• Another distinguishing characteristic of σ54 proteins is their absolute requirement for activator proteins, known as bacterial enhancer binding proteins (bEBPs), to initiate transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)
  • they do not create new genes, new proteins, or enzymes. (creation.com)
  • The ProQ/FinO family of RNA binding proteins mediate sRNA-directed gene regulation throughout gram-negative bacteria. (nature.com)
  • Proteins found in any species of bacterium. (lookformedical.com)
  • Three of the six up-regulated genes encode potential zinc transporter proteins (ZnuA1, ZnuB1, ZnuC1) suggesting involvement of s479 in regulation of zinc transport. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Interestingly, s479 is not only encoded next to CRISPR-cas genes but the mature s479 contains a crRNA-like 5´ handle and experiments with Cas protein deletion strains indicate maturation by Cas6 and interaction with Cas proteins. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • In Podospora anserina VI is controlled by members of the hnwd gene family encoding for proteins analogous to NOD Like Receptors (NLR) immune receptors in eukaryotes. (hal.science)
  • Genes involved in response to oxidative stress, or encoding small secreted proteins are essentially expressed in response to bacteria, while genes encoding NLR proteins are expressed during VI. (hal.science)
  • P. aeruginosa responded to spaceflight conditions through differential regulation of 167 genes and 28 proteins, with Hfq as a global transcriptional regulator. (sckcen.be)
  • The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. (springer.com)
  • The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. (springer.com)
  • The significantly upregulated genes encode proteins involved in reactions of the energy-generating phosphotransferase system and transcription processing, which could be related to phage transcription. (lu.se)
  • The course comprises molecular biology of genes, proteins, multicomponent protein complexes, and other biomolecules that provide structure and perform the organism's functions. (lu.se)
  • The gene rpoN (RNA polymerase, nitrogen-limitation N) encodes the sigma factor sigma-54 (σ54, sigma N, or RpoN), a protein in Escherichia coli and other species of bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Resistance to antimicrobial drugs of convenience, the examples will be taken mainly from in bacteria can result from mutations in housekeeping the work carried out in the author's laboratory, although structural or regulatory genes. (cdc.gov)
  • likely protects them occur at the level of the bacteria (clonal spread), replicons from contact with foreign DNA and accounts for their (plasmid epidemics), or of the genes (transposons). (cdc.gov)
  • PERSPECTIVES antimicrobial drugs in animal feed also leads to the selec- tion of a pool of resistance genes that can be transferred to commensal bacteria in the human digestive tract and thus ultimately to human pathogens, even when selective pres- sure is absent (10). (cdc.gov)
  • Research in the Paczkowski laboratory focuses on the mechanisms of regulation of quorum sensing (QS) in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Vibrio cholerae , Aeromonas hydrophila , and Chromobacterium violaceum . (wadsworth.org)
  • QS allows bacteria to synchronously alter gene expression patterns that underpin collective behaviors. (wadsworth.org)
  • Learning how bacteria correctly interpret these blends of AIs and elicit appropriate gene expression responses is essential to understand how bacteria communicate, and, more globally, to understand how all organisms decode environmental stimuli. (wadsworth.org)
  • We use a combination of bacterial genetics, biochemistry, structural biology, and chemical biology to understand how bacteria respond appropriately to signals in a complex environment. (wadsworth.org)
  • It occurs either by bacteria exchanging with one another the genes that confer resistance, or by an individual bacterium becoming resistant through mutations in its own genes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Given the high number of virulence factors present in these bacteria, and the niche-specific role many of them play during different stages of the infectious process, gene expression must be finely tuned in order to efficiently coordinate their expression, and also continue to preserve energy pools. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to the free-living, or planktonic, bacteria commonly studied in the lab, most prokaryotes in nature settle down in complex communities, often consisting of several interacting species. (the-scientist.com)
  • Bacteria sense these microenvironments and adapt by up or down regulating the expression of certain genes to influence different cell processes. (the-scientist.com)
  • The analysis confirmed earlier findings that several other types of bacteria are also heritable, but specific genes connected to those differences were not found. (eurekalert.org)
  • CRISPR is a tool developed in the past decade that has made it dramatically easier to make precise edits to the genes of everything from viruses and bacteria to mosquitos and humans. (vox.com)
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
  • A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. (lookformedical.com)
