Species shigella sonnei. Medical search. Frequent questions

subgroup C for Shigella boydii and subgroup D for Shigella sonnei. (justia.com)
There are four different species and 47 antigenically distinct serotypes of Shigella, divided on the basis of differences in O antigen of their lipopolysaccharide which are S. dysenteriae (13 serotypes), S. flexneri (15 serotypes), S. boydii (18 serotypes), and S. sonnei (1 serotype). (biomedcentral.com)
Shigella dysenteriae (group A), Shigella flexneri (group B), Shigella boydii (group C), and Shigella sonnei (group D). S. sonnei causes most shigellosis illnesses in the developed countries, and accounts for approximately 70% of shigellosis cases in the United States. (ufl.edu)
Other species include S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei. (familymednews.com)
A number of serotypes were isolated in each serogroup, 8 serotypes in S. flexneri, 8 serotypes in S. dysenteriae, 9 serotypes in S. boydii, and Phase 1& 2 were found in S. sonnei. (aku.edu)
Shigella are divided into four species Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei. (generon-food-safety.com)
The four important species of the genus Shigella are: Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei and Shigella boydii. (ncertmcq.com)
Shigella dysenteriae belongs to the genus Shigella, which consists of four species: S. sonnei, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. dysenteriae. (stemcelldaily.com)
Shigella dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii and S. sonnei . (who.int)
S. flexneri and S. sonnei are more widespread than S. boydii and the particularly virulent S. dysenteriae . (msdmanuals.com)

Most Shigella infection usually clears up without complications, but if left untreated or delay in diagnosis may lead to some serious complication such as dehydration (especially severe dehydration can lead to shock and death), seizure, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), toxic megacolon, and reactive arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
Confirmed cases were defined as infection by S. sonnei with resistance to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and susceptibility to ampicillin (later specified as pulsovar 72). (cdc.gov)
Probable cases were defined as infection by S. sonnei with a resistance profile identical to that of confirmed cases but where PFGE was not conducted. (cdc.gov)
Shigellosis is a diarrheal infection caused by Shigella species-gram-negative, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobes that infect the intestinal lining-and spread by fecal-oral transmission. (medscape.com)
Because only a few bacteria are needed to cause an infection, Shigella can be transmitted easily from person to person. (cdc.gov)
Although these findings suggest the infection may have been transmitted sexually, the risk factors for Shigella transmission among MSM are not well understood. (cdc.gov)
Simple precautions like washing before and after sex and using barrier methods can reduce the risk for MSM and others of contracting a Shigella infection. (cdc.gov)
Symptoms among those who did not get tested are suggestive of a Shigella infection. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
Shigella infection occurs when the excrement (feces) of an infected individual is ingested by another person. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
If you or a family member became ill with a Shigella infection after consuming food and you're interested in pursuing a legal claim, contact the Marler Clark Shigella attorneys for a free case evaluation. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
Shigellosis is an acute enteric infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Shigella . (cdc.gov)
An estimated 10-18% of persons with culture-confirmed Shigella infection in the USA are hospitalized [3]. (cdc.gov)
Plaintiffs can hold those responsible for illness in a Shigella infection lawsuit. (thelyonfirm.com)
The Lyon Firm has represented plaintiffs nationwide in foodborne illness claims and can review your Shigella Infection Lawsuit. (thelyonfirm.com)
Shigella infection causes symptoms within 1-3 days, or up to 7 days. (familymednews.com)
However, researchers have previously shown that using bacteriophages to trigger CRISPR can efficiently kill skin bacteria and might also help combat Shigella sonnei , a diarrheal infection common in the developing world. (technologyreview.com)
Natural disease epidemiology in humans and non-human primate infection studies show complete protection from re-infection with a homologous Shigella species. (biomedcentral.com)
METHODS: To evaluate clinical and microbiologic response, we reviewed inpatient and outpatient medical records for treatment outcomes among the 24 patients with culture-confirmed S. sonnei infection. (cdc.gov)
Shigella dysenteriae is a type of bacteria that causes a severe form of intestinal infection called shigellosis or bacillary dysentery. (stemcelldaily.com)
It can also be transmitted through sexual contact with someone who has a Shigella infection or who has recently recovered from one. (stemcelldaily.com)
Shigella dysenteriae infection can be diagnosed by isolating and identifying the bacteria from stool samples using culture methods or molecular techniques. (stemcelldaily.com)
Therefore, prevention measures such as improving sanitation and hygiene, providing safe water and food, and promoting handwashing are essential to control the spread of Shigella dysenteriae infection. (stemcelldaily.com)
Shigella infection typically causes an acute intestinal infection with general malaise, diarrhoea, stomach ache and, in some cases, nausea, vomiting and/or fever. (ssi.dk)
Bacillary dysentery and acute gastroenteritis caused by infection of Shigella species are major public health burden in India and its neighboring countries. (omeka.net)
Shigellosis is a major public health burden in India and its neighboring countries due to infection of Shigella species. (omeka.net)
Infection of the sternoclavicular and sacroiliac joints with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Serratia species occurs almost exclusively in persons who abuse intravenous drugs. (medscape.com)

