Somatic cell aging. Medical search. Frequent questions

Germline mutations are more harmful than mutations in somatic cells? (physicsforums.com)
And cells get mutations in their DNA, including the parts they don't use/express, right? (physicsforums.com)
And what about mutations in germline cells? (physicsforums.com)
Mutations can kill or not kill the cells they are in, depending on the details of the mutation and the cell. (physicsforums.com)
Mutations in somatic cells can have a relatively quick negative effect on an organism, possibly including death. (physicsforums.com)
Cancer is due to somatic mutations in the cells that are cancerous. (physicsforums.com)
Mutations in germline cells may not kill the germline cells immediately, but could have negative effects on an offspring generated from a germline cell carrying a mutation. (physicsforums.com)
Suggested for: Germline mutations are more harmful than mutations in somatic cells? (physicsforums.com)
Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
In people without MEN1 , two independent somatic mutations must occur within a single cell for tumor formation. (medscape.com)
Researchers who looked at the effect of aging on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) found that genetic mutations increased with the age of the donor who provided the source cells, according to study results. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers at the Scripps Translational Science Institute (STSI) and The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) who looked at the effect of aging on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) found that genetic mutations increased with the age of the donor who provided the source cells, according to study results published by the journal Nature Biotechnology . (sciencedaily.com)
Our study highlights that increased risk of mutations in iPSCs made from older donors of source cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers found that iPSCs made from donors in their late 80s had twice as many mutations among protein-encoding genes as stem cells made from donors in their early 20s. (sciencedaily.com)
Unexpectedly, iPSCs made from blood cells donated by people over 90 years old actually contained fewer mutations than what researchers had expected. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers said the reason for this could be tied to the fact that blood stem cells remaining in elderly people have been protected from mutations over their lifetime by dividing less frequently. (sciencedaily.com)
Of the 336 different mutations that were identified in the iPSCs generated for the study, 24 were in genes that could impair cell function or trigger tumor growth if they malfunctioned. (sciencedaily.com)
How troublesome these mutations could be depends on how well the stem cells are screened to filter out the defects and how they are used therapeutically, Torkamani said. (sciencedaily.com)
It is evident that some stem cell clones acquire somatic mutations that endow them with a self-renewal advantage, leading to their expansion and tissue-takeover in old age. (irbbarcelona.org)
Probable driver mutations were present in around 1% of normal colorectal crypts in middle-aged individuals, indicating that adenomas and carcinomas are rare outcomes of a pervasive process of neoplastic change across morphologically normal colorectal epithelium. (cam.ac.uk)
Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are found in up to one-quarter of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). (medlineplus.gov)
these changes are known as somatic mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the CDKN2A gene are also associated with melanoma, a type of skin cancer that begins in pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
These mutations, classified as germline mutations, are typically inherited and are present in essentially all of the body's cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Somatic mutations in other genes involved in cell growth are also needed for a melanoma to develop. (medlineplus.gov)
Together, the germline and somatic mutations impair the function of proteins that regulate division and senescence, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and the formation of a melanoma. (medlineplus.gov)
CDKN2A gene mutations involved in cancer impair production of functional p16(INK4A) or, less commonly, p14(ARF), which can result in uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)
He is currently developing single-cell, whole genome sequencing methods to study somatic mutations and epimutations in cancer and aging. (hstalks.com)
Altogether, these findings show that the mechanisms and types of (GAA)n repeat instability differ dramatically between dividing and nondividing cells, suggesting that distinct repeat-mediated mutations in terminally differentiated somatic cells might influence Friedreich's ataxia pathogenesis. (stanford.edu)
Several female malignancies including breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers can be characterized based on known somatic and germline mutations. (hindawi.com)
Somatic mutations accumulate in all cells as we age - these mutations begin to accumulate from the moment of conception and continue steadily throughout life in all tissues, even post-mitotic cells. (bifonds.de)
By the time we reach 70 years of age, our bodies will carry in the order of 100 quadrillion somatic mutations, generating huge clonal diversity among cells, providing the substrate for selective processes to enhance or suppress the growth of individual somatic clones. (bifonds.de)
The meeting will cover the characterization of somatic mutations in healthy and diseased tissues, across many organ systems, spanning the age range from foetal development to the elderly. (bifonds.de)
We will consider the roles that somatic mutations play in the earliest stages of cancer evolution, the functional decline associated with advancing age, and the pathogenesis of diseases other than cancer. (bifonds.de)
We will explore how somatic mutations and selective landscapes could be manipulated, initially in experimental models but ultimately in vivo in humans, to modify the pace of ageing and cancer development. (bifonds.de)
We are working on methods for single cell DNA sequencing to identify age-accumulated and postzygotic somatic mutations that may contribute to neurodegeneration. (a-star.edu.sg)
Somatic mutations are now recognized to contribute to clonal heterogeneity within otherwise normal, aged tissue. (techscience.com)
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders unified by the presence of distinct mutations of hematopoietic stem cells, most frequently in genes involved in RNA splicing. (msdmanuals.com)
Risk increases with age due to the acquisition of somatic mutations that can promote clonal expansion and dominance of a particular hematopoietic stem cell, and possibly due to exposure to environmental toxins such as benzene, radiation, and chemotherapeutic agents (particularly long or intense regimens and those involving alkylating agents, hydroxyurea , and/or topoisomerase inhibitors). (msdmanuals.com)

