• Here we describe genetic modification of antigen-presenting cell lines to facilitate the production of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes specific for CMV, EBV and several serotypes of adenovirus from a single cell culture. (nih.gov)
  • In vitro selection and extended culture of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. (rupress.org)
  • Specific selection of antigen-responsive guinea pig peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PELs) was achieved by a selection culture procedure. (rupress.org)
  • after 1 wk of culture, lymphocytes were obtained which were highly responsive to the antigen for which they were selected but which demonstrated little or no response to other antigens to which the original donor of the lymphocyte was immune. (rupress.org)
  • These selected cells were largely T lymphocytes and could be maintained in culture for 2-5 wk in an antigen-responsive state and, in 20-30% of cases, for 8-10 wk in an antigen-independent state. (rupress.org)
  • The process of lymphocyte homing is deliberate, mediated by lymphocyte-endothelial recognition mechanisms that enable antigen-specific immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because they have not yet been exposed to antigen, these lymphocytes are undifferentiated and express few homing receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lymphocyte homing receptor expression is altered by antigen exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon exposure to antigens, lymphocytes lack homing ability during a period of sessile differentiation and cell division, and antigen specific lymphocytes are stored in the spleen for 1-3 days. (wikipedia.org)
  • Organ-specific lymphocyte homing is important for antigen-specificity and in avoiding autoimmune cross-reactions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conservation of T cell receptor usage by HLA B27-restricted influenza-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes suggests a general pattern for antigen-specific major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Physiologic dsDNA breaks are generated in a variety of normal cellular functions, including the RAG endonuclease-mediated rearrangement of antigen receptor genes during the normal development of lymphocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These breaks are necessary to create the vast diversity seen in lymphocyte antigen receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In essence, the function of T cells and B cells is to recognize specific "non-self" antigens , during a process known as antigen presentation. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The basis of specific immunity lies in the capacity of immune cells to distinguish between proteins produced by the body's own cells ("self" antigen -those of the original organism), and proteins produced by invaders or cells under control of a virus ("non-self" antigen-or what is not recognized as the original organism). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Our study indicates that co-expression of GP and VP40 antigens based on the SFV replicon vector generates EBOV VLPs in vitro , and vaccination with recombinant DREP vectors containing GP and VP40 antigens induces Ebola antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. (frontiersin.org)
  • RANTES activates antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a mitogen-like manner through cell surface aggregation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In order to understand further the mechanism of RANTES-induced activation, the effects of both aggregated and disaggregated RANTES on antigen-specific CD8(+) clones were studied in comparison with the effects of specific antigens and in the presence of specific inhibitors of RANTES-mediated activation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In some individuals, expansions of antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes bearing specific TCR Vbeta chains were restricted to cells of particular CD45 isoforms. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The LSM 8.358 antibody reacts with a CD3-like T-cell receptor-associated cell-surface antigen found on thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Fig. 4: Summary of tumor-specific antigens tested for all patients. (nature.com)
  • These proteins lock onto specific antigens. (kidshealth.org)
  • The cancer diagnostics market is on the verge of explosion, as the researchers approach major technological breakthroughs in tumor diagnosis and therapy, discover new specific antigens, and unlock the mystery of the genetic basis of the disease. (aarkstore.com)
  • The position of bands on the nitrocellulose strips allows this antibody reactivity to be associated with specific viral antigens. (cdc.gov)
  • The mucosal immune system is uniquely regulated to manage its constant exposure to viruses, parasites, and bacterial antigens, all of which are in close proximity to a large reservoir of lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (medscape.com)
  • Lymphocyte homing receptors are cell adhesion molecules expressed on lymphocyte cell membranes that recognize addressins on target tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • These diverse tissue-specific adhesion molecules on lymphocytes (homing receptors) and on endothelial cells (vascular addressins) contribute to the development of specialized immune responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Naive lymphocyte extravasation into Peyer's patches is often mediated by L-selectin and limited expression of α4 integrins and other homing receptors prevents these lymphocytes from accessing mucosal effector tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mediated by lymphocyte receptors and vascular ligand interactions, "tethering" is a reversible linkage that leads to either rolling along the vessel wall or transient immediate arrest. (wikipedia.org)