Group D" Shigella bacteria cause shigellosis. (wikipedia.org)
Patients infected with Shigella may shed the bacteria for up to 6 weeks, even after resolution of symptoms. (medscape.com)
The human mouth serves as the best habitat for numerous bacterial species due to its alkaline condition, favourable to most bacteria and fungi. (scielo.br)
This adorable plush representation of Stomach Ache provides a hands-on-way to learn about biology and the Shigella bacteria that can cause this ailment. (giantmicrobes.com)
Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella . (ufl.edu)
Computer-generated image of a number of rod-shaped, drug-resistant Shigella bacteria, based upon scanning electron micrographic imagery. (ufl.edu)
This is because Shigella shares several characteristics with normally occurring colon bacteria (native flora), making it difficult to isolate it from a stool specimen. (ufl.edu)
Diagnosing Shigella as the causal agent of an illness requires laboratory testing to identify the bacteria in the stool of a possibly infected individual. (ufl.edu)
Shigellosis is a diarrheal disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella. (thelyonfirm.com)
Ingesting a very small amount of the Shigella bacteria into your mouth is enough to cause symptoms. (thelyonfirm.com)
Shigella bacteria are found in the stool of infected people, and can persist for up to a week or two after the diarrhea symptoms have gone. (thelyonfirm.com)
It is caused either by bacteria such as Shigella, or by parasites such as Entamoeba. (familymednews.com)
The appeal of using CRISPR is that such drugs would be very specific-theoretically, they would kill a single species of germ while leaving beneficial bacteria intact. (technologyreview.com)
The unknown bacteria will be one of the following: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella [I assume typhimurium], or Shigella [either flexneri or sonnei, we used both in our lab during the semester]. (acasestudy.com)
And I am out of gram-positive cocci species from my list of possible bacteria. (acasestudy.com)
I am redoing this test because most of the remaining bacteria species are catalase-negative - except for Escherichia coli, which I am sure is catalase positive. (acasestudy.com)
The extracts exhibited reasonable antibacterial activities against two gram positive ( Bacillus cereus , Staphylococcus aureus ) and four gram negative ( Escherichia coli , Shigella dysenteriae , Agrobacterium species , Shigella sonnei ) pathogenic bacteria. (phytojournal.com)
Shigella bacteria are only found in humans. (ssi.dk)
Infections with shigella bacteria are not common in Denmark and are typically acquired in connection with travels abroad. (ssi.dk)
The infectious dose of shigella is very low (10-500 bacteria) and raw vegetables can become heavily contaminated. (ssi.dk)
Shigella bacteria cannot survive heat treatment. (ssi.dk)
Commonly known as C. diff , this species of gram negative bacteria has gained notoriety in recent decades for causing unrelenting cases of colitis, especially in people with chronic IBS or even just after a round of antibiotics. (flore.com)
Once thought to be more prevalent in other countries, these chronic diarrhea-causing bacteria are becoming widespread within the United States , the most common of which is Shigella sonnei. (flore.com)

