Species rats inbred strains. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mice (around 280 strains which include inbred, out bred and genetically engineered lines), Rats (out bred stocks like Wistar, Sprague Dawley, Long Evans and several transgenic rat strains), Xenopus laevis and Zebra fish . (ncbs.res.in)
The MPDt systematically characterizes biochemical and behavioral phenotypes of 40 commonly used and genetically diverse inbred mouse strains. (jax.org)
A growing body of work now effectively models this "twins raised apart" situation in genetically identical strains of inbred mice or genetically similar rats. (edge.org)
In this case, the nine families could reach a total population between one thousand and ten, but the actual diversity genetically would be far lower, and there could very easily be inbreeding problems at that point. (stackexchange.com)
Our experimental models include various strains of inbred and genetically manipulated rats and mice. (augusta.edu)
Genetically divergent strains of rats given identical shock conditioning differ in the degree of freezing observed. (omeka.net)

N/Nih and Fawn Hooded (FH), with that seen in the more commonly employed Sprague-Dawley strain (SPD). (omeka.net)
Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were evaluated for neurobehavioral, neuroinflammatory, and neural damage endpoints both acutely and longer-term (up to 72 h) post-TBI following impact with either an aluminum or stainless-steel projectile. (cdc.gov)
After i.v. bolus administration of a single dose of 10 mg/kg to Sprague-Dawley rats, the plasma drug concentration-time profile of TMC353121 exhibits multicompartmental pharmacokinetics. (medchemexpress.com)
Accordingly, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Brown Norway (BN) rats were maintained on either regular (Reg) or high fat (HF) diets for 24wk. (cdc.gov)

Immunoblot analysis of rat microsomes illustrated the male specificity of cytochrome P450h expression which extended to extrahepatic tissues including kidney and lung. (nih.gov)
While evolutionarily conserved, ACE2 receptors differ across various species and differential interactions with Spike (S) glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 viruses impact species specificity. (cdc.gov)

A survey of various species by immunoblot analysis with several antibodies revealed little if any epitope relatedness among microsomal proteins from rats, mice, rabbits, hamsters, squirrel monkeys, guinea pigs, or humans. (nih.gov)
Cotton rats combine the best traits of human-like lung granuloma formation (trait of rabbits) and inexpensive care (trait of other small rodents) to provide a suitable host for this type of study. (wikipedia.org)
[4] Familiar albino animals include in-bred strains of laboratory animals (rats, mice and rabbits), but populations of naturally occurring albino animals exist in the wild, e.g. (wikipedia.org)

one estimate of mice and rats used in the US alone in 2001 was 80 million. (wmflabs.org)
In mice and rats, females require mating stimulation for the maintenance of pregnancy. (nature.com)
The expansion and subsequent diversification of Toxoplasma effector genes, such as ROP5 , is likely an evolutionary strategy of multi-host parasites to be able to bind to the divergent substrates in different host species, for example immunity related GTPases in mice and rats. (saeijlab.com)

Cerebellin-like peptide: tissue distribution in rat and guinea-pig and its release from rat cerebellum, hypothalamus and cerebellar synaptosomes in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
We have developed a specific radioimmunoassay for "cerebellin", a 16-amino acid peptide recently isolated from rat cerebellum. (ox.ac.uk)
In both rat and guinea-pig, cerebellin-like immunoreactivity was highest in the cerebellum but was also present in high concentrations elsewhere in the central nervous system, especially in the hypothalamus. (ox.ac.uk)
Cerebellin was concentrated in synaptosomal preparations of rat brain, and its subcellular distribution pattern in rat brain was identical to that of two other known synaptosomal peptides, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and substance P. Studies with superfused cerebellar synaptosomes and slices of rat cerebellum and hypothalamus demonstrated calcium-dependent cerebellin release when stimulated by high potassium concentrations as well as the addition of the calcium ionophore A23187. (ox.ac.uk)
Other features include the fluid-like composition of the outer layer, which allows cells to move freely and regularly change position, and tensions surrounding the cerebellum mechanically straining its growth. (elifesciences.org)