Given that OKSM (Yamanaka) factors convert somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, alterations in transcriptional state could affect destiny of the cells. (intechopen.com)
The team compiled a list of compounds that effectively converted human and mouse somatic cells into chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSCs) and assessed them using the NCC assay. (news-medical.net)
Grafted human-induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived neurospheres promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mice. (elearnsci.org)
Salewski RPF, Eftekharpour E, Fehlings MG. Are induced pluripotent stem cells the future of cell-based regenerative therapies for spinal cord injury? (elearnsci.org)
These progenitors which are derived from either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or healthy induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) express wild-type levels of a-syn, thus making them equally susceptible to developing Lewy bodies over time. (lu.se)

So when a somatic cell get a mutation on a gene it doesn't use can it have an impact on the cell? (physicsforums.com)
if a germline cell have a mutation that mutation will end up in the cells of the baby and at least one type of the baby's cells will express the mutated gene and the mutation can have an impact on the baby. (physicsforums.com)
So a mutation on germ cell have more chance of causing harm to the baby than the chance of the same mutation on somatic cell (that doesn't express the mutated gene) to cause harm to a person? (physicsforums.com)
The mutation would be inherited by all the somatic cells of the new offspring and could affect any of the cell types the particular mutation might be able to affect. (physicsforums.com)
For example, if the mutation changes the base pairs in such a way as to form a start codon, then the cell can accidentally translate and produce proteins from the wrong portion of the DNA molecule. (physicsforums.com)
Generally, yes, because, as you said, a mutation in the germline would be passed on to every cell in the offspring. (physicsforums.com)
So a mutation that degrades ATP production would harm only a single somatic cell, whereas in germline cells it can cause systemic, chronic, and potentially lethal birth defects in offspring. (physicsforums.com)
Can prime editing fix every harmful mutation in all our cells? (physicsforums.com)
In an individual with MEN1 , the first mutation is already present in all of the patient's cells, so that only a single somatic mutation is required. (medscape.com)
Any time a cell divides, there is a risk of a mutation occurring. (sciencedaily.com)
In fact, stem cells from those extremely elderly participants had mutation numbers more comparable to iPSCs made from donors one-half to two-thirds younger. (sciencedaily.com)
For example, cells made from iPSCs for a bone marrow transplant would be potentially dangerous if they contained a TET2 gene mutation linked to blood cancer, which surfaced during the study. (sciencedaily.com)
The landscape of somatic mutation in normal colorectal epithelial cells. (cam.ac.uk)
In many cases, a second, somatic mutation occurs in the normal copy of the gene in melanocytes. (medlineplus.gov)
Individuals with a CDKN2A gene mutation tend to develop melanoma at an earlier age than those without a mutation in the gene. (medlineplus.gov)
To unravel the mechanisms of repeat instability in nondividing cells, we created an experimental system to analyze the mutability of Friedreich's ataxia (GAA)n repeats during chronological aging of quiescent Saccharomyces cerevisiae Unexpectedly, we found that the predominant repeat-mediated mutation in nondividing cells is large-scale deletions encompassing parts, or the entirety, of the repeat and adjacent regions. (stanford.edu)
There is cell-to-cell, organ-to-organ, person-to-person, and country-to-country variation in mutation rates and signatures, with much of this variability remaining unexplained. (bifonds.de)
To understand whether epigenetic reprogramming can ameliorate DNA damage, we created reprogrammable accelerated aging mouse model with an ERCC1 mutation. (biorxiv.org)
A study by Lindhurst et al demonstrated that a somatic mutation in the AKT1 gene is causative for Proteus syndrome. (medscape.com)
Proteus syndrome is caused by a somatic mutation rather than a germline one, meaning that only cells descended from the affected cell will display symptoms. (medscape.com)
The random nature of the somatic mutation explains the variability of presentation in patients with Proteus syndrome. (medscape.com)

