• in general, innate i. is nonspecific and is not stimulated by specific antigens. (theodora.com)
  • The method involves selectively identifying antigens in a sample of cells within a tissue section through the principle that certain antibodies will bind to specific antigens present in the tissue. (news-medical.net)
  • The initial principle outlined that antibodies labeled with a fluorescent dye could detect pneumococcal antigens in infected tissues. (news-medical.net)
  • Immunofluorescence (IFA) is a traditional laboratory technique that utilizes fluorescent dyes to identify the presence of antibodies bound to specific antigens. (leolabs.in)
  • Experimental investigation has revealed the presence of specific tumor antigens in laboratory animals. (iptq.com)
  • Many commercially available tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific antigens have recently been developed. (thinkingcapsrc.com)
  • The STANDARD F COVID-19 Ag fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) kit is also available, which uses a fluorescent immunoassay to detect specific nucleoprotein antigens to SARS-CoV-2 in the human nasopharynx. (thinkingcapsrc.com)
  • Immunoassays are widely used for detection of antibodies against specific antigens in diagnosis, as well as in electrophoretic techniques such as Western Blotting. (chagghana.org)
  • Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is a one-step histological staining procedure in which tissue antigens (fixed in a solid phase, mostly slides) can be recognized directly by adding fluorochrome-labeled antibodies. (lynniezulu.com)
  • Immunofluorescence [1,2] is a method in which the binding specificity of antibodies to their antigens are used to visualize the structure and dynamics of biological systems. (leica-microsystems.com)
  • IHC, in combination with microscopy and image analysis techniques, has become a very powerful tool that offers a direct visualization of tissue antigens using labeled antibodies specific to the antigen. (technologynetworks.com)
  • While the development of this important technique could not have been possible without the discovery of antibodies by Emil von Behring and Shibasabura Kitasato in 1890, 1 it wasn't until 1923 that the antigen - antibody complex was detected by Michael Heidelberger using labeled antigens. (technologynetworks.com)
  • 3 , 4 The labeling of antibodies with the fluorescent tag, fluorescein, and the detection of their respective antigens in cells and tissues was pioneered by Albert Hewett Coons and others in 1941 5 and kickstarted the immunostaining revolution. (technologynetworks.com)
  • If present in the patient's serum, antibodies attach to smooth-muscle antigens on the rodent tissue specimens. (medscape.com)
  • Mouse or mice from the Mus musculus species are used for production of mouse monoclonal antibodies or mabs and as research model for humans in your lab. (conzort.com)
  • Although IFA tests have good sensitivity and specificity ( 10 ) for CHIKV, this method requires specific material that may not be available in diagnostic laboratories worldwide. (cdc.gov)
  • All immunostaining techniques, including IHC, utilize this important property of the antigen - antibody reaction specificity to ensure the detection of a single molecule type from a milieu of thousands of different ones (Figure 1). (technologynetworks.com)
  • Diagrammatic representation of the specificity of the antigen - antibody reaction that enables detection and localization of a single target in a milieu of thousands of intracellular molecules. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Therefore, there is an increasing need for multimodal imaging techniques that can provide both molecular specificity and the structural context. (nature.com)
  • Immuno-electron microscopy, also referred to as EM immunolabelling and immuno-EM, is a technique that tags antibody molecules with electron-dense substances, usually, and most effectively, being small gold particles, which are seen during the analysis as easy to spot dark dots. (news-medical.net)
  • For a long time, some scholars have tried to combine antibody molecules with some tracer substances, and use antigen-antibody reaction to locate antigenic substances in tissues or cells. (medicilon.com)
  • Fluorescent molecules do not convert all the absorbed light energy into fluorescence, and they are always released in more or less other forms. (medicilon.com)
  • Fluorescence efficiency refers to the percentage of fluorescent molecules that convert the absorbed light energy into fluorescence, which is proportional to the value of the emitted fluorescent light quantum. (medicilon.com)
  • The radiation ability of fluorescent molecules will be weakened or even quenched after being irradiated by the excitation light for a long time. (medicilon.com)
  • To ensure that the correct sets of molecules talk to each other, the intracellular space is highly structured and special signals are employed to move specific molecules from one structure to another. (alzforum.org)
  • The details of how proteins are moved around within a cell are being deciphered with high-powered microscopy combined with sophisticated techniques for labeling individual molecules, including fluorescent or "quantum dot" tags and antibodies tailored to adhere to a protein in a particular state of activation. (alzforum.org)
