AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentDisciplines and OccupationsInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
Schistosoma haematobiumSchistosomiasis haematobiaSchistosoma mansoniBulinusSchistosomiasisSchistosomaPraziquantelParasite Egg CountAnthelminticsSchistosomicidesSchistosomiasis mansoniSnailsAntigens, HelminthUrineZimbabweAntibodies, HelminthHematuriaDNA, HelminthBiomphalariaEgyptAntiplatyhelmintic AgentsGhanaMaliTrichlorfonCote d'IvoireHelminthiasisKenyaSchistosomiasis japonicaCentral Nervous System Parasitic InfectionsUrinary Bladder DiseasesHelminth ProteinsUrinary TractDisease VectorsUrinary BladderReagent StripsEndemic DiseasesHelminthsGabonSenegalParasitologyFecesHepatomegalyHookworm InfectionsPrevalenceMolluscacidesEthylmorphineOxamniquineTanzaniaSulfaleneAfricaRural PopulationMorbidityGenital Diseases, FemaleGranuloma
SchistosomiasisJaponicumGenusBovisSnailsSchistosomesBulinusAfricaEggsParasiteEndemicParasitesFlukesHematuriaBladderTrematodesMorbidityTreatment with praziquantelPrevalenceHybridizationPrevalentWormsInteractionsSchistosome speciesMekongiUrineMansoni infectionsHostsSnail speciesAdultGenomesInfectionsStoolVectorsMiracidiumMefloquinePraziquantel treatmentSpecificityMicroscopyTransmission
Schistosomiasis37
Japonicum23
  • Disease is the result of ectopic deposition of eggs in the spinal cord ( S. mansoni or S. haematobium ) or brain ( S. japonicum ) and inflammatory reactions, typically the formation of granulomas that act as space occupying lesions. (cdc.gov)
  • Snails of the genera Biomphalaria, Bulinus, Neotricula , and Oncomelania are the principal intermediate hosts for S mansoni, S haematobium, S mekongi, and S japonicum, respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Adult S haematobium organisms are mostly found in the venous plexuses of the bladder, prostate, and uterus, whereas adult S intercalatum, S japonicum, S mansoni, and S mekongi organisms are observed in the portal, inferior, and superior mesenteric veins. (medscape.com)
  • Eggs are deposited in the terminal venules of the bladder ( S haematobium ), intestine, and rectum ( S intercalatum, S japonicum, S mansoni, and S mekongi ), where they mature over the next 10 days into a larval form known as a miracidium. (medscape.com)
  • Egg of Schistosoma japonicum from a fecal smear is shown. (medscape.com)
  • At least five known species infect humans, the three most common being Schistosoma haematobium , S japonicum , and S mansoni . (appliedradiology.com)
  • For example, S haematobium usually infects the urinary system, while S japonicum and S mansoni migrate and infect areas in the gastrointestinal tract. (appliedradiology.com)
  • 1 At this point, S haematobium migrates to the venous plexus of the bladder, while S japonicum and mansoni migrate to the venules in the small and large intestine. (appliedradiology.com)
  • We assembled and aligned the S. haematobium sequences to the genomes of S. mansoni and S. japonicum , identifying microsatellite DNA loci across all three species and designing primers to amplify the loci in S. haematobium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequence conservation among S. haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mansoni is relatively high, thus it should now be possible to identify markers that are universal among Schistosoma species (i.e., using DNA sequences conserved among species) , as well as other markers that are specific to species or species-groups (i.e., using DNA sequences that differ among species). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Full genome-sequencing of additional species and specimens of S. haematobium, S. japonicum, and S. mansoni is desirable to better characterize differences within and among these species, to develop additional genetic markers, and to examine genes as well as conserved non-coding elements associated with drug resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chronic symptoms vary with species but include bloody diarrhea (eg, with S. mansoni , S. mekongi , S. intercalatum , and S. japonicum ) or hematuria (eg, with S. haematobium ). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Adult Schistosoma worms live and copulate within venules of the mesentery (typically S. mekongi , S. intercalatum , S. japonicum and S. mansoni ) or bladder (typically S. haematobium ). (merckmanuals.com)
  • There are three main species of Schistosoma that together infect over 200 million individuals, S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum. (bibalex.org)
  • Schistosoma haematobium , S. mansoni and S. japonicum . (wikitropica.org)
  • Infections with Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. mekongi, and S. intercalatum are associated with intestinal lesions and chronic hepatic fibrosis. (wikitropica.org)
  • The major causes of the disease are Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma haematobium . (scialert.net)
  • Schistosoma mansoni and S. japonicum primarily affect the intestine and liver, causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and liver damage. (who.int)