The different functions of different tissues in the brain may be more or less susceptible to age-induced changes. (wikipedia.org)
The related concept of Longevity Determination , however, is the result of a species-specific genomic expression during early development that positions the somatic tissues of an organism to survive long after its reproductive period has been completed. (agemed.org)
These have variable effectiveness in different tissues, with some tissue types retaining all of their senescent cells, suggesting that no initial clinical treatment is going to be perfect. (fightaging.org)
Even these prototypes are, however, clearing as much as a quarter of senescent cells in some tissues. (fightaging.org)
Thus, naively, a hypothetical highly efficient senescent cell clearance therapy might work just fine in a 40-something adult, with tissues containing comparatively few senescent cells, while having a strong chance of killing patients in their 70s, with tissues containing many more senescent cells and also possessed of less resilient organs. (fightaging.org)
Telomere shortening in somatic tissues largely reflects stem cell replication. (columbia.edu)
We infer from these findings that differences in telomere length between proliferative (blood and skin) and minimally proliferative tissues (muscle and fat) are established during early life, and that in adulthood, stem cells of the four tissues replicate at a similar rate. (columbia.edu)
Knockdown of Linc00942 reduces DNMT3a expression and genome-wide DNA methylation while Linc00942 overexpression increased DNMT3a expression and correlated hypermethylation in cancer cells and primary tumour tissues. (bvsalud.org)

Cancer A clonal growth (cells all descended from one ancestral cell) that undergo continuing mitotic divisions and are not inhibited in their growth when they come in contact with neighboring cells (contact inhibition). (agemed.org)
Various researchers are beginning to explore how clonal mosaicism can contribute to organismal aging across scales. (irbbarcelona.org)
The colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence has provided a paradigmatic framework for understanding the successive somatic genetic changes and consequent clonal expansions that lead to cancer1. (cam.ac.uk)
Sequencing normal colorectal cells provides quantitative insights into the genomic and clonal evolution of cancer. (cam.ac.uk)

On one hand, it is clear that epigenetic alterations accumulate with age, leading to disrupted cell function and tissue pathology. (irbbarcelona.org)
Exciting advances are now exploring whether epigenetic reprogramming can be sufficient to revert the phenotypic traits of aged organs. (irbbarcelona.org)
Loss of epigenetic information is a characteristic of cellular aging in eukaryotes, resulting in changes in gene expression, loss of cellular identity, mitochondrial malfunction, inflammation, and cellular senescence, which contribute to aging and age-related illnesses. (news-medical.net)
The fibroblasts were treated with doxycycline to activate the OSK system, and the NCC assay underwent testing to determine whether the system could identify the impact of genomically-regulated epigenetic age reversing. (news-medical.net)
The method could detect the consequences of a genetically induced epigenetic reversal of age using lentivirus transduction and gene ontology (GO) analysis. (news-medical.net)
The researchers discovered that OSK expression in cells, such as murine and human fibroblasts, may significantly repair the epigenetic environment and patterns of gene expression of aged cells. (news-medical.net)
Epigenetic programming of aging, as a continuation of development, creates an interface between the genome and the environment. (karger.com)
Applying MPTR to dermal fibroblasts from middle-aged donors, we found that cells temporarily lose and then reacquire their fibroblast identity, possibly as a result of epigenetic memory at enhancers and/or persistent expression of some fibroblast genes. (elifesciences.org)
Epigenetic dedifferentiation of somatic cells into pluripotency: cellular alchemy in the age of regenerative medicine? (elearnsci.org)
BACKGROUND: Energy balance has long been known to extend lifespans and inhibit carcinogenesis in multiple species by slowing age-related epigenetic changes while the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. (bvsalud.org)
Early-Life Adversity Associations With Later Life Epigenetic Aging Profiles in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. (cdc.gov)
This study leveraged data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) on experiences of threat and deprivation in participants' early lives (i.e., before the age of 18) to examine whether exposure to specific dimensions of early life adversity are associated with epigenetic profiles at older ages that are indicative of accelerated biological aging. (cdc.gov)
We find experiences of deprivation, but not threat, are associated with later-life GrimAge epigenetic aging signatures that were developed to predict mortality risk. (cdc.gov)
Epigenetic clocks can track both chronological age (cAge) and biological age (bAge). (cdc.gov)

This conference will provide an interdisciplinary forum for researchers interested in aging, somatic mosaicism, epigenetics, plasticity, stem cells and immunity. (irbbarcelona.org)
We are applying single cell genomics technology at GIS to study somatic mosaicism in post-mortem human brain tissue. (a-star.edu.sg)

We also molecularly defined the development of Sertoli, Leydig and peritubular myoid cells during the perinatal period, allowing us to identify candidate signaling pathways acting between somatic and germ cells in a stage-specific manner during the perinatal period. (biologists.com)
These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. (wptv.com)
Results from animal studies suggest that genetic damage in somatic and germ cells is dependent upon the metabolism of AA to GA by Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E) (Clin Chem, 2016). (cdc.gov)
Received 12 February 2009 of chemicals on germ cell mutagenicity. (cdc.gov)
Prior to the clas- sification work, the technical guidance for classification of germ cell mutagens was prepared. (cdc.gov)

