Spermatocytes sertoli cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

We induced high fat diet (HFD) obesity in low-density lipoprotein receptor knock-out Leiden (Ldlr −/− .Leiden) mice, and studied the morphological structure of the testes and histologically examined the proportion of Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids in the seminiferous tubules. (nature.com)
HFD-induced obesity caused high plasma leptin and abnormal testosterone levels and induced an aberrant intra-tubular organisation (ITO) which is associated with an altered spermatids/spermatocytes ratio (2:1 instead of 3:1). (nature.com)
Using RT-PCR, 5'- and 3'-RACE approaches we clearly show that PDE10A transcript variants X3 and X5 are expressed in bovine testis as well as in primary spermatocytes and spermatids. (plos.org)
PRKRA localized to four types of nuage structures, including aggregates of 60-90 nm particles, irregularly-shaped perinuclear granules, and intermitochondrial cement of pachytene spermatocytes, and chromatoid bodies of round spermatids. (hindawi.com)
The results suggest that PRKRA functions in the nuage as an element of RNA silencing system and plays unknown role in the ectoplasmic specialization and at the tubulobulbar complexes of Sertoli cells attaching the head of late spermatids. (hindawi.com)
This compromised testicular antioxidant status might have contributed to poor growth and development by affecting the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in rats before puberty as indicated by reduced germ cell number, complete absence of round spermatids, decreased seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone level. (hindawi.com)
However, spermatocytes, spermatids and sperm already present in the adult testis at the time of operation transform into spermatophores. (ubc.ca)
From these studies it has been concluded that mitotic division of spermatogonia and their transformation into spermatocytes are dependent on pituitary, but the transformation of spermatocytes, spermatids and sperm into spermatophores are pituitary-independent. (ubc.ca)
At the completion of meiosis, four haploid gametes, termed round spermatids, result from the division of every spermatocyte. (jci.org)
Finally, it may play diverse roles in the spermatogenesis including in the adhesion of spermatocytes and spermatids to Sertoli cells and for their normal differentiation into mature spermatozoa. (nih.gov)
Spermatocytogenesis: spermatogenic cells undergo successive mitotic and meiotic divisions to give rise to spermatids. (online-sciences.com)
All these changes occur while spermatids are embedded in the luminal surface of Sertoli cells. (online-sciences.com)
Primary spermatocytes undergo further meiotic division to form secondary spermatocytes and finally, spermatids. (saralstudy.com)
Each secondary spermatocyte then undergoes second meiotic division (meiosis II) to form two equal haploid spermatids. (saralstudy.com)
Results The volume of the testes, tubules, and epithelium was reduced between 61% and 66%, and the number of the spermatogonia, spermatocytes, round spermatids, and long spermatids was reduced between 70% and 93% in cisplatin group compared with that of control mice. (psu.edu)
Cisplatin affected spermatids to a greater extent, and Sertoli cells to a lesser extent than the other cells. (psu.edu)
In spermatogenesis, each germinal cell (spermatogonium), located adjacent to the Sertoli cells, undergoes differentiation into 16 primary spermatocytes, each of which generates 4 spermatids. (msdmanuals.com)
If reproducible in the latter group, transmeiotic in-vitro differentiation of primary spermatocytes may be useful in cases of complete maturation arrest, whereas the development of culture-specific forms may help select viable spermatids in cases of complete spermiogenesis failure. (univaq.it)

Hypophysectomy of juvenile or adult guppies completely blocks mitosis in the spermatogonia and their transformation into spermatocytes. (ubc.ca)
Early progenitor cells, which are designated A spermatogonia in the mouse and A- dark spermatogonia in humans, are defined as "undifferentiated. (jci.org)
Undifferentiated spermatogonia divide mitotically to both repopulate the testicular stem cell population and provide progenitor cells that undergo spermatogenesis. (jci.org)
Differentiating spermatogonia in mice undergo five mitotic divisions before converting to preleptotene spermatocytes. (jci.org)
C ) Expansion of both the undifferentiated (A spermatogonia) and differentiated (A1 spermatogonia) spermatogonial populations occurs by mitosis of these cell types, regulated in part by FSH. (jci.org)
It is lined on its inner side by two types of cells namely spermatogonia and sertoli cells respectively. (saralstudy.com)
Spermatogonia are male germ cells which produce primary spermatocytes by meiotic divisions. (saralstudy.com)
During Spermatogenesis division of chromosomes from diploid to haploid state first occurs in Spermatogonia to primary spermatocyte division. (medicosplexus.com)