  • Description: The kit take the Schistosoma japonicum eggs antigen as the solid phase antigen to detect specific antibody against Schistosoma japonicum in serum. (gfpvector.com)
  • Description: For the qualitative determination of IgM class antibodies against Schistosoma japonicum in human serum and plasma. (gfpvector.com)
  • It presents several species, such as Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni, the latter being responsible for parasitosis in Brazil. (medbullets.com)
  • The same drug - Praziquantel is used against all four species and the two-other species prevalent only in Asia - Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mekongi . (countdowncameroon.org)
  • In the Philippines, the disease is caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma japonicum , which is often found in freshwater snails. (healthypilipinas.ph)
Genus8
Bovis14
  • We analyzed the ITS and 18S sequence identity by visual comparison to personal reference sequences for each species ( S. haematobium , S. bovis, and S. mattheei ). (cdc.gov)
  • The distribution of Schistosoma bovis Sonsino, 1876 in relation to intermediate host mollusc-parasite relationship. (ajtmh.org)
  • PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS2 region to identify Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis from Kenya. (ajtmh.org)
  • Reads were mapped against S. bovis and S. haematobium reference genomes to identify schistosome infections, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were scored using the Stacks pipeline. (africamuseum.be)
  • A rapid diagnostic 'mulitplex' one-step polymerase chain reaction protocol (RD-PCR) was developed using cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to discriminate between S. haematobium and S. bovis. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • A single forward primer and two species-specific reverse primers were used to produce a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment of 306 bp and 543 bp for S. bovis and S. haematobium, respectively. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • This RD-PCR proved highly sensitive, detecting a single larval stage and as little as 0.78 ng of genomic DNA (gDNA) from an adult schistosome, providing a cost-effective, rapid and robust molecular tool for high-throughput screening of S. haematobium and S. bovis populations. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • S. bovis in some but not all bulinid species. (unm.edu)
  • A duplex tetra-primer ARMS-PCR assay to discriminate three species of the Schistosoma haematobium group: Schistosoma curassoni, S. bovis, S. haematobium and their hybrids. (cdc.gov)
  • Schistosoma haematobium/Schistosoma intercalatum and Schistosoma bovis/Schistosoma curassoni, a specific mate choice system apparently does not exist, whereas it does in other combinations, e.g. (schisto.com)
  • Observations on natural and experimental interactions between Schistosoma bovis and S. curassoni from West Africa. (typeset.io)
  • Surveys of 332 naturally infected bovines at eight abattoirs in Senegal, The Gambia and Mali were carried out to determine the prevalence of infection with Schistosoma bovis and S. curassoni and to pinpoint areas where the distribution of the species overlap. (typeset.io)
  • In this article, nuclear and mitochondrial markers revealed unexpected natural interactions between a bovine and human Schistosoma species: S. bovis and S. haematobium. (typeset.io)
  • Hybrid schistosomes recovered from the urine and faeces of children and the intermediate snail hosts of both parental species, Bulinus truncatus and B. globosus, presented a nuclear ITS rRNA sequence identical to S. haematobium, while the partial mitochondrial cox1 sequence was identified as S. bovis. (typeset.io)
Snails6
  • Conclusions: HIS techniques offer a valuable toolbox to further investigate the population genetic patterns of intermediate schistosome host snails and the role of snail species in parasite transmission. (africamuseum.be)
  • After swimming around for a while, a miracidium penetrates a snail (each parasite species is restricted to its own range of host snails). (wikitropica.org)
  • In the present study, glucose, acid and alkaline phosphatases (ACP and ALP), α-amylase and lipase were measured for the first time in tissue homogenates of Biomphalaria arabica snails, molluscan intermediate host for Schistosoma mansoni in Saudi Arabia. (scialert.net)
  • Many plant species have been evaluated as sources of naturally chemicals to control schistosome snails (Silva et al . (scialert.net)
  • In Cameroon for example, the transmission is not uniform because what happens in one locality is completely different from others, the dynamic of transmission is different, the snails' species are different, the interactions between the snails and parasites are different, the re-infection rates also differ. (countdowncameroon.org)