This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
In large numbers senescent cells cause chronic inflammation and their collective signaling actively harms tissue structure and function. (fightaging.org)
Early studies revealed that animals deprived of PQQ exhibit signs of accelerated aging in the form of elevated plasma glucose concentrations, impaired oxygen metabolism, stunted growth, compromised immunity, impaired reproductive capability, reduced numbers and survival rate of offspring, and a decrease in energy-producing mitochondria in their tissue. (lifeextension.com)
What was special about Dolly is that her "parents" were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. (wptv.com)
The authors of the present study previously demonstrated that ectopically induced transcription factors, Octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT-4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), and Kruppel-like factor 4 ( KLF-4) (collectively known as OSK factors) among mammals can reverse aging by restoring youthful patterns of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, transcriptomic profiles, and tissue functioning without cell identity loss. (news-medical.net)
In multiple organs, including the lungs, age-related tissue and organ dysfunction interferes with tissue regeneration, which requires functional stem cells. (karger.com)
Stem cells of all organs - including the lung, which harbors distinct stem cells for each separate tissue that makes up the lung as a whole - reside in niches described as a microenvironment that supports and maintains the 'stemness' of cells as a critical reservoir for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury [ 3 ]. (karger.com)
We discuss the reasons for gender bias in intergenerational repeat instability and the tissue specificity of somatic repeat instability. (stanford.edu)
Increasingly, methods that can simultaneously capture the spatial organisation of many individual cells within intact brain tissue have gained momentum for their huge promise in revealing hitherto hidden disease phenotypes and interactions. (a-star.edu.sg)
Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic analysis is thus rapidly transforming investigation into neurological disorders, and at GIS we are applying these technologies to chart neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration using patient-derived brain organoids, genetic models and primary tissue. (a-star.edu.sg)
This recognition comes as ultra-deep sequencing technologies coupled with error-reducing sequencing techniques have enabled the detection of mutant cells occupying less than one percent of an examined tissue sample ( Martincorena, 2019 ). (techscience.com)
Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
However, post-mortem analysis of transplanted tissue revealed accumulation of pathological Lewy bodies in a small subset of transplanted cells over time, revealing a host-to-graft disease propagation. (lu.se)

Telomere length is, therefore, a marker of cell ageing and senescence 5 . (ersjournals.com)
Intrinsic aging or senescence occurs silently from within starting at the molecular level, in the same sense that termites, if unchecked, will, sooner or later, destroy the structural integrity of even the largest wooden house. (agemed.org)
In short because cellular senescence is a contributing cause of aging. (fightaging.org)
Consider the study from some years back that showed as many as 20% of the skin cells in old baboons exhibited the signature for senescence. (fightaging.org)
This effect on longevity is apparently correlated with the midgut senescence phenotypes as a result of direct hormone action through both hormone receptors expressed in the enteroblasts or other midgut cell types. (bioone.org)
These results indicate that the two intestinal secretory peptides antagonistically regulate adult lifespan and intestinal senescence through multiple pathways, irrespective of insulin, which implicates a complementary gradient distribution of each of the hormone-producing EEs, consistent with local requirements for cell activity along the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
The NCC system was developed to identify small molecules that reverse the effects of aging and senescence. (news-medical.net)
Both proteins are also involved in stopping cell division in older cells (senescence). (medlineplus.gov)
The p53 protein is an important tumor suppressor that is essential for regulating cell division, senescence, and self-destruction (apoptosis). (medlineplus.gov)
If aging is not a stochastic process of attrition but is centrally orchestrated, it is reasonable to suspect that the timing of senescence is also influenced by one or more biological clocks. (karger.com)
At the cellular and whole organ level, degenerative changes that are a hallmark of natural aging (shorter telomeres, increased expression of cellular senescence markers, increased DNA damage, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, accompanied by diminished elasticity) reach pathological levels in aging humans in the form of chronic respiratory disease. (karger.com)
Unlike aged somatic cells, which exhibit a decline in molecular fidelity and eventually reach a state of replicative senescence, pluripotent stem cells can indefinitely replenish themselves while retaining full homeostatic capacity. (biorxiv.org)

CTG expansions in DMPK gene, causing myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), are characterized by pronounced somatic instability. (figshare.com)
A large proportion of variability of somatic instability is explained by expansion size and patient's age at sampling, while individual-specific differences are attributed to additional factors. (figshare.com)
The age at onset is extremely variable in DM1, and inversely correlates with the expansion size and individual-specific differences in somatic instability. (figshare.com)
Herein, we characterized somatic instability of interrupted DMPK expansions and the effect on age at onset in our previously described patients. (figshare.com)
Single-molecule small-pool PCR quantification of somatic instability and mathematical modeling showed that interrupted expansions were characterized by lower level of somatic instability accompanied by slower progression over time. (figshare.com)
Mathematical modeling demonstrated that individual-specific differences in somatic instability had greater influence on age at onset in patients with interrupted expansions. (figshare.com)
The steady shortening of telomeres with each replication in somatic cells is linked to cellular aging, genetic instability, and tumor formation. (news-medical.net)
While it was originally believed that the size of inherited repeats is the key factor in disease development, it has become clear that somatic instability of these repeats throughout an individual's lifetime strongly contributes to disease onset and progression. (stanford.edu)
Importantly, somatic instability is commonly observed in terminally differentiated, postmitotic cells, such as neurons. (stanford.edu)
Next, we describe the consequences of the presence of long structure-forming repeats at the molecular level: somatic and intergenerational instability, fragility, and repeat-induced mutagenesis. (stanford.edu)