  • When compared to the human genome, the genome of bacteria contains 200 times the number of genes. (delvens.com)
  • Transcriptional responses to both bacteria largely overlap, however the number of genes regulated and magnitude of regulation is more important when P. anserina survives. (hal.science)
  • Transcriptional responses to bacteria also overlap with the VI reaction for both up or down regulated gene sets. (hal.science)
  • The aim of this study is to understand if the production of GABA in bifidobacteria is a strain-specific feature, analyzing the genomic sequence of 1,022 bifidobacterial strains belonging to the currently known 77 Bifidobacterium taxa, representing 70 species and seven subspecies, coupling the in silico information with an in vitro measurements of GABA levels generated by these bacteria. (nature.com)
  • This study also identified 43 growth-impairing inserts carrying multiple loci targeting 105 genes, of which 25 have homologs reported as essential in other bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Encapsulated bacteria, most commonly Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by Haemophilus influenzae type b and staphylococcal species, are the typical pathogens. (medscape.com)
  • The realization of the vastness of bacterial diversity and the development of novel experimental techniques have propelled molecular microbiology into a new era of investigation This course provides insights into how genes are organized and regulated in bacteria and in their viruses. (lu.se)
  • CYS-3 also directly regulated the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial electron transfer. (escholarship.org)
  • 2022 ) Gene Expression Regulation in Airway Pathogens: Importance for Otitis Media. (lu.se)
  • In the United States alone, at least 2 million people per year become infected with drug-resistant bacterial pathogens[1], and this number is much higher in developing nations such as China, Russia, Brazil, and India[2-4]. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • In addition, outof the "serious threats" pathogens, 7 of the 12 species belonged to GNB. (juniperpublishers.com)
  • Furthermore, this research field allows the unveiling of novel connections between low-fluid-shear regions encountered by pathogens during their natural infection process and bacterial virulence. (sckcen.be)
  • Targeting of novel essential pathways is expected to play an important role in the discovery of new antibacterial agents against bacterial pathogens, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , that are difficult to control because of their ability to develop resistance, often multiple, to all current classes of clinical antibiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ABSTRACT We aimed to identify bacterial pathogens/contaminants in dairy product samples collected by environmental health inspectors of the Palestinian Ministry of Health from 2001-04. (who.int)
  • Construction of Escherichia coli K-12 in-frame, single-gene knockout mutants: the Keio collection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The udhA gene of Escherichia coli encodes a soluble pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Lysine represses transcription of the Escherichia coli dapB gene by preventing its activation by the ArgP activator. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • To identify Escherichia coli genes potentially regulated by filamentous phage infection, we used oligonucleotide microarrays. (lu.se)
  • Therefore, it is important to describe their mechanisms of actions, expression patterns and possible target genes and cellular pathways with which they interact. (mdpi.com)
  • During sulfur starvation, genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, such as amino acid and nucleic acid metabolic pathways, along with genes encoding proteases and nucleases that are necessary for scavenging nitrogen, were activated. (escholarship.org)
  • The DEGs in different fish species were also representative of specific immune-related pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • The discovery of novel essential genes or pathways that have not yet been targeted by clinical antibiotics can underlie the development of alternative effective antibacterials to overcome existing mechanisms of resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among their findings are new genes and pathways related to inflammatory bowel disease, hundreds of genes that appear to control different traits through effects in different cell types, and a role for the mitochondrial metabolism-related gene PPIF in tuning mitochondrial function in macrophages. (genomeweb.com)
  • No genes belonging to any known E. coli stress response pathways were scored as upregulated. (lu.se)
  • Transcriptional regulation of the genes in metabolic pathways is a highly successful strategy, which is virtually universal in microorganisms. (lu.se)
  • Citation: Troein C, Ahre´n D, Krogh M, Peterson C (2007) Is Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolic Pathways an Optimal Strategy for Fitness? (lu.se)
  • A number of studies have explored how regulation of generally, and at least to a first approximation, it is obvious that metabolic pathways affects the growth rate of microorganisms, gene regulation only is useful if the environmental conditions vary both in the steady state and in response to changes in the local with time. (lu.se)
