• A total of 600,000 sequencing attempts were made, generating a total of 438,321 quality ESTs. (auburn.edu)
  • In order to select reliable SNPs, contigs containing four or more ESTs should be used and the minor allele sequence should be represented at least twice. (auburn.edu)
  • Application of such quality assessment measures, along with large resources of ESTs, should provide effective means for SNP identification in species where genome sequence resources are lacking. (auburn.edu)
  • To localize wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) ESTs on chromosomes , 882 homoeologous group 6-specific ESTs were identified by physically mapping 7965 singletons from 37 cDNA libraries on 146 chromosome , arm , and sub- arm aneuploid and deletion stocks. (bvsalud.org)
  • About 43% of the wheat group 6 ESTs identified rice homologs upon comparisons of genome sequences. (bvsalud.org)
  • ESTs may be used to identify gene transcripts, and were instrumental in gene discovery and in gene-sequence determination. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because these clones consist of DNA that is complementary to mRNA, the ESTs represent portions of expressed genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • One can map ESTs to specific chromosome locations using physical mapping techniques, such as radiation hybrid mapping, Happy mapping, or FISH. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the way ESTs are sequenced, many distinct expressed sequence tags are often partial sequences that correspond to the same mRNA of an organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the complete genome sequence of an organism is available and transcripts are annotated, it is possible to bypass contig assembly and directly match transcripts with ESTs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sequencing of 16 M. persicae cDNA libraries generated 26,669 expressed sequence tags (ESTs). (nih.gov)
  • In silico analysis of the Medicago truncatula gene index release 8.0 at The Institute for Genomic Research identified about 530 putatively symbiosis-specific tentative consensus sequences (TCs) clustered from 2,700 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) derived solely from Sinorhizobium meliloti-inoculated root and nodule tissues. (usda.gov)
  • A cDNA filter array was constructed using putative symbiosis-specific ESTs as well as ESTs representing selected carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways. (usda.gov)
  • A total of 81 ESTs were upregulated in both effective and ineffective nodules, and 78% of these ESTs were identified by in silico analysis as symbiosis-specific. (usda.gov)
  • The short cDNA sequence Fragments when making this method are called expressed sequence tags , or ESTs. (multi-mania.be)
  • We have identified four members of this subfamily in Arabidopsis thaliana, one of them with associated expressed sequence tags (ESTs). (usu.edu)
  • Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) isolated from a chicken pineal gland cDNA library. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • 6% of the ESTs matched neither GenBank cDNA sequences nor the newly assembled chicken genomic DNA sequence, three ESTs aligned with sequences designated to be on the Z_random, while one matched a W chromosome sequence and could be useful in cataloguing functionally important genes on this sex chromosome. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Additionally, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified and validated in 10 ESTs that showed 98% or higher sequence similarity to known chicken genes. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • Single pass sequencing of such libraries will be used to create a catalogue of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) that will be used to develop single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers. (europa.eu)
  • Among the matched sequences, ESTs were identified from tissues other than berries or from berries at different developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additional MPSS signatures not matching to known grape ESTs can extend our knowledge of the V. vinifera transcriptome, particularly when these data are used to assist in annotation of whole genome sequences from Vitis vinifera . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Rhodopsin family accounts for ~68% of the Ciona GPCR repertoire wherein the LGR-like subfamily exhibits a lineage specific gene expansion of a group of receptors that possess a novel domain organisation hitherto unobserved in metazoan genomes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our specific objectives are to develop genomic resources for blueberry, which include expressed sequence tag (EST) libraries, EST-derived molecular markers, and genetic linkage maps in diploid and tetraploid blueberries. (usda.gov)
  • Therefore comparative genomic analysis of T . equi was undertaken to: 1) identify genes contributing to immune evasion and persistence in equid hosts, 2) identify genes involved in PBMC infection biology and 3) define the phylogenetic position of T . equi relative to sequenced apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparative genomic analysis of T . equi revealed the phylogenetic positioning relative to seven apicomplexan parasites using deduced amino acid sequences from 150 genes placed it as a sister taxon to Theileria spp . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we have described resources that may be useful in comparative and functional genomic analysis of genes expressed in an important organ, the pineal gland, in a model and agriculturally important organism. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • We have shown that approximately 14% of the newly sequencedexpressed sequence tags map completely or partially to genomic regions where there are no annotated genes orsplice variants and therefore, imply that these are novel genetic structures. (sfu.ca)
