AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, Agriculture
QuinineAntimalarialsQuinidineMuscle CrampTasteSleep-Wake Transition DisordersMefloquineArtemisininsMalaria, FalciparumParasitic Sensitivity TestsCinchona AlkaloidsBlackwater FeverSesquiterpenesChloroquinePlasmodium falciparumAdministration, RectalChorda Tympani NerveMuscle Relaxants, CentralGlossopharyngeal NerveDrug ResistanceSucroseAgastacheAndropogonCellophaneAntsBeesFoeniculumButterflies
CinchonaBarkChloroquineWorld'sQuinidinePlasmodiumCompoundsGenusBabesiosisRubiaceae10mgKloraneTonic waterPlantsMedicinalAspirinCommonlySouth AmericaInvasive speciesFeverNaturallyBirdsOccursTreatmentTreePrairieAfricaInfectionsPatients1993HumansWildParasiteFoundTropicalLiverWidelyDrugsNativeNaturalDiversityDataHistoryWorldTransmissionPlantLeaf
Cinchona18
  • Curare comes from a tropical vine and quinine from the cinchona tree. (google.com)
  • Several species of Cinchona are the natural source of quinine, which has long been used worldwide as a treatment for malaria. (efloras.org)
  • Cinchona is native to South America, where its species are not all well differentiated, are morphologically variable, and hybridize freely especially in cultivation, where numerous artificial hybrids have been created. (efloras.org)
  • In Bolivia his servant, Manuel Incra Manami, had spent four years collecting cinchona seeds, highly prized for their quinine but a prohibited export. (edu.au)
  • Plantations of the species, later named Cinchona ledgeriana , provided much of the world's quinine from 1900 to 1940. (edu.au)
  • The class of chemical compounds to which quinine belongs is called the cinchona alkaloids. (labonline.com.au)
  • The small tree Cinchona pubescens, a source of quinine which is used to treat malaria, is found widely in the Andes as far south as Bolivia . (adventurealternative.com)
  • Peruvian bark (sometimes called cinchona and quinine) is only to be administered with proper professional knowledge. (crescentbloom.com)
  • Other species with the same medicinal qualities include Cinchona ledgeriana and Chinchona calisaya. (crescentbloom.com)
  • The new frog species, most belonging to the genus Philautus, were found in remnant forests in a part of the island nation that had been largely deforested by British colonial planters to make room for plantations of tea, rubber, and cinchona, a tree whose bark is used to make the malaria treatment quinine. (harvard.edu)
  • repens refers to the plant's creeping stems and adventitious roots.Mitchella is classified in the madder family, Rubiaceae, and is therefore related to other Virginia native plants such as bluets (Houstonia), buttonbush (Cephalanthus), bedstraws (Galium), and a host of familiar tropical plants, including coffee (Coffea), quinine (Cinchona), and ipecac (Carapichea, formerly Cephaelis). (vnps.org)
  • Quinquinas (ken-key-nah) traditionally contained cinchona bark, which provides quinine. (diffordsguide.com)
  • Coffea, Cinchona as a source of quinine). (bergianska.se)
  • Averill: Quinine, the alkaline derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, would prove the most effective treatment for malarial fever and infection in human history. (digpodcast.org)
  • Quinine and a host of related compounds are found in the bark of trees of the genus Cinchona, which grow on the eastern and western slopes of the Andes in some of the most forbidding and inaccessible landscapes on earth. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • Nonetheless, seeds of a number of Cinchona species made it to Kew Gardens and to far-flung parts of the British and Dutch empires where plantations were established. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • Cinchona is a large and diverse genus, and the trees make different amounts and qualities of quinine. (timeshighereducation.com)
  • Quinine hydrochloride, t he hydrochloride of a natural substance, quinine, obtained from the bark of various species of Cinchona including Cinchona succirubra, Pavon. (whmulei.com)
Bark6
  • species because its bark is naturally rich in Quinine, a molecule with powerful, scientifically shown and patented stimulating properties. (boots.com)
  • Both of these drugs are structurally related to quinine, the famous 'Jesuit Bark' ( Chinchona spp. (dadamo.com)
  • The bark was formally used as a substitute for quinine to reduce fever. (finehardwoodboxes.com)
  • Quinine, the alkaline derived from the bark of the quina-quina tree, would prove the most effective treatment for malarial fever and infection in human history. (digpodcast.org)
  • In the decades after the bark of the tree was exported to Europe, every state with imperialist aspirations wanted access to quinine. (digpodcast.org)
  • Markham's efforts to establish "red bark" tree plantations in India were less productive of quinine but more effective from a humanitarian perspective. (timeshighereducation.com)
Chloroquine3
  • ABSTRACT Pregnant Sudanese women who presented at a hospital in eastern Sudan with chloroquine- resistant falciparum malaria were randomly allocated to one of two quinine regimens: low-dose (10 mg/kg 2 times/day) (18 patients) or standard (10 mg/kg 3 times/day) (24 patients). (who.int)