  • He used a tool known as parallel sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (par-seqFISH) on populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a species often found in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis. (the-scientist.com)
  • Those c-di GMP-dependent riboswitches are present in various bacterial species but they have not been identified in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (spp1879.de)
  • Transcriptional and proteomic responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to spaceflight conditions involve Hfq regulation and reveal a role for oxygen. (sckcen.be)
  • Epistasis between antibiotic resistance mutations and genetic background shape the fitness effect of resistance across species of Pseudomonas. (ox.ac.uk)
  • present a gut microbiome analysis of 1,126 twin pairs, which extends the association between host genetics and select bacterial taxa. (eurekalert.org)
  • Whether these resistance mutations are having parallel effects on fitness across bacterial taxa, however, is unclear. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Further research should focus on the effects of programming on gene expression, immune function, gut microbiome, sex-specific effects and maternal behaviour of offspring, especially comparative studies of gestational periods when PMS is applied, continual studies of programming effects on offspring and treatment strategies that effectively reverse the detrimental programming effects of prenatal stress. (bvsalud.org)
  • We set out to find out about human genes that are implicated in the regulation of the gut microbiome, and we found some that are," says senior author Ruth Ley, an Associate Professor in the Department of Microbiology at Cornell University and the study's senior author. (eurekalert.org)
  • To understand the relationship between our bacterial microbiome and health, it is essential to define the microbiome in the absence of disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We describe the bacterial community composition of ten digestive tract sites from more than 200 normal adults enrolled in the Human Microbiome Project, and metagenomically determined metabolic potentials of four representative sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bacterial microbiome of the human digestive tract contributes to both health and disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are hundreds of distinct bacterial species in the microbiome, with the majority of them found mostly in the mouth, vagina, and mouth. (delvens.com)
  • The gut microbiome is a crucial component of the immune system since it aids in the regulation of digestion and the improvement of immunity. (delvens.com)
  • He is director of research at CNRS and, since 2001, is the head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics which, for more than 30 years, has been studying the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway as a whole. (degruyter.com)
  • This Special Issue of "Genes" seeks reviews and original papers covering a wide range of topics related to microRNA biology, such as regulation of expression in various disorders (cancer, metabolism, autoimmunity to mention but a few), genetics of microRNAs and their target sites, functional analysis of microRNA function and studies of interactions between microRNAs and target genes. (mdpi.com)
  • The results, revealing new examples of heritable bacterial species--including those related to diet preference, metabolism, and immune defense--appear May 11 in Cell Host & Microbe 's special issue on the "Genetics and Epigenetics of Host-Microbe Interactions. (eurekalert.org)
  • So, if you are a Master's student looking for a challenging but also rewarding research project, who is interested in bacterial genetics, we encourage you to apply to our project. (lu.se)
  • The creation and isolation of specific mutants is a cornerstone of bacterial genetics. (lu.se)
  • which remain susceptible to most antimicrobial drugs ing structural or regulatory genes or from acquiring foreign even though they can acquire plasmids from both entero- genetic information. (cdc.gov)
  • The investigators used the genome-wide association approach to look for connections between genetic variations between twin pairs and certain bacterial types that were present and stable in the study subjects. (eurekalert.org)
  • Gene drives allow humans to change the genetic makeup of a species by changing the DNA of a few individuals that then spread the modification throughout an entire population. (vox.com)
  • Here we investigated PntAB and UdhA regulation by studying transcriptional responses to environmental and genetic perturbations. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • However, even when the two organisms in question are in close proximity to each other, such as in a symbiotic or parasitic relationship, the transfer of genetic material and its introduction into a new genome only marks the initial step for successful horizontal gene transfer. (phys.org)
  • Newly created genome-wide maps of more than 6 million enhancer-gene connections and their use in interpreting the functions of disease-related genetic variants are reported in Nature this week . (genomeweb.com)