  • B lymphocyte T lymphocyte Lymphocyte+homing+receptors at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Jalkantn, S. (wikipedia.org)
  • High levels of interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R) can be found mainly on the surface of activated T lymphocytes (both CD4+ and CD8+, mainly Th1 lymphocytes) [ 1 - 3 ] after endogenous stimulation. (springer.com)
  • Eight HLA B27-restricted influenza A virus nucleoprotein 383-391-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones were obtained from three unrelated donors following natural infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Rapid characterization of HIV clade C-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in infected African children and adults. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Compared with controls, the detectable proportion of HIV-1 particles derived from CD14 macrophages and CD26 lymphocytes was increased in persons with acute malaria coinfection and correlated with markedly increased plasma concentrations of both proinflammatory cytokines and soluble markers of macrophage and lymphocyte activation. (lww.com)
  • We mapped the presence of macrophages (CD68 and CD163) and lymphocytes (CD3) located within the tumor epithelium, the cell type-specific expression of PD-L1 and PD-1, and their impact on 5-year overall survival (OS) in a consecutive cohort of 130 women diagnosed with advanced HGSC between 2011 and 2015. (lu.se)
  • PD-L1 was expressed mainly by macrophages (not by tumor cells) and PD-1 by lymphocytes. (lu.se)
  • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy is a type of adoptive cellular therapy by harvesting infiltrated lymphocytes from tumors, culturing and amplifying them in vitro and then infusing back to treat patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anticipated technological breakthroughs will create numerous opportunities for determining genetic predisposition, detecting specific tumors, and monitoring biological response to cancer therapy. (aarkstore.com)
  • A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the vertebrate immune system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Insulin treatment restored the leukocyte number in PeLF and restored the presence of B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells in lungs of diabetic animals. (hindawi.com)
  • The data suggest that diabetic mice present impaired immunological response to Pb18 infection and insulin modulates inflammation by reducing IL-6 levels in lung and CINC-1 levels in spleen and liver homogenates, restoring leukocyte concentrations in PeLF and also restoring populations of dendritic cells and B lymphocytes in lungs of diabetic mice, permitting the host to better control the infection. (hindawi.com)
  • In order to study the mode of action of drugs of mammalian protein biosynthesis, lysergyl containing peptides have been obtained from rabbit immune lymphocytes and murine plasma cytoma cells incubated in vitro in the presence of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). (erowid.org)
  • Results suggest that LSD interferes with the de nova biosynthesis of several cellular proteins in the lymphocyte and is not specific to the immunoglobulin molecule. (erowid.org)
  • Specific HIV-1 proteins are fractionated according to molecular weight by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide slab gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). (cdc.gov)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • Naive lymphocytes are able to circulate into secondary lymphoid tissues, Peyer's patches, lymph nodes, and the spleen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lymphocytes in the lung-draining lymph nodes were isolated at 3 and 7 days postexposure, analyzed for CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and measured for cytokine production in response to concanavalin A or heat-killed L. monocytogenes. (cdc.gov)
  • Lymphocyte homing receptor control of organ-specific lymphocyte trafficking is thought to prevent autoreactivity in immune responses during B and T cell differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mature lymphocytes are constantly recirculating in the blood and can traffic to secondary lymphoid tissue as well as target tissue including mucosal tissues of the lamina propria, inflammation, and other extralymphoid immune effector sites. (wikipedia.org)
  • The two main types of lymphocytes are T cells and B cells , which function in the adaptive immune system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Other lymphocyte-like cells are commonly known as natural killer cells, or NK cells, and are part of the innate immune system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The two main categories of lymphocytes are the B lymphocytes ( B cells ) and T lymphocytes ( T cell ), both of which are involved in the adaptive immune system (Alberts 1989). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In addition, lymphocyte-like cells called natural killer (NK) cells are involved in the immune system, albeit part of the innate immune system . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The adaptive immune system, also called the "acquired immune system" and "specific immune system," is a response of the body whereby animals that survive an initial infection by a pathogen are generally immune to further illness caused by that same pathogen. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The adaptive immune system is based on dedicated lymphocytes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The CD4+ T-lymphocyte coordinates a number of important immunologic functions, and a loss of these functions results in progressive impairment of the immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • These results suggest an immune response that involves the action of IL-6 on T-cell activation, yielding Listeria-specific CD8+ cells. (cdc.gov)