  • However, the EGFR can undergo endocytosis when no ubiquitin is attached, using a complex of specific helper molecules, whereas DAT requires the attachment of ubiquitin to activate a specific enzyme that triggers endocytosis ( Miranda and Sorkin, 2007 ). (alzforum.org)
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important evaluation tool that falls under the umbrella of immunostaining techniques and exploits antigen - antibody binding to study the status of target molecules in tissues of interest. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Antibodies are small protein molecules that are naturally expressed by the immune system of the body in response to the entry of a foreign molecule (antigen) and help in neutralizing it. (technologynetworks.com)
  • The beauty of the antigen - antibody reaction is that each antibody is specific to only a portion of the antigen, called an epitope, and does not bind other molecules that do not match its target, including the body's own molecules. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Immunostaining is an umbrella term that encompasses all the techniques that are used for the detection of molecules employing the antigen - antibody reaction. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry or immunohistochemical staining is a specific use case of immunostaining when the antigen - antibody reaction is used to study the status of molecules in tissue (from the Greek histos , which means tissue). (technologynetworks.com)
  • Western blotting is an immunoassay reaction technique that helps to detect protein molecules at nanogram quantities. (studyread.com)
  • Flow cytometry (CMF) is a technology of multiparametric cell analysis for detection and identification of molecules and cell structures using fluorescent markers and conjugated antibodies. (csic.es)
  • PALM imaging relies on the acquisition of thousands of low-resolution images, each of which showing only a few fluorescent molecules. (pasteur.fr)
  • For example, the detection of fluorescence not only depends on the absolute amount of targeted molecules, but also the local structural density which can limit the diffusion and binding of the antibodies. (nature.com)
  • This adi Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) antibody is currently after some BD antibodies the most commonly used fluorescent dye for FACS. (conzort.com)
  • If you buy Antibodies supplied by QED Biosciences they should be stored frozen at - 24°C for long term storage and for short term at + 5°C.This QED Biosciences Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) antibody is currently after some BD antibodies the most commonly used fluorescent dye for FACS. (igganti.com)
  • These primary antibodies are then visualized by tagging them with a fluorescein conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody, which serves as the secondary antibody. (medscape.com)
  • However, they are all methods that rely on the use of antibodies to detect and identify proteins within biological samples. (news-medical.net)
  • Developed in 1971 by Engvall and Perlmann, the method quantifies peptides, proteins, antibodies, and hormones present in a sample by immobilizing an antigen on a solid surface before it is complexed with an antibody that is associated with an enzyme. (news-medical.net)
  • Western blot allows researchers to determine and quantify the proteins existent within a cell, identifying specific proteins out of the mixture of proteins that are present in cell samples. (news-medical.net)
  • The new method is the first to create synthetic recognition sites (similar to natural antibodies) for proteins and to couple them directly to a powerful nanosensor such as a carbon nanotube. (mit.edu)
  • These findings define a neural-specific mechanism of cell death whereby Pin1 couples phosphorylation of BH3-only proteins to activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic machinery. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Antibodies are raised against specific proteins and either directly tagged with a fluorescent marker or used in conjunction with fluorescently tagged secondary antibodies to identify and study the presence of the protein of interest. (leica-microsystems.com)
  • This broadly used and versatile technique allows scientists to visualize proteins, cell components, and cell processes in a variety of contexts. (leica-microsystems.com)
  • For example, it can be used to study the structure of organelles, the distribution of proteins in a tissue, and stain for the presence of specific biomarkers in a sample. (leica-microsystems.com)
  • The technique relies upon two target-specific primary antibodies, a plus and minus pair of species-specific PLA probes conjugated to DNA oligos that-when a target pair of proteins are in close proximity-can hybridize to trigger a rolling circle amplification reaction. (genengnews.com)
  • It is a widely used technique in cellular and molecular biology for the detection and identification of specific proteins from complex mixtures. (studyread.com)