  • In the paper, a team led by Broad Institute scientists use their activity-by-contact model, which predicts which enhancers regulate which genes, to create enhancer-gene maps in 131 human cell types and tissues, then apply the maps to analyze fine-mapped genetic variants associated with 72 diseases and complex traits. (genomeweb.com)
  • These results demonstrate the high resolution with which WGS can aid molecular investigation of diphtheria outbreaks, through the quantification of bacterial genetic relatedness, as well as the detection of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance markers among case isolates. (cdc.gov)
  • 5. Most countries in the African Region have no specific regulations and policies governing genetic manipulations for assisted conception, treatment and research. (who.int)
  • 2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)
  • In this context, DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) play an important regulatory role by either repressing or activating genes in response to environmental and physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During sulfur starvation, the transcription factor CYS-3 is responsible for upregulation of genes involved in sulfur uptake and assimilation. (escholarship.org)
  • The CYS-3 transcription factor bound the promoters and regulated genes involved in sulfur metabolism. (escholarship.org)
  • We also used DNA affinity purification sequencing to identify the direct downstream targets of the transcription factor responsible for regulating genes involved in sulfur uptake and assimilation. (escholarship.org)
  • Along with genes involved in sulfur metabolism, this transcription factor regulated a number of uncharacterized transporter genes and genes involved in mitochondrial electron transfer. (escholarship.org)
  • The physiological conditions experienced by a microbial community can thus be inferred using meta-transcriptomic sequencing by comparing transcription levels of specifically chosen genes. (osti.gov)
  • Sample-specific meta-genomic assembled genomes (MAGs) were used as reference genomes to accurately identify the origin of RNA reads, and transcript ratios of genes with opposite transcription responses were compared to eliminate biases related to differences in organismal abundance, an approach hereafter named the "diametric ratio" method. (osti.gov)
  • Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. (lookformedical.com)
  • By testing pntAB and udhA GFP reporter constructs in the background of WT E. coli and 62 transcription factor mutants during growth on different carbon sources, we show distinct transcriptional regulation of the two transhydrogenase promoters. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) is a transcription factor responsible for the regulation of cellular redox balance and protective antioxidant and phase II detoxification responses in mammals [ 1 , 2 ]. (springer.com)
  • Nrf2 stabilization and increase in its half-life even to 200 min [ 9 ] allows nuclear translocation and activation of transcription of cytoprotective genes (Fig. 1 ). (springer.com)
  • The analysis revealed altered transcription levels of 12 E. coli genes in response to phage infection, and the observed regulation of phage genes correlated with the known in vivo pattern of M13 mRNA species. (lu.se)
  • The gene expression analysis demonstrated that bacterial GE-encoding genes were differentially expressed as response to different carbon sources. (proteopedia.org)
  • We demonstrated that only 39 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were present in all species. (frontiersin.org)
  • To understand how bacterial lifestyle influences the evolution antimicrobial resistance, strains of the bacterium A.baumannii were experimentally evolved either in liquid culture ( A ) or as biolfims on plastic beads ( B ). Santos-Lopez et al. (elifesciences.org)
  • Even though diverse strains of S. aureus have been extensively studied, and subjected to genome sequencing, the function of a large proportion of their genes remains unidentified. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we examine the conservation of 135 USA300 TFs amongst 11 other S. aureus strains, identifying a key group of regulators that display a high degree of conservation, including many that have previously been demonstrated to play a role in virulence gene regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To decipher the molecular basis for the variation in expression and protein production among strains, different regulation levels were analyzed in representative clinical isolates and reference strains. (cnrs.fr)
  • Proteome comparison of wild type and deletion strains further expanded the regulon of s479 deeply rooting this sRNA within the metabolism of H. volcanii especially the regulation of transporter abundance. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Recently, the term "psychobiotic" has been introduced to designate live bacterial strains, including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which are able to influence the CNS function 8 . (nature.com)
  • Antibiotic resistance often evolves by mutations at conserved sites in essential genes, resulting in parallel molecular evolution between divergent bacterial strains and species. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Over time, OspC genes were transferred between strains through recombinations involving the whole or parts of the gene and one or both flanks. (cdc.gov)