  • All enrolled thymic lymphocytes is widely accepted as infants were breastfed in addition to receiv- an indicator of the depression of thymus- ing some traditional foods, according to dependent immune competence associated their age. (who.int)
  • Thus, women with greater lymphocyte tumor infiltration had better outcome and PD-L1/PD-1 expression, regardless of PD-1/PD-L1 being markers for immune suppressive pathways, conferred a survival benefit in our cohort. (lu.se)
  • L-selectin, for example, is also able to be cleaved by an enzyme, ensuring proper binding of lymphocytes and allowing release of non-target cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The NK cells are sometimes labeled "large granular lymphocytes," while the T cells and B cells are labeled as "small lymphocytes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • While offering protection against millions of possible invaders, including viruses , bacteria , are cancer cells, lymphocytes allow normal body cells and helpful, symbiotic bacteria to flourish at the same time. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • A stained lymphocyte surrounded by red blood cells viewed using a light microscope. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Once they have identified an invader, the cells generate specific responses that are tailored to maximally eliminate specific pathogens, or pathogen infected cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Throughout the lifetime of an animal, these memory cells will "remember" each specific pathogen encountered, and are able to mount a strong response if the pathogen is detected again. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • In addition, diabetic mice presented a reduced influx of TCD4+ cells, TCD8+ cells, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and dendritic cells compared to control infected groups. (hindawi.com)
  • 50%), compact MC infiltrates are accompanied by perifocal clusters of lymphocytes containing a mixture of B and T cells. (bmj.com)
  • RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted) is released by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and is a potent chemoattractant factor for monocytes and T cells, also known for its ability to suppress HIV infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The CD8α and β chains (CD8a and CD8b, respectively) form a heterodimer on the surface of most thymocytes and a subpopuplation of mature T-lymphocytes (ie, MHC class I-restricted T cells, including most T suppressor/cytotoxic cells). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Currently, the most widely-used TIL production method is to isolate infiltrating lymphocytes from tumor tissues and then culture and expand these cells in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cells that make up the lymph glands are called lymphocytes. (ecureme.com)
  • T cell immunity is at the center of the disease contributing to the inflammatory process through the loss of tolerance to gluten and the differentiation of HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8-restricted anti-gluten inflammatory CD4 + T cells secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and to the killing of intestinal epithelial cells by cytotoxic intraepithelial CD8 + lymphocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • HIV infection is characterized by a decrease and, eventually, a depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes (helper T cells). (cdc.gov)
  • Using immunophenotyping, HIV-positive blood samples and age-matched controls were tested for the proportion of lymphocytes that are T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells (suppressor/inducer T cells). (cdc.gov)
  • Without mature B lymphocytes, antibody-producing plasma cells are also absent. (medscape.com)
  • This study shows that peptide-specific HLA B27-restricted CTL following influenza virus infection use very similar TcR and, when considered with previous studies, suggests a pattern of TcR conservation for major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • While it is known that genotoxic agents, such as IR, activate transcriptional programs involved in maintaining the integrity of the genome, we also want to investigate whether or not the genotoxic breaks could affect lymphocyte-specific maturation transcriptional responses similar to those we observed following RAG-induced physiological DSBs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, nothing is known about the ability of the N-specific CD8 + T cell immunity in controlling viral replication in the lungs, a major pathogenic signature of severe disease in humans. (nature.com)
  • The gradual return to the hyperglycemic condition roughly correlated with the reappearance of L3T4 + T-lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • CeD is characterized by an infiltration of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the proximal part of the small intestine, crypt hyperplasia and the development of villous atrophy in the latest stages of the disease. (frontiersin.org)
  • Lymphocytes in lungs are maintained separately from the pool of circulating lymphocytes, and their continuous loss through intraepithelial migration toward the airways is constantly replenished by homeostatic proliferation 9 . (nature.com)
  • Adoptive transfer of polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for CMV or EBV seems promising, but it is unclear whether this strategy can be extended to adenovirus, which comprises many serotypes. (nih.gov)
  • Adoptive cell therapy using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown activity in melanoma, but has not been previously evaluated in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. (nature.com)