  • Quinine is the treatment of choice for se- and obstetric history, physical examination vere and chloroquine-resistant falciparum and use of antimalarials in the 3 weeks be- malaria. (who.int)
  • 1992) that chloroquine treatment of rats eventually would lead to infertility by resulting in late germ cell developmental with depletion of spermatids (Abayomi O, 1992).This suggested the requirement for the quinine to occupied a place as a male contraceptive agent in humans (Osinubi et al. (researchgate.net)
World's4
  • 10/04/2010) In all the discussions of saving the world's biodiversity from extinction, one point is often and surprisingly forgotten: the importance of the world's species in providing humankind with a multitude of life-saving medicines so far, as well as the certainty that more vital medications are out there if only we save the unheralded animals and plants that contain cures unknown. (mongabay.com)
  • Reefs protect shorelines against storms and erosion, provide food security for some of the world's poorest, draw tourism, and provide habitat for a quarter of the world's marine species. (mongabay.com)
  • Medicines for some of the world's worst diseases-from cancer to AIDs to malaria-have also been found among coral species. (mongabay.com)
  • Over 70% of the world's plant and animal species live in forests. (labonline.com.au)
Quinidine4
  • The kinetics of inhibition of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity by quinidine and quinine in rat and human liver microsomes have been compared. (nih.gov)
  • In rat liver microsomes quinine is approximately 50 times more potent an inhibitor (IC50:2.4 microM) than quinidine (IC50:137 microM). (nih.gov)
  • Inhibition of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity by both quinine and quinidine in human and rat liver is competitive. (nih.gov)
  • Although both quinidine and quinine are competitive inhibitors of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity in rat and man, their potency is reversed. (nih.gov)
Plasmodium7
  • Falciparum malaria Malaria is infection with Plasmodium species. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Drugs active against Plasmodium falciparum also are active against the other three malaria species that affect humans- P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale- with the exception of antifols, which work poorly against P. vivax . (nationalacademies.org)
  • Treatment and prophylaxis depend on the Plasmodium species and drug sensitivity and the patient's clinical status. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Concurrent infection with more than one Plasmodium species is uncommon but can occur. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The basic elements of the life cycle are the same for all Plasmodium species. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Problem/Condition: Malaria is caused by infection with one of four species of Plasmodium (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae), which are transmitted by the bite of an infective female Anopheles sp. (cdc.gov)
  • Malaria is caused by infection with one of four species of Plasmodium (P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale, and P. malariae). (cdc.gov)
Compounds1
  • The quest for quinine led to a robust smuggling ring empowered by the Age of Revolutions, significant advances in the synthesis of organic compounds, the start of homeopathy, and the invention of the British Empire's cocktail of choice. (digpodcast.org)
Genus1
  • The only other species in the genus, Mitchella undulata, from Taiwan, Korea, and Japan, is similar to our North American plant.Although edible, partridge berries are described as tasteless or, at best, mildly aromatic. (vnps.org)
Babesiosis1
  • Babesiosis Babesiosis is infection with Babesia species of protozoa. (merckmanuals.com)
Rubiaceae2
  • The Rubiaceae is the fifth largest flowering plant familiy with over 13 000 species and mostly tropical or subtropical but with about five hundred species in the temperate regions. (bergianska.se)
  • Parts of the research have dealt particularly with Madagascar and its many endemic Rubiaceae species. (bergianska.se)
10mg2
  • Group 1 (control) were given clean drinking water and rat chow, group 2 were given intra-muscular (IM) quinine injection 10mg/kg body weight + water + rat chow. (researchgate.net)
  • Group 3 and 4 were given, IM quinine 10mg/kg body weight + water + rat chow and graded proportions of extract of Telfairia occidentalis of 4.5g, and 6.0g, respectively. (researchgate.net)
Klorane1
  • Klorane has joined forces with 11 countries in Africa to create a multi-species plant belt that will span the African continent from Dakar to Djibouti. (klorane.com)
Tonic water2
Plants6
  • Year-round moderate temperatures, abundant rainfall, and rich soils make tropical Latin America home to nearly 100,000 of the worlda (TM)s 300,000 known species of plants, and therefore home to untold numbers of potential cures. (google.com)
