping structures. (ox.ac.uk)
Otto Bütschli was the first scientist to recognize the structures now known as chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)

Any given chromosome arrangement produces two types of gametes because there are two sets of homologous chromosomes migrating in opposite directions. (homeworkclinic.com)

the three paternal chromosomes will migrate in one direction while the three maternal chromosomes will migrate in the other direction. (homeworkclinic.com)
Homologous pair number 1 has aligned itself so that the maternal chromosome is closer to the upper pole while the paternal chromosome is closer to the lower pole. (homeworkclinic.com)
Type 3 gametes have maternal chromosome 1 and paternal chromosomes 2 and 3. (homeworkclinic.com)
the maternal chromosome 3 is inherited with paternal chromosomes 1 and 2. (homeworkclinic.com)
In a fourth arrangement, maternal chromosomes 1 and 3 are inherited with paternal chromo-some 2, while paternal chromosomes 1 and 3 are inherited with maternal chromosome 2. (homeworkclinic.com)

One version of childhood acute myeloid leukemia is the result of a cryptictranslocation with the breakpoints occurring within nuclear receptor-binding Su-var, enhancer ofzeste, and trithorax domain protein 1 on chromosome 5 and nucleoporin, 98-kd on chromosome11. (cancer-ecosystem.com)

Wilhelm Roux suggested that each chromosome carries a different genetic configuration , and Boveri was able to test and confirm this hypothesis. (wikipedia.org)

In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
Taniguchi and colleagues reported that while hOvol1 and hOvol2 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the testes of patients capable of spermatogenesis, they were not detected in those with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. (medscape.com)
Each daughter cell has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. (kegrat.online)
A process of chromosome organization that is involved in a meiotic cell cycle. (mcw.edu)

Unequal separation of chromosomes is called. (ilmkidunya.com)

A study investigating the PRPS2 protein found that PRPS2 expression was significantly greater in patients with SCO syndrome than in those with normal spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)
3. Wan L,Han J H,Liu T,et al.Scaffolding protein SPIDR/KIAA0146 connects the Bloom syndrome helicase with homologous recombination repair[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2013,110(26):10646-10651. (nefu.edu.cn)
Breast Cancer Type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) is a tumor-suppressor protein reported to be involved in double-strand break repair, homologous recombination and S-phase checkpoint activation. (thermofisher.com)

The four chromosome arrangements result in 8 types of gametes because each arrangement produces 2 types of gametes. (homeworkclinic.com)
The chromosomes are randomly assorted into gametes and all 8 types are equally likely to occur. (homeworkclinic.com)

a An overview of the first stages of spermatogenesis in Drosophila. (biomedcentral.com)

He suggested to introduce the term chromosomics being equal to cytogenomics to bring the three-dimensional morphologically of chromosomes into the focus of research, as this is essential for gene regulation. (frontiersin.org)

Die beiden Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC)-Untereinheiten bilden zusammen mit einer Untereinheit aus der Familie der Kleisine eine dreigliedrige Ringstruktur aus, welche DNA-Stränge topologisch umschließen und dadurch intrachromosomale Verknüpfungen und Schlaufen stabilisieren kann. (uni-bayreuth.de)

Here especially highlighted variations of FISH are molecular combing, chromosome orientation-FISH (CO-FISH), telomere-FISH, parental origin determination FISH (POD-FISH), FISH to resolve the nuclear architecture, multicolor-FISH (mFISH) approaches, among other applied in chromoanagenesis studies, Comet-FISH, and CRISPR-mediated FISH-applications. (frontiersin.org)

[1] [2] These chromosomes display a complex three-dimensional structure, which plays a significant role in transcriptional regulation . (wikipedia.org)

Subsequently, as a consequence of the nuclear membrane polarization, telomeres cluster together into a bouquet configuration, which facilitates pairing and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. (ox.ac.uk)

Anatomy77

Organisms14

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes143

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Meiosis15

Synapsis1

Mitosis1

Oogenesis1

Pairs of chromosomes1

Involved in meiotic cell cycle1

Prophase4

Sperm4

Nonallelic homologous2

Haploid1

Diploid1

Spermatocytes1

Anaphase3

Genes3

Segregation1

Metaphase5

Telophase1

Humans2

Synaptonemal complex1

Crossover1

Promoter1

Exchange of genetic1

Gamete2

Germline2

Chromatin1

Replication2

Reduction2

Spermatogonia1

Genome2

Microdeletions1

Trisomy1

Genetic material2

19022

Chromosomal1

Azoospermia2

Diagram2

Inheritance1

Structures2

Opposite1

Maternal5

Enhancer1

Boveri1

Cell4

Separation1

Protein3

Gametes2

Stages1

Gene regulation1

Structural1

Molecular1

Role1

Nuclear1