  • The principle of the western blot is based on the electrophoretic transfer of proteins from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to sheets of polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) or nitrocellulose membrane, followed by immunodetection of proteins using antibodies with fluorescent or chemiluminescent detection. (studyread.com)
  • Optical microscopy, combined with fluorescent labels (such as GFP proteins and antibodies coupled with synthetic fluorophores), allows to showcase the specific structures of cells, including proteins. (pasteur.fr)
  • This non-invasive technique allows to observe proteins without destroying or altering their biological functions. (pasteur.fr)
  • We demonstrate several mechanisms for molecular imaging, including intrinsically expressed GFP fluorescence, autofluorescence from Flavin proteins, and exogenous antibody-conjugated dyes. (nature.com)
  • 5 days after onset of symptoms, serologic techniques are used to detect IgM and/or IgG responses to the virus. (cdc.gov)
  • Conventional techniques employed to detect NPs in tissues such as transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy offer superior nanoscale resolution, however pose limitations due to the high cost of sample processing and limited sample analysis throughput. (cdc.gov)
  • Confocal and fluorescence microscopy are also common techniques used to detect fluorescent NPs, however their detection ability is often obscured by tissue autofluorescence and are limited to detecting fluorescent NPs. (cdc.gov)
  • The novel antibodies isolated when used in conjunction with other existing techniques for NP detection will comprise a powerful tool kit, and enable researchers to use them to detect NPs both in the environment and in a biological milieu. (cdc.gov)
  • A serology blood test is performed to detect and measure the levels of antibodies as a result of exposure to a particular bacteria or virus. (leolabs.in)
  • The critical variable is the biochemical technique used to detect the binding of the "detector" antibody and the analyte molecule. (thinkingcapsrc.com)
  • In May 2020, ERBA Diagnostics Mannheim GmbH (Germany) launched its immunoassay-based kit-ErbaLisa COVID-19 ELISA kits-to detect IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. (thinkingcapsrc.com)
  • More rapid techniques, such as fluorescent antibody or radioimmunoassay do not have the needed sensitivity to detect the low levels of virus found in contaminated water. (arizona.edu)
  • Recent advances in recombinant DNA technology now makes it possible to detect viruses without the use of cell culture or antibodies. (arizona.edu)
  • In dot blots, we could successfully detect rabbit IgG against firefly luciferases, Limpet Haemocyanin, and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein (1-250 ng), as well as the antigen bound antibodies using either CCD imaging , and even photography using smartphones . (chagghana.org)
  • IHC employs a combination of histology, anatomy, immunology and biochemistry to detect the amount, distribution and localization of a specific target within a tissue. (technologynetworks.com)
  • These days, immunohistochemical staining is just one of several established immunostaining techniques, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, immuno-electron microscopy, and Western blotting. (news-medical.net)
  • The assay allows for the simultaneous detection of more than one type of molecule because particles of different sizes can be used to tag different antibodies. (news-medical.net)
  • Each fluorescent molecule has its specific absorption spectrum and emission spectrum (fluorescence spectrum), that is, there is a maximum absorption peak and maximum emission peak at a specific wavelength. (medicilon.com)
  • When the wavelength of the excitation light is selected to be close to the maximum absorption peak wavelength of the fluorescent molecule, and the measured light wave is close to the peak of the maximum emission light, the obtained fluorescence intensity is also maximum. (medicilon.com)
  • CoPhMoRe works when a specific polymer adsorbs to the nanoparticle surface and creates a corona that recognizes the target molecule. (mit.edu)
  • The antibodies against the molecule of interest, often a protein, are generated in an organism of a different species and are typically labeled or are aided by another set of labeled antibodies. (technologynetworks.com)
  • SYN: group i.. humoral i. i. associated with circulating antibodies, in contradistinction to cellular i.. infection i. the paradoxical immune status in which resistance to reinfection coincides with the persistence of the original infection. (theodora.com)
  • High-throughput automated fluorescent microscope imaging technologies enable the experimental determination of a protein's sub-cellular localization and its dynamic trafficking within a range of cellular contexts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These procedures allow the detection of cellular fluorescent signals throughout the brain in an unbiased manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • Indeed, numerous methods have been developed to identify specific microbes, cellular structures, DNA sequences, or indicators of infection in tissue samples, under the microscope. (openstax.org)