The species was found to undergo an equivalent infection to pulmonary tuberculosis as humans. (wikipedia.org)
Future research is underway to use the cotton rat for studying pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by HIV-1 due to similarities with humans in both diseases. (wikipedia.org)
In both humans and rats, the dicarboxylic acids found in serum and urine were 2, 4, or 6 carbon atoms shorter than the corresponding administered diacid. (unicatt.it)
Because of cross-species concordance, QTL and their underlying candidate genes can first be identified, cost-effectively, in mice and then the genes can be tested relatively easily in humans and verified in mice. (jax.org)
Although in vivo models of pathologic processes are useful only if they provide information that can be extrapolated to other species of interest, particularly to humans, and it is known that no model behaves ideally, it is also true that they allow not only to replicate but also, in some cases, to anticipate the genetic architecture of complex human phenotypes as is the case of cancer disease. (biomedcentral.com)
When the use of laboratory animal is obligatory, the most appropriate specie, breed, and strain with the closest homology to humans must be chosen. (ommegaonline.org)
One of our long-term goals is to understand how distinct Toxoplasma strains differ in their ability to cause disease in humans. (saeijlab.com)

We developed a method, named Easy-ET, to induce pseudopregnancy in female rats by artificial stimulation using sonic vibration instead of mating with vasectomized males. (nature.com)
Age-matched female rats from these three strains were observed for freezing after shock conditioning. (omeka.net)

NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species in immune cells exacerbates salt-sensitive hypertension. (augusta.edu)
Additionally, proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by impaired cells [ 16 ]. (hindawi.com)

The tawny-bellied cotton rat (Sigmodon fulviventer) is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. (wikipedia.org)
Majority of the rodent strains are bred under strictly inbred conditions. (actrec.gov.in)

We conclude that although rats and opossums share many similar characteristics, including ecological niche, their divergent evolutionary heritage results in vastly different behavioral capabilities. (researchgate.net)
In contrast, rats that received TBI with the aluminum projectile exhibited characteristics more congruous with mild TBI, such as a trend for longer periods of unconsciousness in the absence of neurobehavioral deficits, a lack of neurodegeneration, and mild neuroinflammation. (cdc.gov)
Breeding & trading of animals: Below mentioned animal colonies are maintained by in-breeding, out-breeding, or random breeding systems as per the species characteristics. (cadilapharma.com)

[3] I think the vast majority of the animals used in research are rodents, but it's hard to know for sure given the U.S.'s exclusion of rats and mice from reporting requirements. (erichgrunewald.com)

I had decided to switch from rat to mouse as a model organism because of the advantage of using isogenic inbred strains for dissecting a multigene family, and the possibility of generating transgenic mice. (tatulo.pl)

In the brain of both species, cerebellin-like immunoreactivity consisted of a single molecular form with an elution position on gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography identical to that of synthetic rat cerebellin. (ox.ac.uk)

Mammalian Species (94): 1-4. (wikipedia.org)
In a variety of mammalian species, PNX stimulates rapid compensatory lung growth, restoring normal mass, structure and function. (biomedcentral.com)

Using the inbred mouse as a model organism, QTL mapping has become a very important tool for finding the genes that regulate complex human diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, asthma and hypertension. (jax.org)
This phenomenon was first revealed between laboratory rat and human hypertension QTL. (jax.org)
She and co-researchers found significant concordance among mouse, human and rat hypertension QTL, 4 between mouse and human HDL cholesterol QTL, 6 between rat and human kidney disease QTL, 7 between mouse and human atherosclerosis QTL, 8 and among various species for osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, type II diabetes and asthma QTL. (jax.org)
Among them were 11 strains developed through inbreeding to study conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and insulin resistance. (genomeweb.com)
Shimada S, Abais-Battad JM, Alsheikh AJ, Yang C, Stumpf M, Kurth T, Mattson DL , Cowley, AW Jr. Renal perfusion pressure determines infiltration of leukocytes in the kidney of rats with angiotensin II induced hypertension. (augusta.edu)
Splenocyte transfer exacerbates salt-sensitive hypertension in rats. (augusta.edu)