  • Her lab is interested in investigating how transcriptional networks underlie the regulation of gene expression during biofilm development. (ucmerced.edu)
  • Clearly, interspecies bacterial communication influences the regulation of gene expression. (asmblog.org)
  • two protein structures were solved, and insights into their regulation and biological roles were gained through gene expression analysis and enzymatic assays on complex biomass. (proteopedia.org)
  • PMS can impair birthweight, regulate the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, modify behavioural patterns and cognitive abilities and alter gene expression and brain morphology in offspring. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additionally, CYS-3 directly activated the expression of a number of uncharacterized transporter genes, suggesting that regulation of sulfur import is an important aspect of regulation by CYS-3. (escholarship.org)
  • Sulfur starvation also caused changes in the expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as those encoding glycosyl hydrolases. (escholarship.org)
  • In our proposed project, you would investigate expression regulation in clinically significant bacterium non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). (lu.se)
  • Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes. (lookformedical.com)
  • We conclude that RpoH itself regulates clpQ + Y + gene expression. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • Conserved RNA domains located in the 5´UTR of mRNAs have been demonstrated to be c-di-GMP targets and to affect gene expression via the formation of riboswitches. (spp1879.de)
  • In this project we will apply extensive RNA profiling and systematically monitor cellular translation processes by ribosome profiling in order to specifically analyze the influence of c-di-GMP as post - transcriptional modulators of gene expression in P. aeruginosa . (spp1879.de)
  • Whether the observed changes in pathogenesis-related gene expression in response to spaceflight culture could lead to an alteration of virulence in P. aeruginosa remains to be determined and will be important for infectious disease risk assessment and prevention, both during spaceflight missions and for the general public. (sckcen.be)
  • To also target low expressed essential genes, we included some variant steps that were expected to overcome the non-stringent regulation of the promoter carried by the expression vector used for the shotgun antisense libraries. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the first time in P. aeruginosa , we applied regulated antisense RNA expression and showed the feasibility of this technology for the identification of novel essential genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We showed that a region adjacent to the cellulose synthase gene is responsible for its specific epidermal expression," study coauthor Yosuke Ogura says. (phys.org)
  • The GC-specificity and epidermal expression of AP-2 meant that the introduced cellulose synthase gene could immediately be expressed in its new surroundings in a beneficial way. (phys.org)
  • These findings provide interesting insight into one way in which the conditions in the new host can facilitate expression of a newly transferred gene and its integration into the host's functions, reducing the improbability that a randomly inserted foreign gene could actually be beneficial. (phys.org)
  • Much of this work is carried out in the species Candida albicans, the most prevalent fungal pathogen of humans. (ucmerced.edu)
  • The lab is also beginning to study interspecies interactions between different fungal and bacterial species. (ucmerced.edu)
  • The bacterial GEs were able to utilize substrates lacking 4-OH methyl substitutions, known to be important for fungal enzymes. (proteopedia.org)
  • Conclusions: Bacterial GEs exhibit much larger diversity than fungal counterparts. (proteopedia.org)
  • Metagenomic profiling revealed 8302 bacterial, 395 archaeal, 744 fungal, 524 protist and 1103 viral species in classroom dust. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hypocrellin A (HA), a fungal perylenequinone from bambusicolous Shiraia species, is a newly developed photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in cancer and other infectious diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • CGD is a primary immunodeficiency that affects phagocytes of the innate immune system and leads to recurrent or persistent intracellular bacterial and fungal infections and to granuloma formation. (medscape.com)
  • This renders the patients susceptible to severe, recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. (medscape.com)
  • In a new discovery that increases our understanding of gene transfer, a research team centered at University of Tsukuba has studied a gene in marine invertebrates called ascidians originally came from a common bacterium. (phys.org)
  • These downregulated genes are normally part of the host stress response mechanisms that protect the bacterium during conditions of acid stress and stationary phase transition. (lu.se)