  • To fill the gap, we investigated the immunity generated in the lungs by N-engineered EVs in terms of induction of N-specific effectors and resident memory CD8 + T lymphocytes before and after virus challenge carried out three weeks and three months after boosting. (nature.com)
  • The virtual absence of Spike-specific cell immunity in lungs of vaccinees is not surprising given that the vaccine is administrated intramuscularly. (nature.com)
  • α4β7 is an α4 integrin class homing receptor that targets lymphocytes in the gut expressing mucosal adhesion molecule-1(MAdCAM-1), mostly expressed in Peyer's patches. (wikipedia.org)
  • Free lymphocytes constantly recirculate in blood after their re-entry from lymphoid tissue, via lymphatic and thoracic ducts. (wikipedia.org)
  • Homing happens in tissue-specific manner-e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • While attached to the vessel, lymphocytes test target tissue for chemokines and pro-adhesive factors that then prompt "arrest. (wikipedia.org)
  • We discovered that, in mouse models, activated B-lymphocytes infiltrate infarcted tissue in the weeks after stroke. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, CeD patients produce highly disease-specific antibodies against deamidated gluten peptides and the enzyme tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) ( 2 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The LSM 12.125 antibody reacts with the canine form of the 56 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein, CD4, present on the T-helper/inducer subset of normal canine donor peripheral blood lymphocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This study was designed to investigate the role of the L3T4 + T-lymphocyte subset in disease recurrence in the NOD mouse. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • When administered to immunocompromised individuals, the single T lymphocyte line expands into multiple discrete virus-specific populations that supply clinically measurable antiviral activity. (nih.gov)
  • The antiviral effect appeared similarly strong when the viral challenge was carried out 3 months after boosting, and associated with the persistence of N-specific CD8 + T-resident memory lymphocytes. (nature.com)
  • Antiviral CD8+ T lymphocytes may exist in very large pools in healthy individuals. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is also known that an effective response against Pb depends on both TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocyte activation in the presence of ideal concentrations of Th1 inflammatory cytokines [ 12 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Specific inhibitors of RANTES-induced activation, such as soluble glycosaminoglycans, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta, acted by preventing the binding of RANTES on the cell surface. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Sub-Saharan Africans and C clade infection have been relatively neglected in terms of the HIV-specific CTL epitopes that have been defined to date. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CDC has revised the classification system for HIV infection to emphasize the clinical importance of the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in the categorization of HIV-related clinical conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • The CD4+ T-lymphocyte is the primary target for HIV infection because of the affinity of the virus for the CD4 surface marker (3). (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, antiretroviral therapy should be considered for all persons with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of less than 500/uL, and prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), the most common serious opportunistic infection diagnosed in men and women with AIDS, is recommended for all persons with CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts of less than 200/uL and for persons who have had prior episodes of PCP. (cdc.gov)
  • The classification system for HIV infection among adolescents and adults has been revised to include the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count as a marker for HIV-related immunosuppression. (cdc.gov)
  • The revised CDC classification system for HIV-infected adolescents and adults * categorizes persons on the basis of clinical conditions associated with HIV infection and CD4+ T- lymphocyte counts. (cdc.gov)
  • Listeria infection induced lymphocyte production of IL-6. (cdc.gov)
  • A mathematical model and CD4+ lymphocyte dynamics in HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Lymphocytes play an important and integral role in the body's defenses, and are part of a system of extraordinary complexity and coordination. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • B lymphocytes are like the body's military intelligence system - they find their targets and send defenses to lock onto them. (kidshealth.org)
  • A low ratio of CD4+ (helper) any chromosomal or hereditary disorder lymphocytes relative to CD8+ (suppressor) that caused the malnutrition. (who.int)
  • In addition to α4 integrins, LFA-1 and Mac-1 mediate the prevention of lymphocyte transendothelial migration into target tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the absence of BTK, B lymphocytes do not differentiate or mature. (medscape.com)
  • The diagnosis is confirmed by abnormally low or absent numbers of mature B lymphocytes, as well as low or absent expression of the µ heavy chain on the surface of the lymphocyte. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, lymphocytes can alter cell adhesion molecule "activatability" to increase binding ability. (wikipedia.org)