Freezing in NTX treated FH rats did not differ from VEH. (omeka.net)
Determining how particular Toxoplasma genotypes differ in their capacity to induce pathology in a particular animal species could enable prediction of the outcome of infection based on the genotype of the infecting organism. (saeijlab.com)

In this study, we investigate exploratory behavior across 23 species in a previously untested vertebrate system, Lake Malawi cichlid fishes, which comprises hundreds of phenotypically diverse species that have diverged in the past one million years. (biorxiv.org)
We find strong species differences in behavior that are associated with microhabitat, demonstrate that intermediate microhabitats are associated with higher levels of exploratory behavior, show that patterns of behavioral covariation across contexts are characteristic of modular complex traits, and contrast Malawi cichlid data with behavioral data from selectively bred high-and low-exploratory zebrafish. (biorxiv.org)
Taken together, our results tie ecology to species differences in behavior, and highlight Lake Malawi cichlids as a powerful system for understanding the evolution, ecology, and biology of natural behavioral variation. (biorxiv.org)
Furthermore, different behavioral assays and testing parameters have been used across studies, making it difficult to identify organizing principles that explain species differences in behavior. (biorxiv.org)
However, compared to traditional laboratory animals like rats, very little is known about its behavior, either in the wild or in a laboratory setting. (researchgate.net)
When a rat is returned to a context associated with mild electric foot shock (1 mA/0.75 s), the environmental cues elicit a species-specific defensive behavior termed freezing. (omeka.net)

Studies utilize in vitro measurements of mRNA, protein, enzymatic activity, enzyme kinetics, and cell signaling as well as in vivo measurements of hormone levels, blood flow, blood pressure, and other indices of renal/cardiovascular function in anesthetized and conscious rats and mice. (augusta.edu)

This grant is focused on enabling the NCBS/inStem/C-CAMP biocluster to build a unique shared state-of-the-art SPF mouse facility and a rat facility where the needs of researchers within our campus as well as nationwide are addressed. (ncbs.res.in)
The increased role of QTL mapping and favored status of the inbred mouse in that role, are due to the improvement and development of genetic research tools (many of them pioneered by The Jackson Laboratory) to manipulate the mouse genome. (jax.org)
Most QTL have been mapped in model organisms such as the mouse and the rat. (jax.org)
The Mouse Phenome Database (MPD) is particularly useful for helping investigators select the most appropriate strains to cross in a QTL mapping project. (jax.org)
The results obtained support the conclusion that the system M-406 plus the inbred mouse lines CBi, CBi − and CBi/L, is a good murine model to study the process of tumor immunoediting. (biomedcentral.com)
CBi is an inbred mouse strain derived from an outbred population generated by crossing BALB/c, Rockland, NIH and Swiss mice. (biomedcentral.com)
SAMPs (senescence-accelerated mouse prones) are inbred mouse lines showing accelerated aging. (biomedcentral.com)
We are investigating this co-evolution of ROP5 with these GTPases from different mouse and rat strains with the goal of linking host differences in susceptibility to specific Toxoplasma strains with specific ROP5-GTPase combinations. (saeijlab.com)

MVP is not a minimum threshold below which all populations will inevitable decline and go extinct due to inbreeding depression. (stackexchange.com)