These cells respond to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) released by the hypothalamus, which helps to promote spermatogenesis. (medscape.com)
Taniguchi and colleagues reported that while hOvol1 and hOvol2 were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the testes of patients capable of spermatogenesis, they were not detected in those with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. (medscape.com)
particularly the Sertoli cells, which play a major role in spermatogenesis and are the main cell type in the testis which expresses T 3 receptors [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this Review, we briefly outline the roles that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone play in regulating spermatogenesis and describe our current understanding of how vitamin A regulates germ cell differentiation and how it may lead to the generation of both the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium and the spermatogenic wave. (jci.org)
From this point forward, the steps and cell types of spermatogenesis are conserved between mice and humans. (jci.org)
In vitro spermatogenesis could indeed be proposed to patients with testicular localization of residual tumor cells, for whom testicular tissue autografting is not indicated (about 30% of patients with acute leukemia). (elifesciences.org)
CADM1, a single-pass type 1 cell membrane protein, appears to be involved in several biological processes: Apoptosis, Cell adhesion, Differentiation, Immunity and Spermatogenesis. (nih.gov)
Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) play a crucial role in mammalian spermatogenesis and maintain the stable inheritance of the germline in livestock. (bvsalud.org)
Male- stimulates sertoli cells in testes to initiate spermatogenesis upto secondary spermatocytes b. (gradebuddy.com)
Testosterone (T2): produced in leydig cells of testes (interstitial cells)- Stimulates spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules- Develops/maintains secondary (accessory) sex glands- Develops secondary sex characteristics- Increases "libido" (sexual desire)- Increase nitrogen retention (^ protein synthesis and muscle growth)Lecture 23 (March 19)I. Gonads ContinuedA. (gradebuddy.com)
I. FSH: FSH stimulates spermatogenesis and Sertoli cell function . (online-sciences.com)
It is also essential for the maturation phase of spermatogenesis particularly spermatid maturation in the Sertoli cell . (online-sciences.com)
Estrogens formed from testosterone by the Sertoli cells when they are stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone, are probably also essential for spermiogenesis, Inhibin depresses spermatogenesis by inhibiting FSH secretion. (online-sciences.com)
Spermatogenesis is the process of the production of sperms from the immature germ cells in males. (saralstudy.com)
During spermatogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium (male germ cell) increases its size to form a diploid primary spermatocyte. (saralstudy.com)
FSH acts on sertoli cells, whereas LH acts on leydig cells of the testis and stimulates the process of spermatogenesis. (saralstudy.com)
After 35 days of recovery (1 cycle of spermatogenesis), the volume of the testes (Cavalieri method), volume density of the tubules and epithelium (point-counting method), and number of cells (optical dissector method) were estimated. (psu.edu)
In the presence of testosterone , FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells and induces spermatogenesis. (msdmanuals.com)

[ 1 ] Sertoli cells help to make up the blood-testis barrier and are responsible assisting with sperm production. (medscape.com)
This hematoxylin and eosin section of a testis biopsy (400X) demonstrates an individual tubule lined only with Sertoli cells (Sertoli-cell-only [SCO] syndrome). (medscape.com)
Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. (plos.org)
The objective of this study was to identify the PDE10A isoforms expressed in the testis and germ cells, and to determine the presence and localization of PDE10A in mature spermatozoa. (plos.org)
It is well established that the formation of normal numbers of Sertoli cells is a key factor in determining testis size, germ cell numbers per testis, and sperm production rate in adulthood in a range of mammals, including humans [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Junctional devices in Sertoli cells conform the blood-testis barrier and play a key role in maturation and differentiation of germ cells. (techscience.com)
The structure, regulation, and cell types of the mouse testis. (jci.org)
B ) Histological cross section through an adult mouse testis depicting seminiferous tubules, the peritubular myoid cells, and the interstitium (space between tubules). (jci.org)
Giant cell formation in the testis, which is usually accompanies germinal celldegeneration/atrophy was observed at the dose of 50 mg/kg and above. (europa.eu)
Present study was designed to establish a causal connection between changes in the cell-cell junction protein expression at the blood-testis barrier and alterations in the adult rat testis histology following an anti-androgen flutamide exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
In the testis, Sertoli cells serve as supporting cells and reside as a basal epithelial lining within the seminiferous epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
They create a specialized microenvironment to support the germ cell development especially through the formation of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). (biomedcentral.com)
Blood testis barrier is formed by sertoli cells (Sertoli cell barrier). (medicosplexus.com)