  • This process is initiated by RAG endonucleases while the lymphocytes are in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The distribution on lymphocytes for canine is similar to that found for both human and monkey, with the majority of CD4-positive lymphocytes being CD8-negative and lacking reactivity with antibodies to B- or NK-cell markers. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cell and BD® CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Histologic (specific cell type) will be determined. (ecureme.com)
  • At 7 days postinfection, lymphocytes from Listeria-infected rats showed significant increases in CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts and the CD8+/CD4+ ratio and exhibited increased production of IFN-gamma and IL-2 receptor expression compared with the noninfected control. (cdc.gov)
  • The isolated lymphocytes showed a significant increase in the CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts and the CD8+/CD4+ ratio and exhibited increased IL-2 responsiveness and increased capacity in the secretion of IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-gamma. (cdc.gov)
  • The Cambridge Biotech HIV-1 Western Blot Kit is manufactured by Calypte Corporation from HIV-I propagated in an H9/HTLV-IIIb T lymphocyte cell line. (cdc.gov)
  • The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)
  • Monoculture-derived multispecific CTL infusion could provide a safe and efficient means to restore virus-specific immunity in the immunocompromised host. (nih.gov)
  • Immunity against CMV comprises a large population of CD8+ T lymphocytes with heterogeneous potential, a spectrum in which CD45 isoform expression may play a central role. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We identified a central lymphocyte-specific transcriptional response common to both physiologic and genotoxic breaks, which includes many lymphocyte developmental processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are reports of oligoclonal bands in the CSF of stroke patients, suggesting that in some people a B-lymphocyte response to stroke may occur in the CNS. (jneurosci.org)
  • Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that a B-lymphocyte response to stroke could contribute to the onset of dementia. (jneurosci.org)
  • We have therefore investigated the CD8+ T-lymphocyte response against CMV directly ex vivo using Class I tetramers combined with stains for a range of phenotypic markers followed by four-colour flow cytometric analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The system is based on three ranges of CD4+ T- lymphocyte counts and three clinical categories and is represented by a matrix of nine mutually exclusive categories (Table 1). (cdc.gov)
  • T-lymphocyte counts, with special emphasis and stunted children has not changed dra- on the effect of nutritional rehabilitation. (who.int)
  • Additionally, α4β1 with the ligand vascular adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) function in lymphocyte trafficking and inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
  • CeD, similar to other organ-specific autoimmune disorders, is marked by its complexity both at the epidemiological and immunological levels, which translates into a spectrum of clinical manifestations ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This is in part because the gut is the largest lymphoid organ in the body, containing the majority of lymphocytes and producing large amounts of immunoglobulin (Ig). (medscape.com)
  • Others, called lymphocytes (pronounced: LIM-fuh-sytes), help the body remember the invaders and destroy them. (kidshealth.org)
  • DEP exposure alone enhanced lymphocyte production of both IL-2 and IL-6 but inhibited lymphocyte secretion of IFN-gamma. (cdc.gov)
  • As the number of CD4+ T-lymphocytes decreases, the risk and severity of opportunistic illnesses increase. (cdc.gov)
  • Nevertheless, the severity of disease cannot be predicted by the specific mutations. (medscape.com)
  • Because of these recommendations, CD4+ T- lymphocyte determinations are an integral part of medical management of HIV-infected persons in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • L-selectin is able to mediate vessel adhesion whereas α4 integrins, α4β1 or α4β7, can perform primary or secondary adhesion through a stronger tethering and even contribute to transendothelial migration of lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • 98%) is thought to be derived from short-lived lymphocytes ordinarily [ 11,12 ], HIV-1 replication within the macrophage reservoir is increased during mycobacterial and Pneumocystis carinii coinfections [ 13-15 ]. (lww.com)
  • Specific molecular analysis is made by single-strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP), direct DNA analysis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to search for the BTK mutation. (medscape.com)
  • The traditional procedure of TIL production is assayed for specific tumor recognition and usually takes 6-8 weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The immunological mechanisms controlling CMV in the long term are not defined completely, but CD8+ T lymphocytes are thought to play an important role. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In addition, the preparation of a specific CTL line for each virus in every eligible individual would be impractical. (nih.gov)
  • In addition to physiologic breaks, lymphocytes are exposed to a variety of genotoxic damage from exogenous sources. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Measures of CD4+ T-lymphocytes are used to guide clinical and therapeutic management of HIV-infected persons (22). (cdc.gov)
  • This revision establishes mutually exclusive subgroups for which the spectrum of clinical conditions is integrated with the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. (cdc.gov)
  • These repeatedly reactive specimens were then tested with a more specific test, the Cambridge Biotech HIV-1 Western Blot Kit (Calypte Biomedical Corporation, Rockville, MD). (cdc.gov)