Accordingly, Rad51b-c.92delT variant reduced replication fork progression of patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines and pluripotent reprogramming efficiency of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. (nature.com)
However, binding of p16(INK4A) blocks CDK4's or CDK6's ability to stimulate cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)
again, risk of progression to AIDS, as determined by HIV RNA viremia and CD4+ T cell count, should guide the decision to treat. (cdc.gov)

A critical coenzyme known as PQQ activates vital cell-signaling pathways involved in creating new mitochondria, improving cellular metabolism, protecting neurons, and repairing DNA damage. (lifeextension.com)
These signaling pathways regulate a variety of physiological and molecular processes throughout the body 10 -processes that have an impact on key biomarkers of aging , such as mitochondrial function 11-16 and cellular defense against oxidative stress. (lifeextension.com)
The answer lies in the potent and unique capacity of PQQ to activate cell signaling pathways , especially those directly involved in cellular energy metabolism. (lifeextension.com)
Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to identify pathways related to the differences and similarities between chemical therapies, aging signatures, and the OSK(M)-induced iPSCs using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Reactome pathways, and HALLMARK genomic databases. (news-medical.net)
Key pathways and processes that impinge on aging are reviewed, and how they contribute to health and disease during aging is discussed. (karger.com)
In this review, we examine aging as a process dependent on specific changes in molecular pathways within multiple lung cell populations. (karger.com)

Stem cells are characterized by their ability to undergo self-renewal to maintain stem cell reserves, and, when required, to produce new, terminally differentiated cells. (karger.com)

Grey matter consists of cell bodies in the cortex and subcortical nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
These developmental defects have been attributed to incomplete reprogramming of the somatic nuclei by the cloning process. (biomedcentral.com)
These observations suggest that further studies on nuclear reprogramming are needed in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of reprogramming and significantly improve the ability of the differentiated somatic nuclei to be reprogrammed. (biomedcentral.com)
95 longitudinal ridges on the external cuticle, 2-5 chord had significantly higher OD values for total serum nuclei per section, and robust muscle cells, all of which are immunoglobulin G against D . repens somatic antigen characteristic features of D . repens ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)

Multiple different methods have been demonstrated to selectively kill senescent cells in mice, including the genetic engineering approach used a few years ago and the various senolytic drug candidates discovered more recently. (fightaging.org)
Why is the destruction of senescent cells an important goal? (fightaging.org)
Evolution likes reuse, and senescent cells are also transiently involved in wound healing and structural control over embryonic development . (fightaging.org)
Nonetheless, having too many senescent cells is a bad thing, and that is exactly what happens with advancing age: senescent cells that evade destruction linger indefinitely, and their numbers grow over time, especially once the immune system starts to decline in old age . (fightaging.org)
Periodic removal of senescent cells would solve all of these problems. (fightaging.org)
It is, however, quite possible for a therapy to be too good at killing senescent cells. (fightaging.org)
Approaches that could be this efficient in theory will be diluted or otherwise limited and delivered over a number of spaced treatments, producing a steady or stepped destruction of senescent cells at a safe pace. (fightaging.org)
GRN510, through a mechanism of telomerase activation, also suppressed the accumulation of senescent cells in the lung. (antiaging-systems.com)

From the abstract: 'Can the long arm of childhood on aging-related health be measured in real time? (cdc.gov)
ABSTRACT We studied 60 children affected with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) plus 20 age and sex matched controls. (who.int)

Disease-associated variants are being modelled in human pluripotent stem cell models including midbrain organoid models (Jo et al Cell Stem Cell 2016, Ann Neurol 2021). (a-star.edu.sg)