Depending on the requirements of the approved research protocol, the ACRC imports new strains of animals from commercial suppliers and/or collaborators from abroad. (ncbs.res.in)
These inbred strains are of use in that they expel the variability that can be caused past the stocky number of genetic polymorphisms that persist among animals of the that having been said species. (ka35.ru)
With the end result being, that a majority of animals of a particular line/breed/species will all be carrying these undesirable genes. (stackexchange.com)
Listing of the strains of these animals can be viewed by clicking here- "Strains" . (actrec.gov.in)
Authors argued that strong differences in longevity were not noted possibly because wild animals have a higher genetic variation than inbred mice, which could affect CR strength. (longevitywiki.org)
In other words, bioethics should examine the prejudices that are "based on species difference" and "species membership," and hence take up the central issue of "our obligations to nonhuman animals. (erudit.org)
At 7wk, HF-fed animals exhibited several immune alterations (blood leukocyte/neutrophil number, lymph node B-cell proportionality)-effects which were more pronounced in SD rats. (cdc.gov)
however, diet appeared to preferentially impact SD rats at this time point, as several inflammatory markers (lymph node cellularity, lung neutrophils) were further elevated in HF over Reg animals. (cdc.gov)
In BN rats, resolution of immune alterations was further compromised by HF diet, as many exposure-induced alterations in local/systemic immune markers were still evident in HF/WF animals at 24wk. (cdc.gov)

A panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies against rat hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450h (2C11) has been produced, purified, and characterized. (nih.gov)
Only 20-25% inhibition of benzphetamine metabolism was attained in microsomal preparations from adult male rats, and the antibodies did not influence the microsomal catalytic activity of immature males or females or adult females. (nih.gov)

In both species, cerebellin-like immunoreactivity was found in other organs (heart, kidney and stomach) and at lower concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract. (ox.ac.uk)
Alvares K, Stern PH, Veis A. Dentin Phosphoprotein Binds Annexin 2 and is Involved in Calcium Transport in Rat kidney Ureteric Bud Cells. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)

Large parrots, including many endangered species, are the most frequently and most severely affected birds ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)

Embryo transfer (ET) is an essential reproductive technology for the production of new animal strains and maintenance of genetic resources. (nature.com)

As they reported in Cell , the researchers sequenced the genomes of more than two dozen rat strains. (genomeweb.com)

In a number of species, partial pneumonectomy initiates hormonally regulated compensatory growth of the remaining lung lobes that restores normal mass, structure and function. (biomedcentral.com)
Excision of the single lobe of the left lung in rats removes 35% of the total lung mass. (biomedcentral.com)
In rats of about 300 g body weight (BW), restoration of total lung mass is complete approximately 14 days after left PNX [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Collectively, HF diet appeared to have a greater impact on global immune status and exposure-induced lung injury in SD rats, but a more pronounced effect on inflammation resolution in BN rats. (cdc.gov)

The monoclonal antibody recognizes rat CD8 antigen (MW 34 kDa and 39 kDa) and is reactive with all common inbred strains. (hycultbiotech.com)

The distribution of melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of rat, guinea-pig, pig and man. (ox.ac.uk)
The distribution of melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity was investigated by radioimmunoassay in the CNS of rat, guinea-pig, pig and man. (ox.ac.uk)
Gel chromatographic analysis of hypothalamic extracts showed five immunoreactive peaks of melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity in the rat and pig and six in the guinea-pig and man. (ox.ac.uk)
Examination of subcellular fractions of whole rat brain showed that most of the melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity is found in the synaptosome fraction. (ox.ac.uk)
Stimulation of melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity release from rat hypothalamic slices revealed that potassium in the presence of calcium stimulated melanin-concentrating hormone-like immunoreactivity release. (ox.ac.uk)

There is evidence that if done correctly inbreeding / line-breeding can be done is such a way to limit "bad genes" in a species. (stackexchange.com)
When inbreeding is not practiced, any lethal, semi-lethal & undesirable recessives present in that line, are being passed down to future generations along with the good genes, without any apparent signs to you, the breeder. (stackexchange.com)

NEW YORK (GenomeWeb News) - A genome sequencing study in Nature offered hints about genetic strategies organisms may use to maintain species diversity, even in the absence of sexual reproduction. (genomeweb.com)
A number of studies have indicated that CR can increase the lifespan (50-300%) and reduce the onset of age-related diseases in a variety of organisms (e.g. rats, mice, flies, worms, and yeast). (longevitywiki.org)