Kathy Harben] Hi, I'm Kathy Harben and today I'm talking with Dr. Nancy Strockbine, Chief of the Escherichia and Shigella Reference Unit at CDC. (cdc.gov)
In comparison, the least pervasive microbes were Proteus vulgaris , Shigella sonnei , Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila . (scielo.br)
Em comparação, os micróbios menos difundidos foram Proteus vulgaris , Shigella sonnei, Escherichia coli e Aeromonas hydrophila . (scielo.br)
Isolation rates were: enteropathogenic Escherichia coli 6.8%, Shigella spp. (who.int)
Les taux d'isolement étaient les suivants : Escherichia coli entéropathogène 6,8 %, Shigella spp. (who.int)
The estimated effect of cholera, shigella, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and rotavirus vaccines was determined by applying the standard Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) rules. (biomedcentral.com)
Escherichia coli 6.8%, Shigella spp. (who.int)
Albrotran is indicated in the treatment of severe or complicated urinary tract infections in adults and pediatric patients two months of age and older due to susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Morganella morganii and Proteus species when oral administration of Albrotran is not feasible and when the organism is not susceptible to single-agent antibacterials effective in the urinary tract. (pillintrip.com)
The chb operon constitutes the genes essential for utilization of chitooligosaccharides in Escherichia coli and related species. (iisc.ac.in)
A core genome analysis of Shigella species, pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli , led to the selection of 234 predicted immunogenic Shigella antigens. (biomedcentral.com)

In order to evaluate the role of the 5 major bacterial pathogens mentioned in the introduction, all specimens were cultured using Endo-agar (Merck 104044, Darmstadt, Germany), Salmonella-Shigella agar (Merck 107667), Yersinia selective agar (CIN) (Merck 116434), Yersinia selective supplement (Merck 116466), Campylobacter selective agar (Merck 102248) and Campylobacter selective supplement (Merck 102249). (who.int)
We discovered that neither the aqueous extract nor AND were bacteriostatic or bactericidal against Salmonella typhimurium , E. coli , Shigella sonnei , S. aureus , P. aeruginosa , S. pneumoniae , S. pyogenes , L. pneumophila or B. pertussis but the two ethanolic extracts of AP were bacteriostatic against L. pneumophila and B. pertussis . (scialert.net)
It is a rare autoimmune disease that can occur after a bout of gastroenteritis from Salmonella or Shigella . (ufl.edu)
SIFIN diagnostics Gmbh offers a comprehensive line of specific test reagents for serotyping Salmonella (according to secondo White-Kauffmann-Le-Minor scheme), E. coli, Yersinia and Shigella in clinical and veterinary diagnostics. (generon-food-safety.com)
It is important to note that BSA may inhibit some strains of Salmonella species, and therefore, it should not be used as the sole selective medium for these organisms. (microbiologynote.com)
In contrast, Salmonella Paratyphi A grows as light green colonies, allowing for its differentiation from other Salmonella species. (microbiologynote.com)
Most reports to date have identified the mcr-1 gene in E. coli , but it has also been reported from Salmonella species, Shigella sonnei , and Klebsiella pneumoniae . (cdc.gov)