  • Here we used a genomic approach to discover genes responsible for the determination of a specific alkaloid profile. (wustl.edu)
  • These tag-based technologies, which do not require a priori knowledge of genomic sequence, are well-suited for transcriptional profiling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After Blast analysis within GenBank, 64% could be identified, 21% were homologous to unannotated expressed sequence tag (EST) or genomic sequences, and 15% were novel. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a type of microarray now routinely used to identify deleted or duplicated regions of DNA sequence in specific chromosomes on a genome-wide basis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This large scale EST sequencing project would allow the identification of majority of catfish transcriptome. (auburn.edu)
  • EST approaches have largely been superseded by whole genome and transcriptome sequencing and metagenome sequencing. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2009-2010, transcriptome sequences were generated from highbush fruit at different stages of development, flower buds at different stages of cold acclimation, and leaves by "next generation" 454 sequencing. (usda.gov)
  • The BioProject database is a searcheable collection of complete and incomplete (in-progress) large-scale molecular projects including genome sequencing and assembly, transcriptome, metagenomic, annotation, expression and mapping projects. (nih.gov)
  • Transcriptome analysis has facilitated the development of molecular markers such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and potential intron polymorphisms (PIPs) that are being used to expedite the chickpea breeding programmes. (intechopen.com)
  • Our results revealed that the trichome-specific transcriptome approach is a powerful tool to investigate the defensive functions of trichomes against both abiotic and biotic stress. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • In 1982, the idea of selecting random or semi-random clones from such a cDNA library for sequencing was explored by Greg Sutcliffe and coworkers. (wikipedia.org)
  • sequenced 178 clones from a rabbit muscle cDNA library. (wikipedia.org)
  • Single pass sequencing of cDNA clones provides a rapid route to gene discovery and production of EST's (2). (le.ac.uk)
  • Systematic sequencing of cDNA clones derived from xylem and leaf tissue will produce a new generation of research tools for conifer biology. (le.ac.uk)
  • An analysis of 555 randomly chosen clones in the library showed that 80 were derived from abundant mRNAs and were accounted for by 29 distinct sequences. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Genes known to be highly expressed in β-cells were represented at a high frequency, namely insulin (15 of 80 clones), islet amyloid polypeptide (8 of 80 clones), proinsulin convertase 1 (6 of 80 clones), and neuropeptide Y (2 of 80 clones). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Almost 2,000 expressed sequence tag (EST) cDNA clones were sequenced to analyze gene expression in control and Cd-treated leaf trichomes. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • analyzed an expressed sequence tag (EST) database of the model legume M. truncatula and determined and characterized putative gene products or tentative consensus sequences (TCs) specifically expressed in root nodules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 1991, Adams and co-workers coined the term EST and initiated more systematic sequencing as a project (starting with 600 brain cDNAs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Segregating populations will be characterised with both single locus (microsatellites) and multi-locus (AFLPs) marker systems providing framework maps for the eventual location of cDNAs generated from single pass sequencing. (le.ac.uk)
  • Partial cDNA (DNA, COMPLEMENTARY) sequences that are unique to the cDNAs from which they were derived. (ouhsc.edu)
  • A polymerase chain reaction-based subtractive hybridization procedure was applied to cDNAs prepared from mouse insulinoma (βTC3) and glucagonoma (αTC2) cell lines to construct a library of cDNAs that are highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Of these, 17 were identical or homologous to known mammalian cDNAs or expressed sequence tags. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Gene expression analysis of these sequences in P. bracteatum, P. somniferum and P. somniferum 'Noscapine' exhibited 39 cDNAs showing differential expression coincident with morphine accumulation. (wustl.edu)
  • The derived amino acid sequence of Ov-phy-1 encoded a peptide that was most similar to the two Caenorhabditis elegans prolyl 4-hydroxylase homologues and to the isoform II enzymes of vertebrates. (embl.de)
  • The inter- and intra- specific SNPs identified from all catfish EST dataset assembly will greatly benefit the catfish introgression breeding selection and whole genome association studies. (auburn.edu)
  • Sequencing of the A. oryzae genome was accomplished using the whole-genome shotgun (WGS) approach. (nature.com)
  • In genetics, an expressed sequence tag (EST) is a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exome sequencing (ES) is increasingly used as part of the genetics evaluation of neurodevelopmental disorders, and acute illness in newborns of suspected genetic origin, among others. (cdc.gov)