  • Plants, along with many animal species, are currently threatened by a wide-variety of factors with some of the largest including deforestation, habitat loss, invasive species, pollution, and climate change. (mongabay.com)
  • According to the study, nine out of ten tropical plants from Africa, Asia, and South America lack the minimum number of collections needed (at least 20) to determine the species' range, and therefore predict the impact of climate change. (mongabay.com)
  • Surveys of this property have recorded over 500 different plants including Woolly Milkweed, Prairie Indian-Plantain, Hill's Thistle, Wild Quinine, and Prairie Turnip. (theprairieenthusiasts.org)
  • About 30,000 species of Vascular plants live in the Andes, vascular plants include the club mosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers) and angiosperms (flowering plants). (adventurealternative.com)
  • The use of plants for medicinal purposes is especially prevalent among indigenous peoples -- the people of Southeast Asian forests used 6,500 species, while Northwest Amazonian forest dwellers used 1300 species for medicinal purposes. (butlernature.com)
Medicinal3
  • This process generates bio-char, a natural fertilizer that will contribute to cloud forest restoration through one million quinine trees, iconic species to Peru with medicinal properties. (ftnnews.com)
  • Quinine trees with their medicinal properties are considered an iconic species in Peru. (ftnnews.com)
  • One study examining 2253 Amazon tree species found 44% of them had beneficial medicinal properties. (labonline.com.au)
Aspirin2
  • Already, species have provided humankind everything from quinine to aspirin, from morphine to numerous cancer and HIV-fighting drugs. (mongabay.com)
  • Indeed, many of the pharmaceuticals currently available to Western doctors have a long history of use as herbal remedies including quinine, opium, aspirin, and coca. (butlernature.com)
Commonly2
  • It is commonly known as the quinine tree. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1998), followed here, who clarified the identities of the commonly cultivated species. (efloras.org)
South America1
  • Machu Picchu is not only an archaeological wonder but also a natural habitat for species such as the only bear species native to South America, the spectacled bear ( Tremarctos ornatus) , as well as endemic birds and orchids. (ftnnews.com)
Invasive species2
  • In this study, FDOM was measured in 92 ships arriving at Pacific ports on the US west coast and in New Zealand, and used to assess their compliance with ballast water regulations that required 95% replacement of port water to minimize invasive species risks. (frontiersin.org)
  • This authority was soon extended to other regions of the country by the National Invasive Species Act of 1996 (H. R. 4283, 104 Congress of the United States). (frontiersin.org)
Fever1
  • The species increased again after 2000 with the advent Nile fever. (cdc.gov)
Naturally1
  • Quinine is an alkaloid , a naturally occurring chemical compound. (whmulei.com)
Birds2
  • Though wind-pollinated and thus of little interest to pollinators, the drupes (fruits) of this tree feed 48 species of birds, and many mammals. (bedfordaudubon.org)
  • In the Andes about 3,700 species of animals can be found, including 500 species of mammals, 1,600 species of birds, 500 species of reptiles, and 300 species of fishes, and more than 100 species of amphibians. (adventurealternative.com)
Occurs1
Treatment1
  • 10 ] necessitates the use of alternative drugs group) and quinine 10 mg/kg 3 times/day for the treatment of falciparum infections, for 7 days (TDS group). (who.int)
Tree2
  • This is true for the island's amphibians, and especially tree frogs, which have undergone a unique and explosive adaptive radiation numbering hundreds of species. (harvard.edu)
  • In 2002, Meegaskumbura, together with other Sri Lankan scientists and researchers from Boston University, told the world what they found: as many as 100 new species of tree frogs in the high cloud forests and lowland rainforests of Sri Lanka. (harvard.edu)
Prairie6
  • 3 acre dry-mesic prairie with many species including Compass-Plant, Rough Blazing-star and Downy Phlox. (theprairieenthusiasts.org)
  • More than 80 native plant species featuring Upland Boneset, Great Plains Lady's Tresses, Butterfly Milkweed, Prairie Indian Plantain, Prairie Dropseed and large areas of oak barrens and bur and white oak savanna. (theprairieenthusiasts.org)
  • The rugged terrain is home to a number of rare species including Purple Milkweed, Prairie Indian Plantain, Jeweled Shooting Star, Pickerel Frog and Prairie Ring-Necked Snake. (theprairieenthusiasts.org)
  • This area is the gem of this parcel and contains a number of species rarely found in Wisconsin, including Rattlesnake master, Yellow-headed fox sedge, and Prairie gray sedge. (theprairieenthusiasts.org)
  • Prairie Indian plantain, a threatened species, is also found in this community. (theprairieenthusiasts.org)
  • This native plant is a characteristic species of high-quality upland prairie plant communities. (mo.gov)