Outbreaks of antimicrobial-resistant Shigella infections have been reported in the United States and other countries. (cdc.gov)
Shigella can cause large outbreaks, particularly in places where good hygiene practices are difficult to follow. (cdc.gov)
Approximately 20% of the nearly 450,000 cases of shigellosis that occur annually in the U.S are foodborne-related, leading to Shigella outbreaks. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
Contamination of drinking water by Shigella is a problem that more often occurs in the developing world, but swimming pools and beaches in the U.S. can become contaminated by infected individuals and have been linked to Shigella outbreaks. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
Our Shigella lawyers have represented victims of notable Shigella outbreaks such as the 2003 Doubletree Hotel Shigella outbreak, the 2006 Filiberto's Shigella outbreak, and the 2010 Subway Shigella outbreak. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
Marler Clark, The Food Safety Law Firm , is the nation's leading law firm representing victims of Shigella outbreaks. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
The Shigella lawyers of Marler Clark have represented thousands of victims of Shigella and other foodborne illness outbreaks and have recovered over $850 million for clients. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
Our Shigella lawyers have litigated Shigella cases stemming from outbreaks traced to a variety of sources, such as tomatoes, airplane and restaurant food. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
Most outbreaks ( n =86, 72%) were caused by Shigella sonnei . (cdc.gov)
Targeted efforts to reduce contamination during food handling at multiple points in the food processing and distribution system, including food preparation in restaurants and institutional settings, could prevent many foodborne disease outbreaks and outbreak-related illnesses including those due to Shigella . (cdc.gov)
Shigella outbreaks in the USA frequently result from person-to-person transmission in daycare settings with inadequate hygiene practices [5]. (cdc.gov)
Foods most often linked to Shigella outbreaks are salads and sandwiches that involve a lot of handling in food preparation, and Food-borne Illness. (thelyonfirm.com)
Shigella dysenteriae is the most virulent species of Shigella and can cause outbreaks of epidemic dysentery in developing countries with poor sanitation and hygiene. (stemcelldaily.com)
Shigella dysenteriae belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae and has four serogroups: A, B, C, and D. Serogroup A contains the most virulent strain, S. dysenteriae type 1, which is responsible for most outbreaks of shigellosis worldwide. (stemcelldaily.com)
Foodborne disease outbreaks caused by shigella species are unusual and mostly caused by foods imported from endemic countries. (ssi.dk)
Recent foodborne shigella outbreaks in Denmark include one in 2007 and another in 2009. (ssi.dk)
2 The infectious dose of Shigella can be as low as 10 organisms, 3 thus facilitating the rapid spread of the organism during outbreaks. (who.int)

Shigella is one of the major pathogens that causes diarrheal diseases in humans and animals.1,2 Since the first highly toxigenic species, Shigella dysenteriae, was isolated in 1898,3 four species has been described in Shigella genus, and each subgroup can be divided into multiple subtypes according to biochemical and serological properties. (researchsquare.com)
The genus Yersinia harbours three pathogenic species associated with plague ( Y. pestis ) and yersiniosis ( Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis ) [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The genus Shigella is distributed worldwide and is the typical cause of inflammatory dysentery, responsible for 5 to 10% of diarrheal illness in many areas. (msdmanuals.com)

Guidelines for the control of shigellosis, including epidemics due to Shigella dysenteriae type 1 [cited 2010 Mar 10]. (blogspot.com)
However, antibiotic resistance is a growing problem among Shigella species, especially S. dysenteriae type 1, which can be resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. (stemcelldaily.com)
In this study we describe the in vivo biosynthesis of two novel conjugate vaccine candidates against Shigella dysenteriae type 1, an important bacterial pathogen causing severe gastro-intestinal disease states mainly in developing countries. (biomedcentral.com)

Shigella sonnei only has one antigenic variant we call a serotype, while the other Shigella species each have many serotypes which helps distinguish one strain from another within a species. (cdc.gov)
Frequency of isolation of shigella serogroups/serotypes and their anti" by Afia Zafar, Nasim Sabir et al. (aku.edu)
To assess the frequency of serogroups and serotypes, as well as the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Shigella species isolated from known cases of diarrhoea and dysentery from Karachi, Pakistan. (aku.edu)
Stool samples yielding growth of Shigella species, were further identified for serotypes by slide agglutination. (aku.edu)
Based on biochemical variations and O-antigen variants, these species are further split into different serotypes. (biomedcentral.com)

Shigellosis occurs when Shigella species invade the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract, causing diarrhea and bacillary dysentery that ranges from mild to severe disease. (medscape.com)
Shigella is a bacterium that can cause sudden and severe diarrhea (gastroenteritis) in humans. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
In addition, the Shigella enterotoxin genes set1A, set1B ( ShET-1 ), sen ( SHET-2 ) and Shiga toxin gene stx were also reported to be responsible for initial watery diarrhea. (researchsquare.com)
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that Shigella causes about 500,000 cases of diarrhea in the U.S. each year. (thelyonfirm.com)
infections in developing countries are caused by endemic shigellae (1), which in these countries are responsible for ≈10% of all episodes of diarrhea among children (blogspot.com)
BACKGROUND: Shigella infections are an important cause of diarrhea in young children and can result in severe complications. (cdc.gov)
We defined clinical failure as diarrhea (3 loose stools per day) for 1 day after treatment finished, and microbiologic failure as a stool culture that yielded S. sonnei after treatment finished. (cdc.gov)