  • The BTK gene is large and consists of 19 exons that encode the 659 amino acids that form the Btk cytosolic tyrosine kinase. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in the genes that specify how the cell makes the transporters, or in regulator genes that stimulate their production, can result in no transporters, or less effective transporters. (creation.com)
  • Most patients (approximately 80%) are males, who have hemizygous mutations on the X-linked gene coding for gp91phox. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations can occur in any area of the gene. (medscape.com)
  • Murine gene mutations in human counterparts may be associated with a clinical illness different from the illness seen in mice. (medscape.com)
  • A comparison of the TF repertoire of S. aureus against 1209 sequenced bacterial genomes was carried out allowing us to identify a core set of orthologous TFs for the Staphylococacceae , and also allowing us to assign potential functions to previously uncharacterized TFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have evaluated the orthologous distribution of these elements in other sequenced bacterial genomes using the repertoire of TFs identified in USA300, and identified a core set of regulators for both the Firmicutes phylum, and the Staphylococacceae group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is partially due to their inability to be cultured but also based on the large historic cost of drafting and finishing individual microbial species genomes. (escholarship.org)
  • RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based transcriptome analysis and various bioinformatics tools have also been used to study non-model animals, including aquaculture species for which reference genomes are not available. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, this analysis requires accurate reference genomes to identify the specific genes from which RNA reads originate. (osti.gov)
  • The major P. aeruginosa virulence-related genes induced in spaceflight were the lecA and lecB lectin genes and the gene for rhamnosyltransferase (rhlA), which is involved in rhamnolipid production. (sckcen.be)
  • We aimed to identify novel essential genes in P. aeruginosa by shotgun antisense screening. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Originally identified as a regulator of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and assimilation under nitrogen limiting conditions, E. coli σ54 has since been shown to play important regulatory roles in a variety of other cellular processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • This technique, for example, was used successfully to study the have to protect themselves from the products of their own extent of variations in penicillinase genes that generate secondary metabolism. (cdc.gov)
  • His main research interests concern the identification of genes and enzymes involved in this pathway, the regulation of this metabolism, the mode of action of antibiotics and bacteriocins interfering with this pathway and the corresponding resistance mechanisms, as well as the molecular bases for the recognition of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan by host innate immunity mechanisms. (degruyter.com)
  • BPSE changed the gene expressions mainly responsible for central carbon metabolism and the cellular oxidative stress. (bvsalud.org)
  • The ubiquity of syntrophic metabolism in many anoxic environments emphasizes that metabolic cooperation among microbial species is essential for the anaerobic conversion of organic matter in nature. (ucla.edu)
  • With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • Since Hfq was also differentially regulated in spaceflight-grown Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Hfq represents the first spaceflight-induced regulator acting across bacterial species. (sckcen.be)
  • Activation of Btk results in a cascade of signaling events resulting in calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). (medscape.com)
  • INTRODUCTION broken, which in realistic situations can severly constrain the Transcriptional regulation of effector genes is a highly successful regulatory options. (lu.se)
  • One should distinguish "natural" antimicrobial drugs ated with chromosome replication, plasmid conjugation (e.g., kanamycin), which are produced by microorganisms with replicative transfer, and gene migration with replica- from the environment, from semisynthetic (e.g., amikacin) tive transposition (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Biofilms can attach to a surface such as a tooth or rock, and may include a single species or a diverse group of microorganisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • A protein consists of one or more chains of amino acids (called polypeptides) whose sequence is encoded in a gene. (genome.gov)
  • There will be involved gene engineering and molecular biology methods such as PCR, SDS-PAGE, qPCR, western blot, DNA-protein interaction assays, flow cytometry etc. (lu.se)
  • The sRNA gene is encoded between a CRISPR RNA locus and the Cas protein gene cluster, the s479 deletion strain is viable and was characterized in detail. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • This gene encodes a protein that helps form an external protective coating, the loss of which leads to a lack of cellulose production and has adverse effects on these organisms. (phys.org)