  • NP antibodies are not associated with protection through neutralizing activity, but VRP vaccination results in NP antibodies possessing Fc-mediated antibody effector functions, such as complement activation (ADCD) and antibody-mediated cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, the antibodies have been characterized for their binding and cross-reactivity properties to several other NPs, and some challenges associated with the isolation of the antibodies from a large library and alternative method for selection of antibodies have been discussed. (cdc.gov)
  • much of it results from body mechanisms that are poorly understood, but are different from those responsible for the altered reactivity associated with the specific nature of acquired i. (theodora.com)
  • specific i. the immune status in which there is an altered reactivity directed solely against the antigenic determinants (infectious agent or other) that stimulated it. (theodora.com)
  • This report describes generation of a recombinant Sudan virus and demonstrates its utility by quantifying antibody cross-reactivity between Ebola and Sudan virus glycoproteins after human infection or vaccination with a licensed Ebola virus vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • However, studies show varying results on NP skin penetration depending upon the NP size and surface chemistry, skin model used and the NP detection techniques employed. (cdc.gov)
  • The scFv antibodies are engineered with a FLAG tag to allow for secondary detection using standard immunohistochemistry methods. (cdc.gov)
  • The technique was first developed as a diagnostic aid that assisted in the detection and identification of viruses, such as gastroenteritis and rotavirus. (news-medical.net)
  • An alternative technique for the detection of viruses in water was sought. (arizona.edu)
  • They usually rely on colorimetric, fluorescent or chemiluminescent methods for detection. (chagghana.org)
  • Fluorescent detection probes bind the several hundred-fold amplified DNA at high density, allowing visualization of single protein-protein interactions inside an intact cell using a standard fluorescence microscope. (genengnews.com)
  • The earliest experiments for detection of smooth-muscle antibodies involved indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). (medscape.com)
  • A solution containing T. gondii antigen and conjugate (monoclonal antibody to T. gondii labeled with HRP) is added to the wells. (cdc.gov)
  • Also polyclonal antibodies are Isotype purified amd conjugated or if they are used as control non conjugated. (conzort.com)
  • Immunoglobulin gamma, IgG, mouse monoclonal H&L chain clones or rabbit, goat polyclonal antibodies have 4 parts. (igganti.com)
  • Serum antibody profiles and titers correlate with pemphigoid disease manifestations and activity. (lynniezulu.com)
  • Baseline antibody titers did not differ significantly among groups but B/Brisbane titers were too high for meaningful response assessments. (cret-signal.com)
  • Negative titers for anti-smooth-muscle antibody (ASMA) are expected in healthy individuals. (medscape.com)
  • Whole-brain volumetric microscopy techniques such as serial two-photon tomography (STPT) can provide detailed information on the roles of neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity throughout the whole brain post-stroke. (frontiersin.org)
  • For fluorescent microscopy applications, the 1 FITC is seldom used as it photo bleaches rather quickly though in flow cytometry applications, its photo bleaching effects are not observed due to a very brief interaction at the laser intercept. (conzort.com)
  • However, standard and super-resolution microscopy techniques are robust and accessible tools that can be put to use for understanding the larger scale structure and function of viruses. (leica-microsystems.com)
  • The tissue samples are prepared following specialized techniques to enable the entry of the antibodies, and the label is detected using light or electron microscopy (Figure 2). (technologynetworks.com)
  • Researchers from the Institut Pasteur and CNRS have set up a new optical microscopy approach that combines two recent imaging techniques in order to visualize molecular assemblies without affecting their biological functions, at a resolution 10 times better than that of traditional microscopes. (pasteur.fr)
  • adi FITC is highly sensitive to pH extremes.Immunoglobulin Isotype specific antibodies and controls are specific to the immunoglobulin heavy chains and immunoglobulin light chains. (conzort.com)
  • Skin tests (STs) and quantification of specific immunoglobulin E antibodies (sIgEs) can yield incongruent results. (bvsalud.org)
  • Flow cytometry techniques have undergone significant development in recent years in their ability to analyse thousands of cells per second and provide statistical information instantly. (csic.es)
  • An immunofluorescent antibody test using whole, acetone-fixed gametocytes as substrate revealed correlation between antibody titer and protection from gametocytemia among the semi-immune natives of Arso PIR, but not among the Javanese. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA) is a reliable and reproducible procedure for determining antibody levels for the indication of current or past infection with malaria [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis . (biolegend.com)