The S. sonnei had been isolated 2 days apart from stool cultures of 2 HIV-positive MSM. (cdc.gov)
Because Shigella germs may be in stool for several weeks, follow safe sex practices, or ideally avoid having sex, for several weeks after you or your partner have recovered. (cdc.gov)
Antibiotic treatment is indicated in most patients with a positive stool culture for Shigella . (medscape.com)
Most Shigella species cause mild symptoms like slight fever, chills, stomach cramps, and sometimes bloody stool that can last up to a week. (giantmicrobes.com)
Shigella germs are very contagious, and people generally contract shigellosis when they ingest something that has come into contact with the stool of someone else who is ill with shigellosis. (thelyonfirm.com)
Out of 4688 stool samples received, 193 (4.1%) were positive for Shigella species. (aku.edu)
This study was conducted to determine the distribution of species and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shigella species isolated from stool specimen among children less than 5 years of age in Nepal. (biomedcentral.com)
Out of total 717 stool samples collected, 15 cases of Shigella spp. (biomedcentral.com)

This work aimed to develop vaccine candidates against the Shigella flexneri ( S. flexneri ) 2b serotype using the BGCs approach. (biomedcentral.com)
with one strain further characterized as Shigella flexneri serotype 2. (who.int)

2003) with no antibacterial activity observed with the aqueous extract tested against E. coli , S. aureus , S. typhi or Shigella species (Leelarasamee et al . (scialert.net)
Two different periplasmic carrier proteins, AcrA from C. jejuni and a toxoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were glycosylated with Shigella O antigens in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
The case definition is broad as most patients are identified based on PCR testing made at the clinical microbiology departments where it is not possible to distinguish between shigella species and entero-invasive E. coli . (ssi.dk)

Shigella species (bacillary dysentery). (microbiologyresearch.org)
Shigella still accounts for a significant proportion of bacillary dysentery in many tropical and subtropical countries. (aku.edu)
Shigella dysenteriae is the causative agent of bacillary dysentery or shigellosis in humans. (ncertmcq.com)
Shigella dysenteriae is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that causes shigellosis, a severe form of bacillary dysentery. (stemcelldaily.com)

An estimated 1 million deaths (60% in children under 5) and 165 million cases of dysentery annually were estimated to occur due to shigella [ 3 ], while more recent estimates place the shigella disease burden at about 90 million episodes and 108,000 deaths per year [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
9. Christopher PR, David KV, John SM, Sankarapandian V. Antibiotic therapy for Shigella dysentery. (blogspot.com)
EIEC are highly similar to Shigella isolates, which are clinically associated with varying degrees of dysentery. (biomedcentral.com)
These are considered as shigella dysentery (blood, mucus and pus in the stools, fever and general malaise), and seeing your doctor or admission to hospital may be necessary. (ssi.dk)

The pathogenic mechanism of Shigella dysenteriaeis discussed below in flowchart 7.5. (ncertmcq.com)

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Shigella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
So, systemic monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Shigella spp. (biomedcentral.com)

Infants and toddlers, the elderly, and people living with chronic health conditions are all susceptible to the most severe symptoms of S. sonnei disease. (wikipedia.org)
Some persons who are infected may show no symptoms at all, but may still pass the Shigella organism to others. (ufl.edu)

We investigated an outbreak of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among MSM and studied its resistance mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin Treatment Outcomes During an Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections in a Retirement Community-Vermont, 2018. (cdc.gov)
BACKGROUND: In 2018, CDC and the Vermont Department of Health investigated an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Shigella sonnei infections in a retirement community that offered a continuum of care from independent living through skilled nursing care. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory analysis at two independent institutions established that the outbreak was caused by Shigella sp. (who.int)