  • Based on the high sequence conservation within the conserved domains, we suggest that these proteins could have a regulatory function. (usu.edu)
  • Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that antipathogenic T-phylloplanin-like proteins, glutathione peroxidase and several classes of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were expressed specifically or dominantly in trichomes. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • Cysteine-rich PR proteins, such as non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) and metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitors, are candidates for the sequestration of metals. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • An examination of the content and distribution of repetitive DNA sequences to identify the location of such sequences within specific chromosomes and their conservation across species of the Pinaceae family. (le.ac.uk)
  • Fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) on metaphase chromosomes and on extended chromatin will be used to physically locate repetitive as well as single copy DNA sequences on conifer chromosomes and to integrate physical and genetic maps. (le.ac.uk)
  • Here we performed mRNA profiling using Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS) and combined it with available Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sequence depth of MPSS allowed us to capture and quantify almost all the transcripts at a specific stage in the development of the grape berry. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The number and relative abundance of transcripts from stage II grape berries was defined using Massively Parallel Signature Sequencing (MPSS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene expression in hESC has been investigated by a variety of techniques including massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS), serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), expressed sequence tag (EST) scan, large scale microarrays, focused cDNA microarrays, and immunocytochemistry [5-7]. (health-ground.com)
  • We developed a microarray-based approach for the systematic discovery of tissue-specific genes and, by applying it to Foxo3 ovaries and other samples, defined a surprisingly large set of ovarian factors (n = 348, approximately 1% of the mouse genome). (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • Suchapplication of this new sequencing technique allows for high-throughput, genome-wide experimental verificationof known and novel transcripts. (sfu.ca)
  • Fedorova M, van de Mortel J, Matsumoto PA, Cho J, Town CD, Vandenbosch KA, Gantt JS, Vance CP: Genome-wide identification of nodule-specific transcripts in the model legume Medicago truncatula . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the expressed sequence tag able to underline intra-species differentiation are not yet identified, beyond a few plastidial markers. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Comparison of the three aspergilli species revealed the presence of syntenic blocks and A. oryzae -specific blocks (lacking synteny with A. nidulans and A. fumigatus ) in a mosaic manner throughout the genome of A. oryzae . (nature.com)
  • Papaver species are known to produce a large variety of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, with each species exhibiting a specific alkaloid profile, but only a few genes involved in the biosynthesis or regulation of these complex pathways are known so far. (wustl.edu)
  • What's the "value" of exome sequencing in children with neurodevelopmental disorders? (cdc.gov)
  • This technology involves breaking the entire genome into small segments, sequencing the segments, and then reassembling the sequences using intensive computational techniques to provide the base-by-base sequence of the entire genome or more limited regions, such as the expressed portion of the genome known as the exome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, the sheer volume of information generated by sequencing the exome or genome results in a variety of interpretive problems that complicate understanding of the results. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These include previously unknown sequence data, a collection of expressed genes, molecular markers, and a DNA microarray that can be used to study aphid gene expression. (nih.gov)
  • Over the last two decades, several laboratories have used a wide range of techniques encompassing expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), microarray and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for analysing the chickpea transcriptomes. (intechopen.com)
  • Methods and Results: We have performed a bioinformatics screen using microarray and expressed-sequence tag databases to identify potential new CTAs. (longdom.org)
  • Venter believed therein shotgun sequencing was the fastest and must effective way to get useful human genome data. (multi-mania.be)
  • [26] The goal of the company was to sequence the entire human genome and release it into tje public domain for non-commercial use in much less time and for much less cost dan the public human genome project. (multi-mania.be)
  • Governments in the industrialized countries have handed over the human genome to private ownership together with the most triumphant hyperboles to boot, notwithstanding that it was mapped and sequenced at great public expense. (biosafety-info.net)
  • The Human Genome Project, (HGP) an international public consortium of research laboratories led by the United States, and Celera, a private American company, made the announcement jointly, ending months of competition to complete the first sequence of the human genome. (biosafety-info.net)