  • Miracidial host-finding in Fasciola hepatica and Trichobilharzia ocellata is stimulated by species-specific glycoconjugates released from the host snails. (mpg.de)
Schistosomes5
  • Other species of animal schistosomes cause human infection, including schistosomes of birds and small mammals that cannot mature in the human host but die in the skin where they cause dermatitis. (medscape.com)
  • Five species of schistosomes are known to infect humans and lay eggs (complete their life cycle). (wikitropica.org)
  • The occurrence and significance of parthenogenesis in schistosomes and other species of Digenea are discussed. (schisto.com)
  • We tested the in vitro and in vivo activity of emodepside on nematode species that serve as models for human soil-transmitted helminth infection as well as on schistosomes. (unibas.ch)
  • Avec 5,6 %, la préva- lence de l'infection par les schistosomes était faible : 3,3 % pour Schistosoma haematobium (moyenne géométrique de 0,16 oeufs/10 mL d'urine) et 2,3 % pour S. mansoni (0,18 oeufs/g de selles). (who.int)
Bulinus5
  • The sympatric occurrence of these two species and their ability to infect the same Bulinus intermediate snail hosts necessitates precise methods of identification of the larval stages. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Each of the 38 Bulinus species vary in their ability to vector schistosome species and non-schistosome trematodes resulting in a patchwork of snail-parasite compatibilities. (unm.edu)
  • The phylogenetic relationships among species of Bulinus were investigated using barcoding genes as well as comparisons among mitogenomes. (unm.edu)
  • Divergent Effects of Schistosoma haematobium Exposure on Intermediate-Host Snail Species Bulinus nasutus and Bulinus globosus from Coastal Kenya. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interactions between Schistosoma haematobium group species and their Bulinus spp. (worktribe.com)
Africa4
Eggs8
  • Comparison of DNA sequences from eggs of 3 Schistosoma species, Malawi. (cdc.gov)
  • S. haematobium adult worms are found in the venous plexus of the lower urinary tract and eggs are shed in urine. (cdc.gov)
  • S. haematobium eggs tend to lodge in the urinary tract causing damage that can lead to dysuria and hematuria. (cdc.gov)
  • Schistosome eggs contain spines in various positions, depending on the species (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • This illustration depicts a number of trematode species eggs, which have been found in human stool specimens. (cdc.gov)
  • Symptoms mostly depend on the species of blood fluke and where in the body the fluke lays most of its eggs. (healthypilipinas.ph)
  • 2008) With predictions to colonize the lower pelvic venous system, especially the vesical plexus , eggs of S.haematobium are typically voided in urine and detected by urine microscopy ( Stothard et al ,2014). (researchkey.net)
  • Schistosoma mansoni is one of the most widespread species, and its routine diag- nosis is based on microscopic detection of parasite eggs in stool samples. (cdc.gov)
Parasite6
  • The blind GBS technique was able to pick up parasite DNA in snail tissue, demonstrating the potential of HTS techniques to further elucidate the role of snail species in parasite transmission. (africamuseum.be)
  • It is often spread through poor personal hygiene or exposure to water contaminated with the parasite Schistosoma , such as during farming or fishing. (healthypilipinas.ph)
  • In this project thesis, we propose to study (i) the immunopathological impacts of Schistosoma-Plasmodium coinfection in a murine model, (ii) the impact of coinfection on each parasite evolutionary development and their compatibility with subsequent hosts, (iii) the effect of new molecules against both parasites in an unprecedented coinfection approach. (franceetcroissant.com)
  • A repeated standard dose of 40 mg/kg achieved satisfactory efficacy compared to a single dose against both parasite species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In parasite endemic areas, bacterial and parasitic co-infections may occur, however in Saint-Louis region which is a Schistosoma-endemic area, little is known about this association. (academicjournals.org)
  • RESULTS: Out of the 273 school children, 84(30.8%) were infected with at least one parasite species. (bvsalud.org)
Endemic6
  • Transmission of these species does not occur within the United States (including Puerto Rico) and Canada, but the disease may be present in travelers and immigrants from endemic areas. (merckmanuals.com)
  • A recent study in two neighboring co-endemic communities in Senegal indicated that infection intensities of both species were higher in mixed than in single infections. (itg.be)
  • The parasites are frequently co-endemic and many individuals are co-infected with two or more of the species, but information on how the parasites interact in co-infected individuals is scarce. (ac.ke)
  • The present study assessed Schistosoma haematobium and STH infection and morbidity patterns among school children in a hyper-endemic focus in the Tana River delta of coastal Kenya. (ac.ke)