Disease occurs when virulent Shigella organisms are consumed and invade the intestinal mucosa, resulting in tissue destruction. (ufl.edu)
The isolation, incidence and sensitivity of Shigella organisms. (blogspot.com)
Because Shigella are relatively resistant to gastric acid, ingestion of as few as 10 to 100 organisms can cause disease. (msdmanuals.com)

Among all the bacterial species, Staphylococcus aureus (29.62%) and Proteus mirabilis (22.2%) were found to be more prevalent oral pathogens. (scielo.br)

Because about 75 percent of Shigella infections in developing countries are caused by Shigella sonnei, the lack of antigenic variation within this species makes it difficult to discriminate between strains. (cdc.gov)
Nancy Strockbine] A simple family lineage showing the decent of Shigella sonnei strains from a common group of strains was identified. (cdc.gov)
Nancy Strockbine] The structure of the family lineage discovered for Shigella sonnei increases our understanding of the evolution of this organism and provides a framework to study the emergence of new strains. (cdc.gov)
Some Shigella strains produce enterotoxin and Shiga-toxin. (ufl.edu)
Albrotran is indicated in the treatment of enteritis caused by susceptible strains of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei in adults and pediatric patients two months of age and older. (pillintrip.com)
Thus, herein we successfully obtained a recombinant UspF protein from aEPEC, which is a α/β, ATP-binding protein involved in stress response, with comparable protein production among the four studied strains, but showing noteworthy differences when cultivated in different stress conditions, also present in other enterobacterial species, such as Shigella sonnei and Citrobacter freundii. (utmb.edu)

Shigella is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium capable of causing disease in humans. (ufl.edu)
Shigella are short, Gram negative rods (0.5µm × 1-3 µm in size). (ncertmcq.com)
The bacterium Rhodococcus strain KCHXC3 was isolated from a soil sample collected near Kingsport, Tennessee and was found to produce an inhibitory compound active against a broad array of bacterial species, including the Gram negative pathogen Shigella sonnei . (etsu.edu)

Shigella dysenteriae is transmitted by the fecal-oral route, meaning that it can spread through contaminated food, water, surfaces, or direct contact with infected people or animals. (stemcelldaily.com)

for example, for treating fresh fruits and vegetables in high risk Shigella locations oversees where the local sanitation standards and/or quality of water are not optimal, thus creating an increased risk of Shigella contamination. (intralytix.com)

ShigaShield™ is a non-chemical antimicrobial preparation for controlling the foodborne/waterborne bacterial pathogen Shigella . (intralytix.com)
Shigella is a major diarrheal pathogen for which there is presently no vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)

Together with Shigella flexneri, it is responsible for 90% of shigellosis cases. (wikipedia.org)

An estimated 242,000 antimicrobial-resistant Shigella infections occur in the United States each year. (cdc.gov)
The widespread distribution of antimicrobial-resistant Shigella has become a recurrent challenge in many parts of the developing world. (researchsquare.com)

For Shigella serotyping SIFIN offers - Polyspecific and monospecific test reagents, Control antigens for the Anti-Shigella test reagents (enabling quality control). (generon-food-safety.com)
Here, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens that could serve as Shigella vaccine candidates, either alone, or when conjugated to Shigella O-antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
Using a reverse vaccinology approach, where genomic analysis informed the Shigella immunome via an antigen microarray, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
These antigens were expressed and probed with acute and convalescent serum from microbiologically confirmed Shigella infections. (biomedcentral.com)
Several Shigella antigens displayed IgG and IgA seroconversion, with no difference in sero-reactivity across by sex or age. (biomedcentral.com)
IgG sero-reactivity to key Shigella antigens was observed at birth, indicating transplacental antibody transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings provide six novel immunogenic Shigella proteins that could serve as candidate vaccine antigens, species-specific carrier proteins, or targeted adjuvants. (biomedcentral.com)
Adherence: Shigella dysenteriae uses structural gene proteins called invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa) to attach to the surface of epithelial cells and M cells (specialized cells that transport antigens across the intestinal mucosa). (stemcelldaily.com)

sonnei almost 50% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin or trimethoprim and 15% were resistant to both of these antimicrobials. (nih.gov)
Shigella flexneri was the most common Shigella species isolated and 73% to 95% of these isolates were resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol and tetracycline but remain susceptible to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone. (biomedcentral.com)