  • There, he chose to tackle what was, at the time, a little-known form of translational control: the regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis by the nascent polypeptide. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • [ 9 ] Another protein, p40phox, has been implicated in the regulation of the NADPH oxidase, but no individual with a mutation in the protein has been found to date. (medscape.com)
  • One of the few antigens against which mammals develop protective immunity is the highly polymorphic OspC protein, encoded by the ospC gene on the cp26 plasmid. (cdc.gov)
  • By means of DNA sequencing of a large sample collection of the pathogen from across the United States, we studied the gene for the bacterium's highly diverse OspC protein, protective immunity against which develops in animals. (cdc.gov)
  • QS is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that controls virulence and biofilm formation in many bacterial species. (wadsworth.org)
  • We identified 39 conserved autophagy-related genes by genome-wide screening, which provided a molecular basis for autophagy regulation in sea cucumbers. (echinobase.org)
  • Therefore, it is all the more surprising pathogenic for humans have evolved toward antimi- that genes commonly found on plasmids in the latter bac- crobial drug resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • Rapid developments in these techniques have not only accelerated investigations into the process of pathogenic infection and defense strategies in fish, but also used to identify immunity-related genes in fish. (frontiersin.org)
  • In marine environments, organisms are confronted with numerous microbial challenges, although the differential regulation of xenophagy in response to different pathogenic bacterial species remains relatively unknown. (echinobase.org)
  • and 16 were "novel" essential genes with no homologs reported to have an essential role in other bacterial species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For more than 30 years, his main research interests have been the functional and structural study of the enzymes of peptidoglycan biosynthesis, the determination of the structure of peptidoglycan from certain bacterial species, and the search for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors that could act as antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • In addition, certain bacterial GEs were able to efficiently cleave esters of galacturonate, a functionality not previously described within the family. (proteopedia.org)
  • Variations in transcriptional responses of CE15-encoding genes under different growth conditions suggest nonredundant functions for enzymes found in species with multiple CE15 genes and further illuminate the importance of GEs in native lignin-carbohydrate disassembly. (proteopedia.org)
  • Small RNAs (sRNAs) control a variety of physiological responses across bacterial species 1 . (nature.com)
  • Here we analyze the P. anserina transcriptional responses to two bacterial species, Serratia fonticola to which P. anserina survives and S. marcescens to which P. anserina succumbs, and compare these to the transcriptional response induced under VI conditions. (hal.science)
  • In all three responses we observed genes related to autophagy to be up-regulated. (hal.science)
  • Although we have been aware of polymicrobial infections, arguably for centuries, only recently has biotechnology allowed the delicate dissection of the role of individual microbial species in infections. (asmblog.org)
  • The assembly and analysis of microbial species on earth remains a largely unexplored area of life. (escholarship.org)
  • Our group is interested in the research of clinically relevant bacterial species that mainly cause upper and lower airway infections and their interactions with the host. (lu.se)
  • These findings will contribute to fish immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections through the design of more specific and effective immune stimulants, adjuvants, and vaccines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Many bacterial infections (for example, tuberculosis and wound infections) that often killed people became treatable, saving millions of lives. (creation.com)
  • In 1952, Colonel Ogden Bruton noted the absence of immunoglobulins (Ig) in a boy with a history of pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections. (medscape.com)
  • As Bruton originally described, XLA manifests as pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections in 80% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Multidrug resistant bacterial infections are an important public health problem, and we know that use of antibiotics in both humans and food-producing animals drives antimicrobial resistance. (cdc.gov)
  • But according to engagement manager Delphine Thizy, they are hoping to apply for approval to test gene drives in the field as soon as 2023. (vox.com)
  • Her main research interests have been the study of Mur ligases from different bacterial species and the search for inhibitors of these enzymes. (degruyter.com)
  • The synthesis of the peptide stem of bacterial peptidoglycan involves four enzymes, the Mur ligases (MurC, D, E and F). Among them, MurD is responsible for the ATP-dependent addition of d -glutamic acid to UDP-MurNAc- l -Ala, a reaction which involves acyl-phosphate and tetrahedral intermediates. (degruyter.com)