Africa1
  • Lassa fe- Lassa virus in many more districts and states in en- ver is endemic in West Africa and has been reported demic countries of the West African sub-region and from Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, and Nigeria4-7. (folkhalsomyndigheten.se)
Infections1
  • Anaerobic infections can include both single anaerobic species or multiple anaerobic species with. (merckmanuals.com)
Patients1
  • The standard dose of quinine is 10 mg/ up, all patients were asked daily about the kg, 3 times per day for 7 days [ 12 ]. (who.int)
19931
  • Damage caused to the Great Lakes by the Zebra Mussel, including extensive fouling and clogging of water intake pipes and impacts on native species, led in 1993 to the first ballast water exchange (BWE) requirements for ships entering the Great Lakes from outside the US exclusive economic zone. (frontiersin.org)
Humans1
  • Humans are the only species that enjoys bitter taste," says Charles Zuker, a neuroscientist at the University Of California School Of Medicine at San Diego. (ieltsquangbinh.com)
Wild4
  • The site has over 55 species including such rarities as cream gentian, wild quinine and tall nut rush. (theprairieenthusiasts.org)
  • American feverfew, or wild quinine, is a perennial herb with stems single, usually unbranched below the flower cluster. (mo.gov)
  • The names feverfew and wild quinine indicate that the plant was used medicinally. (mo.gov)
  • American feverfew, or wild quinine, was once used medicinally. (mo.gov)
Parasite2
  • Thin smears aid in parasite species identification and quantification. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, microscopy should also be done as soon as possible to confirm RDT results, and determine both species and parasite density. (cdc.gov)
Found1
  • Among 7 Culex species recorded its larvae can be found in semipermanent reed marshes, in the Camargue ( 17 ), Culex (Barraudius) modestus Ficalbi irrigation canals, and rice fi elds ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Tropical1
  • 02/14/2011) How many tropical plant species are threatened by climate change? (mongabay.com)
Liver2
  • The purpose of the present study was to clarify the species differences between mice and rats in UGT activities using duodenal and liver microsomes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We clarified that the species differences in UGT activity evaluated by the CL int or CL max values in liver and duodenum varied according to the substrate. (aspetjournals.org)
Widely1
  • is also a Palearctic species, widely distrib- equine cases in 2003 and 2006 elsewhere along the Medi- uted from Europe to India, especially in delta areas, where terranean Coast ( 13 - 16 ). (cdc.gov)
Drugs1
  • All quinine-analog drugs have the potential for side effects. (dadamo.com)
Native1
  • More than 60 native plant species were planted strategically so that flowers bloom from April through October. (awealthofnature.org)
Natural1
  • The Quinine Hair Strengthening Serum is a highly effective concentrate with 98% natural-origin ingredients to strengthen hair and help reduce hair loss. (boots.com)
Diversity3
  • From World War II to 1971, past 60 years, 2) it contains a great abundance and diversity populations of these species increased as rice cultivation expanded in the region in a political context that supported of mosquito-breeding sites and thus hosts large mosquito agriculture. (cdc.gov)
  • A new study finds that diversity of plant species matters-big time. (mongabay.com)
  • Lead author Brad Cardinale of the University of Michigan says that future studies in plant diversity and biodiversity will help researchers "calculate the number of species needed to support the variety of processes required to sustain life in real ecosystems. (mongabay.com)
Data1
  • This suggests that the nature of the active site of cytochrome P-450dbl differs between the two species, and indicates that data on the specificity of this isoenzyme in the rat should be extrapolated to man with extreme caution. (nih.gov)
History1
  • He takes us through the complicated history of the search for quinine, a compound with seemingly magical properties that could quickly alleviate malaria's symptoms. (timeshighereducation.com)
World1
  • The first sporadic report of the isolation of this species from the ear canal of a patient in Asia was in 2009 and reports from other regions of the world soon followed. (cdc.gov)
Transmission1
  • Since 2000, WNV-related disease has reappeared Turkey, Greece, and France ( 23 , 24 ), and this species was in southern France, causing equine outbreaks in 2000 (76 involved in malaria transmission in the north of Afghani- confi rmed cases) and 2004 (32 confi rmed cases) in the Ca- stan ( 25 ). (cdc.gov)
Plant1
  • It's the most rigorous and comprehensive analysis yet, and it clearly shows that extinction of plant species compromises the productivity that supports Earth's ecosystems. (mongabay.com)
Leaf1
  • The pale green female flowers of this dioecious species are borne singly at each leaf node. (desertmuseum.org)