Sertoli-cell-only (SCO) syndrome, also called germ cell aplasia or Del Castillo syndrome, describes a condition of the testes in which only Sertoli cells line the seminiferous tubules. (medscape.com)
The evidence that the culture of testicular fragments of 6.5-day-old mouse testes does not allow optimal differentiation of steroidogenic cells is compelling and should enable further optimizations in the future. (elifesciences.org)
It upregulated the declined level of serum testosterone and the expression of steroidogenic genes such as CYP11A1 and 17β3-HSD with an obvious histologic improvement of the testes with re-establishment of the normal spermatogenic series, Sertoli and Leydig cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Male- stimulates interstitial cells (leydig cells) of testes to produce testosterone (ICSH) b. (gradebuddy.com)
Sertoli cells are known as nurse cells of the testes as they provide nourishment to the germ cells. (saralstudy.com)
The Leydig cells of the testes respond to LH by producing between 5 and 10 mg of testosterone daily. (msdmanuals.com)
In males, estradiol is the main inhibitor of LH production, whereas both estradiol and inhibin B, a peptide produced by Sertoli cells of the testes, inhibit production of FSH. (msdmanuals.com)

Fetal type Leydig cells disappear soon after birth (during first 2 weeks after birth) and are replaced by adult type Leydig cells [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
Recent research also has thrown lights upon a significant role of orexins, especially orexin A, in regulation of male reproductive functions owing to their receptor expressions in vital testicular cells, such as Leydig cells, Sertoli cells as well as spermatozoa at different developmental stages, even in the epididymis and penis. (researchgate.net)
Despite a conserved density of Leydig cells after 30 days of culture (D30), transcript levels of adult Leydig cell and steroidogenic markers were decreased. (elifesciences.org)
Transcript levels of the androgen receptor (AR)-regulated gene Rhox5 were decreased at the end of the culture period, suggesting that testosterone production by Leydig cells and/or AR transcriptional activity was impaired in organotypic cultures ( 8 ). (elifesciences.org)
In addition, the ACR-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with a dramatic reduction in testosterone level due to disruption of the Leydig cells steroidogenic pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the interstitial compartment, however, short-term exposure leads to both histological and functional changes of the Leydig cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Sensitization of Leydig cells to the action of LH. (online-sciences.com)
B- Testosterone: it is secreted from the Leydig cells under the effect of LH and it reaches the seminiferous tubules directly where it is maintained at a high concentration by the effect of the ABP. (online-sciences.com)
secretion, so the secretion of endogenous androgen by the Leydig cells is decreased. (online-sciences.com)
(b) The leydig cells of the seminiferous tubules secrete the male sex hormone called testosterone. (saralstudy.com)
There are large polygonal cells known as interstitial cells or leydig cells just adjacent to seminiferous tubules. (saralstudy.com)

Ovol1 and Ovol2, a family of zinc finger transcription factors, are expressed in spermatocytes at the pachytene stage and are suggested to be critical regulators of pachytene progression in male germ cells. (medscape.com)
A congenital absence of germ cells due to failure of migration of gonocytes is theoretically possible. (medscape.com)
Mature teratomas (aka dermoid cysts) are germ cell tumors of the ovary that are both common and benign. (proprofs.com)
Also, these different approaches allowed us to study the complex arrangement of the actin cytoskeleton of Sertoli cells branches, which surround germ cells in different stages of the spermatogenic cycle. (techscience.com)
Seminiferous epithelium of both groups of rats displayed normal histology without any loss of germ cells. (biomedcentral.com)
is a process by which the male germ cells are transformed into spermatozoa. (online-sciences.com)
After 10 weeks, exercised and non-exercised males were sampled to determine plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels, testicular mRNA expression levels of genes involved in steroidogenesis and gametogenesis by qPCR, as well as the relative abundance of germ cells representing the different spermatogenic stages by histological examination. (biomedcentral.com)