  • Thus, the evaluation of the impact bacterial and parasitic co-infection in the urinary tract should have a particular interest especially in Schistosoma endemic area and need further study to better understand the potential interactions. (academicjournals.org)
  • Laboratory diagnosis are inadequate consequently, for women of reproductive age living in areas endemic for S. haematobium , FGS remains highly prevalent and under- diagnosed due to low index of suspicion among health-care professionals. (researchkey.net)
Parasites4
  • Along with other helminth parasites Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini, S. haematobium was declared as Group 1 (extensively proven) carcinogens by the WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans in 2009. (wikipedia.org)
  • Molecular tools, in particular, will allow researchers to determine whether changes in gene frequencies provide insight into the effectiveness of treatment, understand the impacts of treatment on the gene pool and population structure of Schistosoma parasites, and establish whether movement of humans from refugia or non-treated areas introduces new parasites into local populations [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Towards these ends, this thesis identifies bulinid species and the parasites they transmit and implicates certain species in the transmission of S. haematobium . (unm.edu)
  • Other things that in recent years have attracted researchers to the Nordic herbarium are among other things the possibilities to obtain from the collections unique information about the phenology of species (like flowering time), chemical contents (like environmental toxins) and parasites (like micro-fungi and bile-forming insects), and how these have changed over time and space. (lu.se)
Flukes3
  • The schistosoma blood flukes have a unique life cycle requiring two hosts to reproduce and survive. (appliedradiology.com)
  • Flukes are parasitic flatworms that infect various parts of the body (eg, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, liver) depending on the species. (merckmanuals.com)
  • A species of trematode blood flukes of the family Schistosomatidae. (lookformedical.com)
Hematuria3
  • Patients with a chronic infection caused by S haematobium most commonly present with hematuria, dysuria, urinary frequency, and suprapubic discomfort. (appliedradiology.com)
  • Chronic lesions due to S. haematobium: hematuria, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency, genital lesions, right heart decompensation due to pulmonary hypertension secondary to lung fibrosis. (wikitropica.org)
  • In our study population, patients presenting hematuria were likely to have S. haematobium . (springeropen.com)
Bladder6
  • Research has shown a relationship between S. haematobium infection and the development of urinary bladder cancer [1]. (blogspot.com)
  • S. haematobium causes the disease urinary shistosomiasis, and there has also been a positive correlation between S. haematobium infection and urinary bladder cancer. (blogspot.com)
  • S. haematobium primarily affects the urinary system, leading to urinary tract infections, and bladder cancer, and can cause blood in the urine. (who.int)
  • Schistosoma haematobium-specific bladder morbidity was observed in 83% and S. mansoni-specific hepatic fibrosis in 27% of the participants. (itg.be)
  • Bladder morbidity was positively associated with S. haematobium infection intensity (OR = 1.9 (95% CI 1.3-2.9) for a 10-fold increase in intensity). (itg.be)
  • They even tended to reduce the risk of S. haematobium-associated morbidity, suggesting a protective effect of S. mansoni infection on bladder morbidity. (itg.be)
Trematodes1
  • Our system for intensive investigation is the salt marshes of California and Baja California, where about 20 species of trematodes parasitize a wide array of invertebrates and vertebrates. (ucsb.edu)
Morbidity3
  • Here, we investigated the relationship between mixed Schistosoma infections and morbidity in the same population. (itg.be)
  • Schistosoma-specific morbidity was assessed by ultrasound according to WHO guidelines. (itg.be)
  • CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This is the first population-wide study on the relationship between mixed Schistosoma infections and morbidity. (itg.be)
Treatment with praziquantel1
Prevalence1
Hybridization3
  • 1. Boon NAM, Fannes W, Rombouts S, Polman K, Volckaert FAM, Huyse T. Detecting hybridization in African schistosome species: does egg morphology complement molecular species identification? (cdc.gov)
  • Bidirectional introgressive hybridization between a cattle and human schistosome species. (typeset.io)
  • The data provide indisputable evidence for the occurrence of bidirectional introgressive hybridization between a bovine and a human Schistosoma species. (typeset.io)
Prevalent1
Worms4
  • This study aimed for assessment of antischistosomal properties of an antimalarial drug, mefloquine (MFQ), on juvenile and adult Schistosoma haematobium worms. (eg.net)