  • In recent years, several special fluorescent immunoassays have been developed, which are used in clinical tests like enzyme immunoassays and radioimmunoassays. (medicilon.com)
  • However, the global fluorescent immunoassay market is likely to get impacted by the disadvantages of fluorescent immunoassays during the forecast period. (thinkingcapsrc.com)
  • Fluorescent immunoassays are simply a different type of immunoassay. (thinkingcapsrc.com)
  • Comparatively, the new fusion protein displays slightly higher and more sustained luminescent signal when compared to commercial HRP-labeled secondary antibodies, constituting a novel promising alternative for Western Blotting and immunoassays. (chagghana.org)
  • The key difference between direct and indirect immunofluorescence is that the direct immunofluorescence uses a single antibody that works against the target of interest while the indirect immunofluorescence uses two antibodies to label the target of interest. (lynniezulu.com)
  • Sera from residual specimens from NHANES 2011-2012 participants were tested for Toxoplasma gondii by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that detects IgG and IgM antibodies against T. gondii . (cdc.gov)
  • Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were measured with two enzyme immunoassay kits (Bio-Rad, Redmond, WA). (cdc.gov)
  • Residual sample is eliminated by washing and conjugate (enzyme labeled antibodies to human IgG) is added and incubated. (cdc.gov)
  • We have already alluded to certain techniques involving stains and fluorescent dyes, and in this section we will discuss specific techniques for sample preparation in greater detail. (openstax.org)
  • Confocal image of C57BL/6 mouse lung sample acquired using the IBEX method of highly multiplexed antibody-based imaging: CD11c (magenta) in Cycle 1, CD206 (blue) in Cycle 1, and CD31 (green) in Cycle 4. (biolegend.com)
  • Iterative Bleaching Extended multi-pleXity (IBEX) is a fluorescent imaging technique capable of highly-multiplexed spatial analysis. (biolegend.com)
  • 5. Incubate for 1hr with secondary antibody (1:1000) at room temperature on gentle shaking. (studyread.com)
  • Assure the species in which primary antibody is raised and select other species raised secondary antibody. (studyread.com)
  • With the recent application of new molecular diagnostic techniques, the study of vector-borne disease problems has been enhanced. (vin.com)
  • The techniques are commonplace in biology and molecular biology labs, and are used for a variety of applications in a wide range of fields of study, from oncology to hydrobiology. (news-medical.net)
  • The final immunostaining method is the Western blot method, a widely used technique that has firmly ingrained itself in the fields of cell and molecular biology. (news-medical.net)
  • Her research has involved using molecular, cell and computational biology tools and techniques to understand the pathological mechanisms underlying neurological disorders. (technologynetworks.com)
  • A study coordinated by Dr Christophe Zimmer(1) (Institut Pasteur/CNRS), in collaboration with Dr Nathalie Arhel(2) within the lab headed by Pr Pierre Charneau(3) (Institut Pasteur/CNRS), shows that the association of two recent imaging techniques helps obtain unique images of molecular assemblies of HIV-1 capsids, with a resolution around 10 times better than that of traditional microscopes. (pasteur.fr)
  • This new imaging technique could become a key tool in the study of numerous microbial complexes and their interactions with host cells at the molecular level. (pasteur.fr)
  • They include assays for HIV SEROPOSITIVITY and HIV SERONEGATIVITY that have been developed for screening persons carrying the viral antibody from patients with overt symptoms of AIDS or AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX. (bvsalud.org)
  • Determination of specific antibodies to viral and bacterial pathogens and parasites facilitates the correct therapeutic measures. (thinkingcapsrc.com)
  • [ 6 ] These antibodies were later demonstrated to be present in other conditions, including viral hepatitis, malignancy, heroin use, and other autoimmune liver diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
  • 2 This was followed by John Richardson Marrack's work describing the nature of the antigen - antibody reaction. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Non-fluorescent TiO2 NPs were detected using simple microscopic techniques with the scFv antibody isolated against them. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the development of LSM, a variety of different microscopic techniques have been adopted to improve the multimodal capabilities for either fluorescence or reflectance modes. (nature.com)
  • Some non-fluorescent pigment substances such as methylene blue and basic fuchsin are commonly used in fluorescent antibody technology. (medicilon.com)
  • Fluorescent antibody techniques for Salmonella and other enteric pathogens. (cdc.gov)
  • In view of these observations, attempts are being made in immunotherapy and in the specific or inspecific alteration of the metabolism of neoplastic tissues. (iptq.com)