Recombination and separation of homologous chromosomes occurs in pachytene spermatocytes during meiosis I and results in the formation of secondary spermatocytes. (jci.org)
EMA was defined as maturation arrest up to the level of the primary spermatocyte and LMA from the secondary spermatocyte to the formation of the immature spermatid. (urologytimes.com)
It stimulates the meiotic division of the primary spermatocyte to form a secondary spermatocyte. (online-sciences.com)
This diploid primary spermatocyte undergoes first meiotic division (meiosis I), which is a reductional division to form two equal haploid secondary spermatocytes. (saralstudy.com)

Sertoli cells, interstitial cells and the epithelial cells lining the sperm ducts regress in hypophysectomized fish. (ubc.ca)
the regressed Sertoli cells, interstitial cells and the epithelial cells lining the sperm ducts resume their normal appearance. (ubc.ca)
The regressed Sertoli cells, interstitial cells and the epithelial cells lining the sperm ducts of hypophysectomized fish assume normal appearance with testosterone treatment. (ubc.ca)
2. LH: This stimulates testosterone secretion from the interstitial cells of Leydig (so it is called the interstitial cell-stimulating hormone or ICSH). (online-sciences.com)

Our results show a consistent labelling for β-actin before, during and after the release of spermatozoa in the tubular lumen (spermiation) suggesting a significant role of the actin network in spermatic cell differentiation. (techscience.com)
and the unique differentiation of haploid cells (spermiogenesis) (Figure 1 ). (jci.org)
hCG was insufficient to facilitate Leydig cell differentiation, restore steroidogenesis and improve sperm yield. (elifesciences.org)
In-vitro differentiation of spermatogenic cells is potential approach to the treatment of male sterility due to spermatogenic arrest. (univaq.it)
FSH-dependent condensation, peripheral migration and protrusion of spermatid nuclei, together with FSH-independent flagellar growth, were the main events indicating post-meiotic sperm cell differentiation. (univaq.it)
These differentiation events appeared to be mediated by humoral activity of Sertoli cells, without the need for a direct Sertoli-sperm cell contact. (univaq.it)

The objective of the present study is to investigate the modulation of antioxidant defence status in neonatal persistent hypothyroid rats before their sexual maturation and also to identify the specific testicular cell populations vulnerable to degeneration during neonatal hypothyroidism in immature rats. (hindawi.com)
The Baylor researchers hypothesized that patients with earlier stages of MA might be associated with higher levels of FSH resulting from increased sertoli cell or other testicular damage. (urologytimes.com)
The organotypic culture procedure, which preserves testicular tissue architecture, microenvironment and cell interactions, has been used successfully to obtain spermatozoa from fresh or frozen/thawed mouse prepubertal testicular tissues ( 3 - 6 ). (elifesciences.org)
Administration of POS extract reversed the ACR-induced epididymides weight loss with improved semen quality and count, ameliorated the ACR-decreased testicular lesion scoring, testicular oxidative stress, testicular degeneration, Leydig cell apoptosis and the dysregulated PCNA and Caspase-3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Studies on male rodents suggested that chronic ACR exposure resulted in testicular cytotoxicity indicated by vacuolization, multiple nuclei formation, abnormal giant cell, atrophy of the seminiferous tubules and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
This is a pilot study evaluating meiotic, morphogenetic and cytoplasmic maturation of spermatogenic cells from 18 patients with obstructive azoospermia, during in-vitro culture of partly disintegrated testicular biopsy samples in the presence or absence of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH). (univaq.it)

Testosterone is essential for male fertility, mediating its biological effects through the androgen receptor (AR) present in somatic Leydig, peritubular, and Sertoli cells. (biomedcentral.com)
These cells secrete the male hormone called testosterone. (saralstudy.com)

Spermatogonial cells, spermatocyte and sertoli cells were present in seminiferous tubules but mature spermatozoa were not seen. (onljvetres.com)

Two of these targets, NPM1 and hnRNPH1, were studied further using western blotting in both cell lines and primary cells. (bvsalud.org)