The key conclusion that one can draw from it is that a population of 10,000 people should be enough to be sustainable without any major inbreeding issues, while 1,000 is too low (it would land between the green/yellow lines on the graph). (stackexchange.com)
The insight that inbreeding gives into your lines, is invaluable. (stackexchange.com)
The present study was designed to characterize the interaction between mammary adenocarcinoma M-406 and CBi, CBi − and CBi/L inbred mice lines. (biomedcentral.com)
During selection, the lines were inbred by limiting the population size [ 9 ] until an average theoretical inbreeding coefficient of approximately 0.985 was reached. (biomedcentral.com)
From then on, a regular system of inbreeding involving full-sib (FS) mating was applied and maintained for more than 30 generations giving rise to CBi/L FS, CBi − FS and CBi FS lines. (biomedcentral.com)

this might be a result of variability in the ability of different strains to cross the placental barrier. (saeijlab.com)

lymphoid tissue, and digestive tract), which the animal model captures the It can be difficult to parse out concordance has often been ob- range of potential human response reasons for lack of tumour site con- served among different species after to the particular agent tested. (who.int)

There are currently nine independent strains from SAMP1 to SAMP11, which show distinct features of the aging phenomenon. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus, despite the high level of expression of cytochrome P450h in microsomes from adult male rats and the high catalytic activity of the purified protein for benzphetamine, this isozyme contributes only a small portion of the metabolism of this substrate in microsomes. (nih.gov)

An Imperial College London-led group used genome sequencing to search for loci that have been subject to artificial selection in lab rats. (genomeweb.com)

High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of hypothalamic extracts showed five immunoreactive peaks in rat, guinea-pig, pig and four in man. (ox.ac.uk)

The tail has small scales and is covered in hair which distinguishes it from the larger scales of the closely related hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus). (wikipedia.org)
The tawny-bellied cotton rat occurs in the same area as the closely related hispid cotton rat, with the former occupying the moister areas and the latter the more arid areas. (wikipedia.org)

A study conducted in 1998 found that the tawny-bellied cotton rat can be infected by low-level HIV-1. (wikipedia.org)
The aim of this study is to learn if rat BMSC express brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glia-derived nerve factor (GDNF) and determine if this expression varies according to the number of culture passages. (sld.cu)
The primary focus of his research is the study of plant-parasite coevolution and long-term seed dormancy in the soil with specific application to wild tomato species. (genestogenomes.org)
Rats were euthanized at 7, 12, and 24wk to evaluate local and systemic immune markers corresponding to the baseline, exposure, and recovery phases of the study, respectively. (cdc.gov)

Collectively, these results suggest that the level of freezing and NTX enhancement of freezing in the N/Nih rat strain are equivalent to SPD. (omeka.net)
Our results indicated that rat BMSC produce BDNF, at least until passage number 12. (sld.cu)

NTX-treated SPD and N/Nih rats displayed an equivalent 130% increase in freezing in comparison to their respective saline controls. (omeka.net)

however, the ecological and evolutionary factors underlying these differences are not well understood, in part because most comparative investigations have focused on only two species. (biorxiv.org)

Moreover, alignment of cytokine mRNA expression from the cortex of these rats with a computational model of neuronglia interaction found that the moderate-severe TBI produced by the stainless-steel projectile strongly associated with the neuroinflammatory state, while the mild TBI existed in a state between normal and inflammatory neuronglia interactions. (cdc.gov)

When living in adjacent habitats, one species tends to become more numerous while the other maintains a smaller population. (wikipedia.org)

The weekly sampling schedule is devised such a way that every 12 weeks representative animal from all the strains are covered under the conventional microbiology testing. (actrec.gov.in)
Competing causes of mortali- or all of the animal species tested genetic variation, health status, life ty may prevent the development of experimentally. (who.int)

We investigate behavioral variation across species, across microhabitats, and across environmental contexts. (biorxiv.org)

The tawny-bellied cotton rat is used as a model organism to develop and test human pathogen treatments. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy19

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Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes95

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Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

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