  • The human genome has been sequenced separately and independently with major public finance, from the United States and the European Community. (biosafety-info.net)
  • Celera kept its own human genome data secret while benefiting from free access to the public database throughout the period that the company was busy sequencing, thereby significantly reducing the time and effort needed to complete the task. (biosafety-info.net)
  • Of these unique sequences, over 35% had significant similarities to known genes by BLASTX searches, which allowed the identification of 14,776 unique genes in the catfish. (auburn.edu)
  • The tagged DNA binds to its complementary DNA segment and can be detected by measuring the amount and type of fluorescence. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Sub-sets of 336 EST-derived simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 768 SNPs were further used for high-density genetic mapping of a biparental faba bean mapping population (Icarus × Ascot) that segregates for resistance to ascochyta blight. (pulsedb.org)
  • One group of symbiosis-specific transcripts identified by the in silico analysis encodes eight genes with similarity to putative plant disease resistance (R) genes. (usda.gov)
  • The expression of symbiosis-specific R genes was enhanced in effective nodules, but transcripts were also detected in ineffective nodules at 14 days post-inoculation (dpi). (usda.gov)
  • Using this approach, we have generated a large amount of data forexpressed sequence tags, which provides an opportunity for the discovery of putative novel transcripts andalternative splice variants that could be developmentally specific to the first larval stage. (sfu.ca)
  • Expressedsequence tags, which map across intron-exon boundaries (around 300), indicate possible alternative splice sites,while expressed sequence tags, which map near the ends of known transcripts (around 600), suggest extensionof the coding or untranslated regions. (sfu.ca)
  • Gene expression analyses using NGS platforms were carried out in the vegetative and reproductive tissues such as shoot, root, mature leaf, flower bud, young pod, seed and nodule by various groups which resulted in identification of several tissue-specific transcripts. (intechopen.com)
  • They may be represented in databases as either cDNA/mRNA sequence or as the reverse complement of the mRNA, the template strand. (wikipedia.org)
  • This lack of increase contrasts with previous reports as does the mRNA length: this is 50% larger as confirmed by sequencing the 3' end. (embl.de)
  • Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis and developmental polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies demonstrated that Ov-phy-1 was expressed in L3 and adult parasites. (embl.de)
  • 2007. Expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • Over 300,000 putative SNPs have been identified, of which over 48,000 are high quality SNPs as defined by contig size of at least four sequences and the minor allele presence of at least twice in the contig. (auburn.edu)
  • The diversity among GPCRs primarily stem from the presence of characteristic N-terminal extracellular domains and C-terminal intracellular domains and to a relatively lesser extent from the connecting loops which share limited sequence similarity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequences carrying the polymorphisms that distinguished wild and cultivated olives were analyzed and annotated, allowing to identify 124 candidate genes that have a functional role in flower development, stress response, or involvement in important metabolic pathways. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • A total of 14,552 base variants were identified from a faba bean expressed sequence tag (EST) database, and were further quality assessed to obtain a set of 822 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). (pulsedb.org)
  • Next-generation sequencing technologies have dramatically changed the approach to genetic diagnosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This revolutionary and rapidly evolving technology has moved a significant portion of the technical aspects of genetic diagnosis to next-generation sequencing and has become the mainstay of genetic diagnosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In particular, non-conservative amino acid substitutions in a highly expressed gut protease may be of adaptive significance for M. persicae feeding on different host plants. (nih.gov)
  • B-cell translocation gene 4, cullin 1, MCF.2 transforming sequence, a locus similar to snail soma ferritin, and three unidentified genes were, indeed, preferentially expressed in the oocyte, even though most were also highly expressed in testis. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • In contrast, the gene sequences and gene maps produced by the public consortium have been deposited regularly within 24 hours of completion in GenBank, a public database set up in the early 1980s when DNA sequencing began, access to which is totally free. (biosafety-info.net)
  • QP10454 protein expressed in E. coli. (enquirebio.com)
  • From these findings it was at the time concluded that B. subtilis Fp is not flavinylated in E. coli because one or more host-specific factors are required or flavinylation is somehow prevented. (lu.se)
  • Comparative profiling of other tissues, including microdissected oocytes and somatic cells, revealed distinct gene classes and provided new insights into oogenesis and ovarian function, demonstrating the utility of our approach for tissue-specific gene discovery. (appliedbioinfo.com)