It is the process when mature spermatozoa are released from the sertoli cells into the lumen of seminiferous tubules. (saralstudy.com)

In vivo, the structure of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic cells was disrupted after UCHL1 KD, and the expression levels of apoptosis- and inflammation-related proteins were significantly upregulated. (bvsalud.org)

Female- stimulates luteal cells on ovary- Ovulation- Formation of corpus Luteum (CL)- Stimulates progesterone production and secretionActs with FSH to produce estrogen6. (gradebuddy.com)
Stimulates transport of sperm and ova- Expulsion of fetus at parturition- Myoepithelial cells in mammary gland to contract and release milk- "milk letdown"IV. (gradebuddy.com)

The Sertoli cells line the seminiferous tubule. (medscape.com)

In SCO syndrome mouse model, PRPS2 overexpression significantly inhibited cell apoptosis and promoted cell cycle transition in TM4 Sertoli cells. (medscape.com)
Isoprenoid alcohol induce apoptosis (in various malignant cells and inhibit tumorigenesis in several in-vivo models). (medicosplexus.com)

However, this hypothesis began to be questioned when it was found that (i) acrosome-reacted sperm cells are still able to pass through extracellular layers and fertilize the oocyte (ii) most of the sperm cells undergo premature acrosomal reaction before they reach the oocyte. (nusl.cz)

As in somatic cells, sperm intracellular cAMP concentration is regulated by the opposite action of two enzymes: the adenylyl cyclases (AC), which synthesize cAMP from ATP, and the phosphodiesterases (PDE), which break the phosphodiester bond of cAMP to form 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP). (plos.org)

The spacial distribution of ectoplasmic specializations of Sertoli cells was studied by β-actin immunolabelling, using laser confocal and transmission electron microscopy. (techscience.com)
For confocal microscopy, β-actin immunolabelling of ectoplasmic specializations was studied over the background of either prosaposin or glutaredoxin immunolabelling of the Sertoli cytoplasm. (techscience.com)

The acrosome is a crucial organelle for sperm cells. (nusl.cz)
Defects in the biogenesis of the acrosome often lead to the impaired development of sperm cells and consequently, to the inability to fertilize the oocyte. (nusl.cz)
Therefore, we aimed to characterize proteomes of the acrosome and acrosome- reacted sperm cells, identify important proteins using advanced bioinformatics approaches and discuss the function of the acrosome as a vesicle that serves to store and process metabolites after the previous maturation process. (nusl.cz)

He was an early adopter of tissue culture technology as subsequently applied to dual chamber culture systems (1985-1991) to investigate polarized secretion in Sertoli cells and prostate cells, especially as they were used to examine paracrine factors in cell-to-cell interactions. (wikipedia.org)
Multichamber Cell Culture and Directional Secretion. (wikipedia.org)
Promoting secretion of the ABP from the Sertoli cells . (online-sciences.com)

It is essential for the division of the germinal cells. (online-sciences.com)

Categories included sertoli-cell only (SCO), early maturation arrest (EMA), late maturation arrest (LMA), and hypospermatogenesis (HS). (urologytimes.com)

For example, Sertoli cells secrete anti-müllerian hormone (AMH), which helps to ensure regression of müllerian ducts as a fetus develops into a male. (medscape.com)

Sertoli cell proliferation reaches its maximum level just before birth and ceases by the age of 3 weeks [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)

Labelling was found near the basal lamina, surrounding early spermatocytes (presumably in leptotene-zygotene) or at one of two levels in the seminiferous epithelium: (1) around deep infoldings of the Sertoli cell cytoplasm, in tubular stages before spermiation, and (2) in the superficial part of the seminiferous epithelium, in tubular stages after or during spermiation. (techscience.com)
As shown by examination of semi-thin and ultrathin sections, cell surface occupied by the basal ES connecting neighboring Sertoli cells and the number of gap and tight junctions coexisting with the basal ES were apparently reduced in flutamide-treated rats. (biomedcentral.com)

Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin and alpha2-macroglobulin by rat epididymal epithelial cells in vitro. (wikipedia.org)