  • For the sake emergence and subsequent dissemination of resistant bac- teria or resistance genes. (cdc.gov)
  • Upregulation of these genes in the deletion strain was confirmed by northern blot and proteome analyses. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Hélène Barreteau is assistant professor at the University Paris-Sud, Orsay, and a member of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics. (degruyter.com)
  • She joined the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics as an engineer in 2007. (degruyter.com)
  • Didier Blanot is director of research at CNRS and a member of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics, University Paris-Sud, Orsay. (degruyter.com)
  • Current antibiotics work by interfering with bacterial growth, which is a fine game plan… until it stops working. (wadsworth.org)
  • Think about the last time you or a loved one had a bacterial infection and needed antibiotics. (elifesciences.org)
  • Lateral gene transfers resulted in different linkages between the ospC gene and loci of the chromosome or other plasmids. (cdc.gov)
  • Similarly, σ54 homologues in other species regulate a wide range of processes, including flagellar synthesis and virulence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Products of the gum gene cluster drive synthesis, polymerization, and export of the repeat unit. (caister.com)
  • For more than 15 years he has been involved in discovery of inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis as potential antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • A genome-wide association analysis of over 1,000 twins in the UK supports that some parts of our microbiomes are inherited and shaped--not through a spread of microbes from parent to child, but through our genes. (eurekalert.org)
  • Despite their physiological relevance, we have only fragmented information on their regulation and the signals coordinating their counteracting activities. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • In this study, we significantly expanded the existing knowledge on CE15 with the in-depth characterization of ten bacterial GEs broadly spanning the phylogenetic tree, and also presented two novel enzyme structures. (proteopedia.org)
  • Genes up regulated tend to be clustered in the genome, and display limited phylogenetic distribution. (hal.science)
  • Results of phylogenetic reconstruction and virulence-related gene contents of the recovered NDC isolates indicated they were likely commensal organisms, though 80.4%(45/56) were not susceptible to erythromycin, and most showed high minimum inhibition concentrations against azithromycin. (cdc.gov)
  • In the case of the lac operon of E. coli, a well-studied system for whether a gene is regulated. (lu.se)
  • In unicellular organisms like E. coli and yeast, the benefits of between potential cost and benefit, regulation can make the most a well-adapted regulatory system are readily quantified, as the difference to the long-term growth rate if the resource in question fitness of an individual can be estimated by its growth rate in is only available a similarly small fraction of the time. (lu.se)
  • Special cellular machinery should be activated to fight against increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to protect from oxidative injury. (springer.com)
  • The main defect in chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a failure of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils to mount a respiratory burst and, therefore, to generate superoxide anions and other reactive oxygen species derived from superoxide, such as hydrogen peroxide. (medscape.com)
  • Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion. (proteopedia.org)
  • Arnling Baath J, Mazurkewich S, Knudsen RM, Poulsen JN, Olsson L, Lo Leggio L, Larsbrink J. Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion. (proteopedia.org)
  • 2015) and the regulation of SecDF2 in low-salinity environments by the arrest peptide VemP. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • The investigators note that existing methods for detecting DNA modification from nanopore sequencing data cannot effectively characterize unknown bacterial methylomes without previous knowledge. (genomeweb.com)
  • Here we utilized whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to characterize recovered isolates of C. diphtheriae and two co-circulating non-diphtheritic Corynebacterium (NDC) species - C. pseudodiphtheriticum and C. propinquum. (cdc.gov)
  • Regulated in parallel to CT are pilus genes, which allow effective colonization of the digestive tract. (kenyon.edu)
  • Intragenic recombination among ospC genes is known, but the extent to which recombination extended beyond the ospC locus itself is undefined. (cdc.gov)
  • Acquisitions of OspC genes that are novel for the region confer to recipients unique identities to host immune systems and, presumably, selective advantage when immunity to existing types is widespread among hosts. (cdc.gov)
  • Surprisingly, transhydrogenase regulation was independent of the actual catabolic overproduction or underproduction of NADPH but responded to nutrient levels and growth rate in a fashion that matches the cellular need for the redox cofactors NADPH and/or NADH. (microbiologyresearch.org)