Aging is a major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative diseases, including mild cognitive impairment, dementias including Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular disease, Parkinson's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease. (wikipedia.org)
While much research has focused on diseases of aging, there are few informative studies on the molecular biology of the aging brain (usually spelled ageing brain in British English) in the absence of neurodegenerative disease or the neuropsychological profile of healthy older adults. (wikipedia.org)
This page is an overview of the changes associated with human brain aging, including aging without concomitant diseases. (wikipedia.org)
As a result of aging, older organisms become increasingly vulnerable to a variety of age-related diseases and conditions, culminating in death. (agemed.org)
Their presence contributes to all of the common age-related diseases via these and a range of other, similar mechanisms. (fightaging.org)
Since this RNA also facilitates the formation of DNA at telomeres-a process that can protect aging cells and destabilize tumor cells-manipulating its expression may be useful in treating cancer and other diseases. (news-medical.net)
The findings provide important clues that point to strategies for altering the expression of TERRA as a means to treat cancer and other diseases of aging, Lieberman says. (news-medical.net)
A true synthesis of all these fields will be required to identify the best avenues to delay the onset of age-related diseases in the elderly. (irbbarcelona.org)
Aging is a major risk factor for chronic diseases, which in turn can provide information about the aging of a biological system. (karger.com)
Moreover, they can be used independently to research how, for example, diseases attack cells. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Aging strongly correlates with the development and incidence of chronic respiratory diseases, including cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but is most strongly linked with development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (karger.com)
From 1993 onwards, he began work at Geron Corporation (Menlo Park, California) in which he studied the mechanism of cellular immortalization as well as cellular aging and applied his findings in the search for therapies against both cardiovascular diseases and cancer. (stanford.edu)
HSD include neoplasia and other granulomatous diseases, dom hospital population in Rostov were divided into cate- and a definitive diagnosis usually requires surgical removal gories on the basis of sex and age and analyzed by ELISA and examination of a granuloma. (cdc.gov)
Stem cells are the building blocks of modern medicine and hold the key to tackling some of the most complex diseases of our time - from lung disease to neurological disorders to cancer. (lu.se)
Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)

This is because telomeres eventually 'run out' after a certain number of cell divisions, resulting in the loss of vital genetic information from the cell's chromosome with future divisions. (news-medical.net)

One proposed mechanism for the observed age-related plasticity deficits in animals is the result of age-induced alterations in calcium regulation. (wikipedia.org)
Ruff CA, Wilcox JT, Fehlings MG. Cell-based transplantation strategies to promote plasticity following spinal cord injury. (elearnsci.org)

However, somatic cloning has been inefficient in all species in which live clones have been produced. (biomedcentral.com)

It has been suggested that age-related cognitive decline is due in part not to neuronal death but to synaptic alterations. (wikipedia.org)
has noted that there is a decrease in grey matter volume between adulthood and old age, whereas white matter volume was found to increase from age 19-40, and decline after this age. (wikipedia.org)
An accelerated rate of lung function decline with age is one of the central pathophysiological characteristics of COPD 1 . (ersjournals.com)
A wealth of studies now confirm that PQQ's cell-signaling activity translates into substantial protection against degenerative and age-related conditions, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, 1 heart degeneration, 18-20 brain injury, and cognitive decline. (lifeextension.com)
21-40 As one example, research shows that 20 mg of PQQ daily may reverse age-related cognitive decline in aging humans! (lifeextension.com)
Natural lung aging is marked by molecular changes that occur during development, maturation, and late-life decline. (karger.com)
The natural aging process is marked by molecular changes that occur during development, maturation, and decline. (karger.com)
During aging, a decline in organ function can be traced to a loss of stem cell function due to increased cell turnover, depletion of stem cells, and alterations to the stem cell niche. (karger.com)

Therefore, repeat interruptions have clinical importance for disease course in DM1 patients due to stabilizing effect on DMPK expansions in somatic cells. (figshare.com)
Repeat expansions accrue during chronological aging as well-particularly in the absence of MMR-induced DSBs. (stanford.edu)

She is now interested in identifying characteristic signatures of somatic stem cell states and develops novel tools to study stem cell divisions in vivo. (uzh.ch)

Molecular mechanisms of the initiation of transcription from TATA box have been well known as the most essential nuclear events in mammalian cells. (intechopen.com)
In a study published on-line on August 27 in Molecular Cell, the Wistar scientists, led by Lieberman, describe how they discovered the telomere proteins that interact with TERRA and the processes by which they do so. (news-medical.net)
Methods that perform molecular profiling at single-cell resolution are thus key to revealing pathophysiology and actionable disease traits. (a-star.edu.sg)

While much work has focused on the failure of epithelial cell populations as a key component of the aging process, additional studies have shown that aging, as a global phenomenon in the lung, also impacts resident endothelial, mesenchymal, and immune cell populations. (karger.com)

By managing TERRA levels we have the potential to regulate cellular aging and to impair the functioning of cancer cells. (news-medical.net)

Three to five percent of DM1 patients carry repeat interruptions and some appear with later age at onset than expected for corresponding expansion size. (figshare.com)
The age of onset of endocrine tumors is usually in the teenage years. (medscape.com)
their onset covers all life stages from infancy to old age. (who.int)