  • There are 23 species of schistosome parasitic worms: six infect people, others infect domestic animals. (infontd.org)
  • A mixed experimental infection of both species in a sheep showed the lack of any specific mate recognition system: identification of the worms was facilitated by analysis of acid phosphatase by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. (typeset.io)
  • In the developing world, over 207 million people are infected with parasitic Schistosoma worms. (cdc.gov)
Interactions1
  • Little is known about how this species affects plant-pollinator interactions and soil-chemical properties. (ac.tz)
Schistosome species2
  • Globally, more than 200 million people are infected with one of three Schistosome species, including an estimated 40 million women of reproductive age. (medbullets.com)
  • OXA, however, is not active against the three Schistosome species. (medbullets.com)
Mekongi1
Urine2
  • Following a baseline study, S. haematobium egg load was determined using the urine filtration technique and microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Cameroon despite high community prevelence of urine-patient, S. haematobium infection is yet to be studied in depth. (researchkey.net)
Mansoni infections1
  • The search included studies published from 2008 to 2017 (August) with emphasis on the efficacy of praziquantel on S. haematobium and S. mansoni infections among preschool and school children. (biomedcentral.com)
Hosts2
  • S. haematobium locate suitable snail hosts by using external stimuli such as light and snail-derived chemicals. (blogspot.com)
  • Some ecological factors like water quality, temperature, microphytes, human settlements contribute significantly to the distribution of these intermediate hosts of Schistosoma. (oap-bioscience.org)
Snail species2
  • Also, the effect of sublethal concentrations (LC 25 ) of dry powdered Solanum nigrum leaf was tested as plant molluscicide against this snail species. (scialert.net)
  • Host-finding in Echinostoma caproni: miracidia and cercariae use different signals to identify the same snail species. (mpg.de)
Adult2
  • Adult Schistosoma haematobium has male and female, which are permanently paired (a condition called in copula) as what looks like an individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • Results concluded by this study elucidate promising MFQ antischistosomal efficacy on both juvenile and adult stages of S. haematobium with more evident effect on juvenile forms, which enforces the potential use of MFQ as an effective antischistosomal drug. (eg.net)
Genomes2
  • The three Schistosoma genomes contained similar overall frequencies of microsatellites, but the frequency and length distributions of specific motifs differed among species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With this aim the genomes of the three species have been sequenced. (bibalex.org)
Infections7
  • Infections with all major Schistosoma species can be treated with praziquantel. (cdc.gov)
  • within the Region it has become more common in the southern Sudan where anthro- ponotic and zoonotic sub-species infections overlap. (who.int)
  • Species of fungi associated with urogenital fungal infections include Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida species, and Torulopsis glabrata. (medscape.com)
  • Yet, little is known about the consequences of mixed Schistosoma infections for the human host. (itg.be)
  • Here this study aim to investigate the spectrum of bacterial and parasitic urinary infections as well as co-infections with both species. (academicjournals.org)
  • In the region of Saint-Louis, the urinary tract infections are dominated by bacterial infections including mainly E. coli and Klebsiella spp and may, for lesser extent, be caused by Schistosoma haematobium and Trichomonas vaginalis . (academicjournals.org)
  • 113 797, with 21 393 schoolchildren en- for both S. haematobium and S. mansoni rolled in 90 schools according to the statisti- infections. (who.int)
Stool1
Vectors1
Miracidium1
Mefloquine1
Praziquantel treatment1
  • One goal of the SCORE program is to understand and document whether changes in drug tolerance arise during different drug administration programs, and specific genetic assays are needed to better monitor population structure and potential changes in Schistosoma populations under praziquantel treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Specificity2
  • Serial dilutions were carried out on various lifecycle stages and species combinations to test the sensitivity and specificity of the primers. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Schistosoma mansoni miracidial host-finding: Species specificity of an Egyptian strain. (mpg.de)
Microscopy1
Transmission1
  • We have now developed loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for identifying Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium to facilitate large-scale evaluation of post-intervention transmission potential. (huji.ac.il)