  • Anti-Mouse IgG Fc Specific, FITC Conjugated Polyclonal antibody can be used for Western blot, immunohistochemistry on frozen slices or parrafin fixed tissues. (igganti.com)
  • [ 11 ] Further studies showed that tubular smooth-muscle antibody (SMA-T) and glomerular smooth-muscle antibody (SMA-G) immunofluorescence staining patterns, which predominantly react with filamentous actin (F-actin), were the main antigenic moiety of smooth-muscle antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • In this work, we have developed antibodies to NPs from a phage library containing approximately 2x109 unique single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies each displayed monovalently on the gene III coat protein of a M13 filamentous phage. (cdc.gov)
  • Another area in which it has made a significant impact is that of genetic study, where it has been used to determine the role of specific gene products, elucidating their function in vital biological processes. (news-medical.net)
  • The minigenome system is based on the S segment of CHAV or MACV genomes expressing the fluorescent reporter gene ZsGreen (ZsG). (cdc.gov)
  • Discovery and characterization of antibodies that bind nanoparticle s. (cdc.gov)
  • T. gondii IgM antibodies in the sample that are captured on the wells bind the T. gondii antigen-complex. (cdc.gov)
  • Smooth-muscle antibodies were first discovered in 1965 by Johnson et al when they demonstrated that antibodies in the sera of patients with chronic liver disease were able to bind to the smooth muscle of rat stomachs. (medscape.com)
  • This technique takes advantage of the interactions between a given polymer and a nanoparticle surface such as that of a fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube, when the polymer is wrapped around the nanotube. (mit.edu)
  • The method relies on cyclical bleaching of panels of fluorescent antibodies in order to image and analyze many markers over multiple cycles of staining, imaging, and, bleaching. (biolegend.com)
  • Therefore, a simple economical technique which can provide information on both the presence of NPs and their form in biological systems and the environment is required. (cdc.gov)
  • We identified the lipophilic organic cation berberine, a fluorescent plant alkaloid exhibiting a broad range of biological activities, as substrate of OCT1 and OCT2 with Michaelis-Menten constants of 14.8 microM and 4.4 microM, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • The section was costained with anti-mouse Podoplanin Antibody (clone PMab-1) Alexa Fluor® 488 at 5 µg/mL (green), anti-mouse CD31 Antibody (clone MEC13.3) Alexa Fluor® 594 at 5 µg/mL (orange), and anti-Tubulin β 3 (TUBB3) Antibody (Clone TUJ1) Alexa Fluor® 647 at 5 µg/mL (magenta). (biolegend.com)
  • The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with Alexa Fluor® 594 under optimal conditions. (biolegend.com)
  • Following two-color immunfluoresence staining with lineage-specific markers, the cells were analyzed by flow-cytometric methods. (nih.gov)
  • To illustrate our imaging techniques and automated image quantification, we examined long-term post-stroke motor circuit connectivity in mice that received a motor cortex photothrombotic stroke. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results provide region-specific quantification of neural connectivity and neuroinflammation, which could be a critical tool for investigating mechanisms of not only stroke recovery, but also a wide variety of brain injuries or diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • The latter technique is advantageous because the number of steps are reduced, but some sensitivity may be lost, particularly when monoclonal antibodies are used (Salinas et al. (lynniezulu.com)
  • The probes were labeled with ³²P dCTP and ³²P dATP to a specific activity greater then 1.0 x 10⁹ cpm/ug DNA. (arizona.edu)
  • About 3,600 dual specimens blood film samples for parasite diagnosis and filter paper blood spots for serology (using the immunofluorescence antibody test) were collected from the general population, including school populations, whenever possible. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This technique involves subjecting thin specimens of rodent liver, stomach, or kidney to a patient's serum. (medscape.com)
  • Often, the experimental characterization of the immunopathological response of a specific Ehrlichia sp. (vin.com)
  • An affinity based selection technique (biopanning) is used to identify binders from the library. (cdc.gov)
  • Finally, a theoretical mechanistic algorithm is proposed that might advance discrimination between MC degranulation from MRGPRX2 activation and cross-linking of membrane-bound drug-reactive IgE antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
  • The staining patterns seen in tissue samples may be specific to a disease entity or they may need to be interpreted with the clinical and histological findings. (lynniezulu.com)
  • it may be active and specific, as a result of naturally acquired (apparent or inapparent) infection or intentional vaccination (artificial active i. (theodora.com)
  • The first exposure of an individual without antibodies against the virus is called primary infection. (bvsalud.org)