In mammals, functional analysis of the individual RAD51 paralogues in cell lines has shown similar but non-redundant contributions in DNA repair processes such as HR efficiency, RAD51 nuclear focus formation, sensitization to mitomycin C (MMC) and protection of perturbed replications forks [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
NDLI: Somatic cell nuclear transfer is associated with altered expression of angiogenic factor systems in bovine placentomes at term. (iitkgp.ac.in)
Cloning by nuclear transfer using mammalian somatic cells has enormous potential application. (biomedcentral.com)
Because cattle are a species widely used for nuclear transfer studies, and more laboratories have succeeded in cloning cattle than any other specie, this review will be focused on somatic cell cloning of cattle. (biomedcentral.com)
Somatic cell cloning (cloning or nuclear transfer) is a technique in which the nucleus (DNA) of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated metaphase-II oocyte for the generation of a new individual, genetically identical to the somatic cell donor (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Various strategies have been employed to modify donor cells and the nuclear transfer procedure in attempts to improve the efficiency of nuclear transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, Dolly was produced by what's called somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. (wptv.com)
Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. (wptv.com)
The NCC reporter system was introduced into human fibroblasts from a 22-year-old donor, and experiments were conducted to monitor age-associated alterations in nuclear permeability. (news-medical.net)

These results provide new mechanistic insights into the role of RAD51B not only in meiosis but in the maintenance of somatic genome stability. (nature.com)
The team identified six chemical cocktails that can restore a youthful genome-wide transcript profile and reverse transcriptomic age in less than a week without compromising cellular identity to a similar extent as OSK overexpression. (news-medical.net)
With his research team he was the first to develop transgenic mouse models for studying mutagenesis in vivo (in 1989) and used these models ever since in studying the possible relationship between damage to the genome and aging. (hstalks.com)

We have learned that genes in mammalian cells are transcribed into messenger RNAs (mRNAs), which are to be translated into polypeptides (proteins). (intechopen.com)

Therapies for senescent cell clearance as a treatment for aging are going to be an ongoing concern within the next few years. (fightaging.org)
Noble M, Mayer-Pröschel M, Davies JE, Davies SJA, Pröschel C. Cell therapies for the central nervous system: how do we identify the best candidates? (elearnsci.org)
Will stem cell therapies be safe and effective for treating spinal cord injuries? (elearnsci.org)
7. A CD19+ cell proportion of = 1 % of the total lymphocyte count in patients exposed to other anti-B-cell therapies more than 6 months before signing the informed consent form. (who.int)
The data presented in this thesis may serve as valuable resources to help optimize future cell replacement therapies for patients suffering from PD. (lu.se)

Hürthle cells are observed in both neoplastic and nonneoplastic conditions of the thyroid gland (eg, Hashimoto thyroiditis , nodular and toxic goiter ). (medscape.com)
Permissive histologic interpretation may result in the designation of some non-neoplastic Hürthle cell lesions as malignant tumors. (medscape.com)

read more Boston (1993-1999), a Professor of Physiology at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, Texas (1999-2005), and a Professor at the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California (2006-2008). (hstalks.com)

In the present study, researchers devised high-throughput cellular assays that can differentiate between young, older, and aged cells of the body, including transcriptomic aging clocks and real-time quantitative nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization (NCC) assays, to identify compounds that can reverse the aging process without genomic alterations. (news-medical.net)
Passaging 40.0 times resulted in senescent fibroblasts with no growth over 14 days, morphological alterations typical of aged cells, and a rise in cell-cycle regulator p21 (CDKN1A) transcripts. (news-medical.net)

Without p16(INK4A) to regulate cell growth and division (proliferation), cells can continue to grow and divide without control, which can lead to tumor formation. (medlineplus.gov)

Meiosis is a sexual division that halves the diploid somatic chromosomal complement to a haploid state. (nature.com)
Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. (wptv.com)

The death of Karl Thiersch , a German surgeon who correctly proposed that cancers grow through the spread of malignant cells, prompted other scientists to pick up his mantle and confirm the validity of his research. (popsci.com)
Colorectal cancers exhibit substantially increased mutational burdens relative to normal cells. (cam.ac.uk)
In 2012, he became a member of the Canary Center at Stanford University where he has leveraged his experience in cell and preclinical studies to develop imaging modalities to track therapeutic responses against cancer as well as detecting early stage cancers. (stanford.edu)

Engineered white blood cells may eliminate cancer? (physicsforums.com)
Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
Cancer cells often spread (or metastasize ) throughout the body by way of the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels to form tumors in new locations beyond the primary site of origin. (agemed.org)
This is probably a defense against cancer, removing from play those cells most likely to become cancerous. (fightaging.org)
This is a well known problem in the cancer research community, a section of the medical establishment very focused on selectively killing cells. (fightaging.org)
We'll just turn off telomerases in all of our cells, and then cancer cells will automatically expire! (scienceblogs.com)
Basically, their cure for cancer is to enforce the expiration date on cells even more forcefully. (scienceblogs.com)
Without one of these tumor suppressors, cells can grow and divide unchecked, leading to the development of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
The result on this occasion was the initiation of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells, which shows that curcumin can be an anti-cancer agent. (antiaging-systems.com)
In this case, the overall benefit of curcumin may be described as both anti-aging and anti-cancer. (antiaging-systems.com)
He also has professional interests in stem cell research, the biology of aging, cancer as well as telomere and telomerase biology. (stanford.edu)
Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland is an unusual and relatively rare type of differentiated thyroid cancer. (medscape.com)
6. Malignancies, including a history thereof, with the exception of cured basal cell carcinoma, cervical cancer in situ, as well as cured solid tumors with a remission of more than 5 years. (who.int)