The most severe form is due to Shigella dysenteriae. (familymednews.com)
RESULTS: During 2009-2018, 10 537 Shigella infections were reported in children and 1472 (14.0%) were severe. (cdc.gov)

Dehydration Seizures occur most often in children, although how Shigella causes this complications is unknown. (wikipedia.org)
Bloodstream infections may occur from Shigella. (wikipedia.org)
In the United States, most Shigella infections occur in young children and their care-takers and are due to a species called S. sonnei . (cdc.gov)

Bacteriologists have tried many methods over the years to tell one strain of Shigella sonnei from another, without a great deal of success. (cdc.gov)

Increase in extensively drug-resistant Shigella infections (shigellosis) in the United States. (cdc.gov)
and review what CDC is doing to learn more about extensively drug-resistant Shigella in the United States and how clinicians and public health officials can help through testing and reporting. (cdc.gov)
The global epidemiology of Shigella is worsened by the emergence and spread of multi- and extensively drug resistant (MDR and XDR) variants, making infections increasingly difficult to treat [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

An unusual cluster of 39 Shigella infections caused by another species, S. flexneri , occurred in Chicago in 2003 and 2004. (cdc.gov)
Increased invasive bloodstream infections caused by multidrug resistant Shigella sonnei were noted in Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada , during 2021-2023. (bvsalud.org)

In current scenario, majority of the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were shown to produce ESBL including Shigella . (biomedcentral.com)
Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) is one of the four Shigella species and a non-lactose fermenter member of the Enterobacteriaceae family. (biomedcentral.com)
The Enterobacteriaceae comprise a large number of clinically relevant species with several individual subspecies. (biomedcentral.com)

Kamble R . Case Study Bacteremia due to Shigella flexneri in an adult [Internet]. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Shigella bacteremia in adults. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Shigella is named after a Japanese researcher named Shiga who discovered the bacterium in 1897. (giantmicrobes.com)
The mcr-1 gene exists on a plasmid, a small piece of DNA that is capable of moving from one bacterium to another, potentially spreading antibiotic resistance to other bacterial species. (cdc.gov)

Improvements in identifying Shigella species, expanding treatment options for multidrug resistant infections , and developing public health partnerships are needed. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, these treatment failures highlight a need for comprehensive susceptibility testing and systematic outcome studies, particularly given the emergence of multidrug-resistant Shigella among an expanding range of patient populations. (cdc.gov)

The incubation period of Shigella dysenteriae ranges from 1 to 3 days after exposure. (stemcelldaily.com)
The incubation period for Shigella is 1 to 4 days. (msdmanuals.com)

Shigella thrives in the human intestine and is commonly spread through both food and person-to-person contact. (ufl.edu)
What foods have been commonly associated with Shigella ? (ufl.edu)
Shigella infections are most commonly seen in child-care settings and schools. (thelyonfirm.com)

The primary strategy of developing an efficacious Shigella vaccine has been to elicit antibody responses targeting Shigella O-antigen [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Once inside the vacuole, Shigella dysenteriae escapes by lysing the vacuolar membrane with another protein called IcsA (intracellular spread antigen). (stemcelldaily.com)

Shigella is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in resource-poor countries. (biomedcentral.com)
Shigella is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in resource-poor countries where children less than 5 years of age are major affected population [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In the United States, Shigella are the third most common causes of gastroenteritis, with more than 500,000 cases occurring annually. (intralytix.com)

The high abundance of BV related species in the urine of both men and women suggests that urine may act as a reservoir of pathogens and contribute to recurrence. (biomedcentral.com)

S. sonnei is the most common isolate in the US. (msdmanuals.com)

Le taux d'isolement était plus élevé en été, sauf pour Yersinia spp. (who.int)