  • An EST results from one-shot sequencing of a cloned cDNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Options include popular configurable preset facet filters to help focus on specific kinds of results, an Advanced Search interface that facilitates constructing more sophisticated queries. (nih.gov)
  • The results are reported as relative luminescence units and as an index of relative specific autoimmune reactivity compared to non-specific/heterophilic IgG binding to albumin. (cdc.gov)
  • Representatives of five payers that reported covering pediatric ES expressed concerns about potentially inappropriate use or expanding indications and difficulty interpreting test results. (cdc.gov)
  • Of the nodule-specific TCs, 91 were analyzed by DNA macroarray to confirm their enhanced expression in nodules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence based assays will be developed following the creation of cDNA libraries from selected tissues of A. senegal. (europa.eu)
  • Sec31B is widely expressed and enriched in cerebellum and testis. (biologists.com)
  • During this process and the subsequent rehydration, metabolites were measured in a time series by GC-MS. Additionally expressed sequence tags are available, especially libraries generated from the active and inactive state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We conclude that Sec31B-F contributes to the diversity of the mammalian COPII coat, and speculate that the Sec31 cage, like Sec24, might be built with isoforms tuned to specific types of cargo or to other specialized functions. (biologists.com)
  • The transporter was identified by probing a mammalian-expressed sequence tag database with 2 fungal mitochondrial ornithine carrier protein sequences. (medscape.com)
  • In vitro production of enzymatically active O. volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase should facilitate identification of specific inhibitors of the parasite enzyme. (embl.de)
  • 2009. Identification and functional characterisation of effectors in expressed sequence tags from various life cycle stages of the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida . (hutton.ac.uk)
  • A computer comparison of thousands of genes expressed in nodules with genes expressed in roots identified 530 genes that potentially are expressed during the symbiotic interaction. (usda.gov)
  • Also, genes for enzymes in the pathways for production of organic acids and for nitrogen uptake compounds were simultaneously expressed at similar levels in nitrogen-fixing nodules. (usda.gov)
  • The computer comparison of genes accurately identified 78% of the genes to be expressed in nodules. (usda.gov)
  • A majority (53%) of the putatively symbiosis-specific TCs were derived exclusively from nitrogen-fixing and senescent nodules. (usda.gov)
  • Genes for enzymes involved in organic acid synthesis (carbonic anhydrase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase, and citrate synthase) along with genes involved in nitrogen metabolism (asparagine synthetase and glutamine synthetase) were co-expressed in effective nodules of M. truncatula. (usda.gov)
  • The expression level of all TCs was at least twofold higher in nodules compared to roots, and when compared to leaves, the expression level of as many as 72 of those TCs was at least twofold higher, supporting their assignment as nodule-specific. (biomedcentral.com)
  • determined a large collection of TCs that are specifically expressed in nodules of the model legume M. truncatula , and may, therefore, act in nodulation and/or nitrogen fixation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Specific expansion of genes for secretory hydrolytic enzymes, amino acid metabolism and amino acid/sugar uptake transporters supports the idea that A. oryzae is an ideal microorganism for fermentation. (nature.com)
  • epithelial cells of the small intestine and kidney also express these enzymes to a lesser extent, but their contribution to urea production is not significant. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, the increase in genome size seems to be due to an A. oryzae lineage-specific acquisition of sequence, rather than loss of sequence in A. nidulans and A. fumigatus . (nature.com)
  • In the present work, more than 1000 transcript-specific SNP markers obtained by the genotyping of 260 individuals were studied. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • This is evident at the subfamily level comparisons since Ciona GPCR sequences are significantly analogous to vertebrate GPCR subfamilies even while exhibiting Ciona specific genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The blocks of A. oryzae -specific sequence are enriched for genes involved in metabolism, particularly those for the synthesis of secondary metabolites. (nature.com)
  • These motifs contain 2 hydrophobic alpha-helical segments connected by an extensive hydrophilic sequence, resulting in 6 transmembrane portions of the protein. (medscape.com)
  • Gene probes can be used to locate specific segments of normal or mutated DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
  • We do not observe animal homologues, suggesting that this subfamily could be specific for plants. (usu.edu)
  • The resulting sequence is a relatively low-quality fragment whose length is limited by current technology to approximately 500 to 800 nucleotides. (wikipedia.org)
  • In silico comparison of cDNA libraries identified aphid genes with tissue-specific expression patterns, and gene expression that is induced by feeding on Nicotiana benthamiana. (nih.gov)
  • In the Fp subunit of SQR, and the closely related membrane-associated fumarate reductase of anaerobic organisms, FAD is covalently attached via an 8α-N(3)-histidyl linkage to a histidine (His) in a conserved sequence in the N-terminal part of the polypeptide. (lu.se)