Studies of prostate cancer (1990-2010) examined the expression of the neurotrophins and their receptors (Trk family and p75NTR) in epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
These studies revealed the role of the p75NTR as a tumor suppressor in prostate epithelial cells and that loss of p75NTR mRNA stability in tumor cells contributes to malignant transformation of normal cells to a cancer phenotype. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, we determined that several nuage proteins localize to spermatogenic cell-specific structures, including mitochondria-associated granules (MAG), granulated bodies (GB), reticulated bodies (RB), and ribosome aggregates (RA) [ 22 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)

The volume and number of the cells were reduced in the cisplatin + cooling group but to a lesser extent compared with those of mice in the cisplatin group. (psu.edu)

These cells have the potential to become gametes but have not yet committed to the process. (jci.org)

Pediatric cancer treatments such as chemotherapy have recognized toxicity on germline stem cells, which could lead to infertility at adulthood ( 1 , 2 ). (elifesciences.org)

In general, sperm cells become attracted to egg cells by various chemical or physical signals. (elifesciences.org)
In 2009, researchers identified a potassium ion channel, called CNGK, that starts the electrical signal in the sperm cells of sea urchins. (elifesciences.org)
including some of the researchers involved in the 2009 work - now report that the CNGK channel also exists in the sperm cells of a freshwater fish, the zebrafish. (elifesciences.org)
Unexpectedly, the CNGK channel is located in the heads of this fish's sperm cells rather than in the tails. (elifesciences.org)
These findings suggest that while channel proteins found in sperm cells from different species look similar and serve similar roles, they are activated in ways that can be very different. (elifesciences.org)

Decrease in sumoylaion-dependend phosphorylation of NPM1 on Ser125 regulated by AURKB can be a contributing factor to the inability of spermatocytes to condense chromatin by the end of the prophase and should be studied further. (bvsalud.org)

RISC assembles into processing bodies (P-bodies) which are specific cytoplasmic foci in somatic eukaryotic cells [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
and keywords Abstract and keywords The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a tightly and specifically regulated system of protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. (nusl.cz)

These cells then proceed through meiosis II, wherein sister chromatids are separated into individual cells. (jci.org)
To address this gap, in this study, we performed a comparative phospho-proteome analysis of the control spermatocytes and spermatocytes treated with the GA. Our analysis has narrowed down to several proteins implicated in the regulation of cell cycle and/or meiosis. (bvsalud.org)

Pachytene spermatocyte proteins influence Sertoli cell function. (wikipedia.org)
Chemotaxis and chemokinesis of human prostate tumor cell lines in response to human prostate stromal cell secretory proteins containing a specific nerve growth factor-like protein. (wikipedia.org)
Previously, we investigated the localization of several nuage-resident proteins in the nuage structures of spermatogenic cells by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) [ 22 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)

In both adult and juvenile guppies 'methallibure' brings about a clear decrease in both the number and mean cell diameter of gonadotrophs. (ubc.ca)
In conclusion, this study reports the failure of adult Leydig cell development and altered steroid production and signaling in tissue cultures. (elifesciences.org)

The malignant cells push through to the surface of the nipple, allowing fluid to seep out and dry into a crust. (proprofs.com)

This channel is activated by signalling molecules inside cells, called 'cyclic nucleotides', and its activity ultimately leads to calcium ions flowing into the sperm cell's tail. (elifesciences.org)
Electrophysiological experiments then revealed that the fish version of CNGK is not activated by cyclic nucleotides, but is activated when the inside of the cell becomes more alkaline. (elifesciences.org)

CADM1 acts as a tumor suppressor in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. (nih.gov)

Anatomy25

Organisms7

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes24

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science2

Spermatids18

Spermatogonia8

Spermatogenesis18

Testis13

Testes7

Leydig cells11

Germ7

Secondary4

Interstitial4

Differentiation6

Testicular6

Testosterone2

Spermatogonial1

Primary1

Spermatozoa1

Tubules1

Stimulates2

Seminiferous tubule1

Apoptosis2

Undergo1

Somatic cells1

Ectoplasmic2

Acrosome3

Secretion3

Germinal cells1

Maturation arrest1

Secrete1

Proliferation1

Basal2

Vitro1

Epithelial2

Spermatogenic cell-specific1

Mice1

Gametes1

Stem cells1

Sperm cells5

Inability1

Eukaryotic cells2

Meiosis2

Proteins3

Adult2

Malignant cells1

Cyclic2

Tumor suppressor1