4, 18] Of the six species of Listeria, only L. monocytogenes (pronounced maw-NO-site-aw-JUH-neez) causes disease in humans. (justia.com)
Previous studies indicate that the host of Shigella has expanded from humans to animals. (researchsquare.com)
Humans and higher primates are the only known hosts of Shigella . (ufl.edu)
humans are the only natural reservoir for Shigella . (msdmanuals.com)

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimated that Shigella causes over 130,000 cases per year in the US, which accounts for 1.4% of total foodborne illnesses (Scallan et al, 2011). (ufl.edu)

To learn about the diversity within Shigella sonnei and the evolution of its members, the authors tested a large collection of isolates from different times and places with a sensitive typing method to detect repeated sequences throughout the genome. (cdc.gov)

Shigella dysenteriae has produced epidemic shigellosis. (medscape.com)
Deaths from epidemic Shigella spp. (blogspot.com)

Shigella lives nearly exclusively in people's intestinal tracts where it can invade the cells lining the large intestine and cause serious disease. (cdc.gov)
We describe the first reported case of Shigella sonnei bacteraemia and intestinal coinfection with Clostridioides difficile in a cystic fibrosis patient. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It is also the only species that produces an exotoxin called Shiga toxin, which is responsible for the damage to the intestinal epithelium and the renal endothelium. (stemcelldaily.com)

No vaccines are available for Shigella. (wikipedia.org)
But there is no substantial evidence of efficacy for ETEC and shigella vaccines, although several promising vaccine concepts are moving from the development and testing pipeline towards efficacy and Phase 3 trials. (biomedcentral.com)
Many trials have been conducted over the years to create safe and effective Shigella vaccines, ranging from killed, live attenuated, and subunit vaccines [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These proteins are encoded by a large virulence plasmid (IPV) that is essential for the pathogenicity of Shigella. (stemcelldaily.com)
Invasion: Shigella dysenteriae uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject four Ipa proteins (IpaA, IpaB, IpaC, IpaD) into the cytoplasm of the target cells. (stemcelldaily.com)

In 2010, we observed isolates with matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns from 13 cases of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei in Montréal. (cdc.gov)
In July 2010, microbiology services at the Hôpital Saint-Luc alerted the public health department to S. sonnei resistant to ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and susceptible to ampicillin. (cdc.gov)
Public health officials sent a notice to physicians, clinics, and laboratories in Montréal to report the presence of ciprofloxacin-resistant S. sonnei among MSM and to describe the antimicrobial treatment with ampicillin or azithromycin, procedures for case reporting, and preventive measures ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
Retrospective searching of the notifiable disease database found ciprofloxacin-resistant S. sonnei with a different PFGE pattern that had been isolated in February 2010 from a female patient who had traveled to a country where shigellosis is highly prevalent. (cdc.gov)
Since 2017, CDC's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) has detected an increasing percentage of Shigella isolates that are resistant to both azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy1

Organisms10

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs7

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes2

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science1

Health Care5

Geographicals1

Boydii10

Infection26

Bacteria23

Escherichia10

Salmonella7

Outbreaks17

Genus3

Dysenteriae type3

Serotypes5

Diarrhea7

Stool8

Serotype2

Coli3

Bacillary4

Dysentery4

Pathogenic1

Susceptibility pattern2

Symptoms2

Outbreak4

Organisms3

Proteus1

Strains6

Gram-negative3

Fecal-oral1

Contamination1

Pathogen2

Shigellosis cases1

Antimicrobial-resistant2

Antigens8

Isolates were resistant to ampicillin2

Severe2

Occur3

Strain1

Extensively drug-resistant3

Infections caused2

Enterobacteriaceae3

Bacteremia2

Bacterium2

Multidrug resistant2

Incubation period2

Commonly3

Antigen2

Gastroenteritis3

Pathogens1

Isolate1

Yersinia1

Humans4

Prevention1

Genome1

Epidemic2

Intestinal3

Vaccines3

Proteins2

Resistant5