Although Hürthle cell carcinoma was previously considered a variant of follicular cell neoplasms, which are generally less aggressive, the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of endocrine tumors reclassified it as a distinct entity. (medscape.com)

We identified both gene and protein markers for three temporally distinct ProSG cell subsets, including a migratory cell population with a transcriptome distinct from the previously defined T1- and T2-ProSG stages. (biologists.com)
Gene expression must be appropriately maintained to regulate development, differentiation, and proliferation of cells. (intechopen.com)
We demonstrate that deletion of ERRγ from DAergic neurons in adult mice was sufficient to cause a levodopa-responsive PD-like phenotype with reductions in mitochondrial gene expression and number, that partial deficiency of ERRγ hastens synuclein-mediated toxicity, and that ERRγ overexpression reduces inclusion load and delays synuclein-mediated cell loss. (nature.com)
We also observed repeat-mediated gene conversions as a result of DSB repair via ectopic homologous recombination during chronological aging. (stanford.edu)
Bioinformatic analysis of differential biology within the population of cells studied relies on inferences and grouping of cells due to the spotty nature of data within individual cell scRNA-seq gene counts. (techscience.com)
One biologically relevant variable is readily inferred from scRNA-seq gene count tables regardless of individual gene representation within single cells: aneuploidy. (techscience.com)

But the pool of research donors is likely to be significantly broader than just Caucasian women in middle to upper socioeconomic groups, and it is difficult to infer just what potential risks these research donors may face when the only available data are from a collection of women who differ from them in age, race, and socioeconomic status. (nationalacademies.org)

Telomeres are complex DNA-protein structures located at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes, which shorten with age in all replicating somatic cells 3 , 4 . (ersjournals.com)
A team of researchers from The Wistar Institute have shown that a large non-coding RNA in mammals and yeast plays a central role in helping maintain telomeres, the tips of chromosomes that contain important genetic information and help regulate cell division. (news-medical.net)
It is true to say that telomeres and telomerase are one of the hottest areas of anti-aging research, but it is also true that the misconceptions and confusion in this area are significant. (antiaging-systems.com)
This is because there are many other factors, apart from telomeres, involved in aging. (antiaging-systems.com)

they often destroyed as many good cells as cancerous ones. (popsci.com)

The funding received from the Swedish Research Council will go towards his research, 'mapping human dopamine neuron diversity at single-cell resolution for improved stem cell therapy in Parkinson's disease. (lu.se)
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects approximately 1% of people over the age of 60. (lu.se)

Here we measure telomere length in leukocytes, skeletal muscle, skin and subcutaneous fat of 87 adults (aged 19-77 years). (columbia.edu)

It's been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about Dolly the sheep , the first mammal successfully cloned from an adult body cell. (wptv.com)
This pattern goes on so that each of the trillions of cells in an adult is genetically exactly the same - whether it's in a lung or a bone or the blood. (wptv.com)
Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. (wptv.com)
At the cellular level, aging is marked by depletion of adult stem cell reservoirs, the inability to maintain baseline homeostasis, a reduced response to stress, an increased accumulation of damaged DNA leading to telomere shortening, and mitochondrial dysfunction [ 1,2 ]. (karger.com)

At the crossroads of these hypotheses lies the blood and immune system, which pervades most organs and contributes to various critical mechanisms of aging and tumor control. (irbbarcelona.org)

Repair of mitomycin-C-induced chromosomal aberrations was impaired in RAD51B/Rad51b-c.92delT human and mouse somatic cells in vitro and in explanted mouse bone marrow cells. (nature.com)
The study assessed the genetic expression patterns of chemically treated cells compared to aged human-origin cells and OSK(MYC)-induced murine and human iPSC. (news-medical.net)
Then, in February 2004 he dropped a bombshell, claiming that his SNU research team had cloned the first human embryos and extracted stem cells from them. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Hwang said his team had created a single cell line from 242 human eggs. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Religious groups believe that the raw material from which stem cells are sourced are themselves forms of human life, and by creating little chunks of humans in Petri dishes, scientists are, critics believe, playing God. (koreatimes.co.kr)
Autologous olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation in human paraplegia: a 3-year clinical trial. (elearnsci.org)
The human brain contains around 100 billion cells and 100 trillion connections. (a-star.edu.sg)
One of the top challenges in decoding neurological disorders is thus the immense diversity of cell types and connections within the human brain, and the selective vulnerability of certain brain regions and cell types. (a-star.edu.sg)
The use of human stem cell-based models, including human brain organoids and cell transplantation, will further the efforts of the scientific community to unravel the complexity of dopamine neurons, driving advancements in stem cell-based treatments in Parkinson´s disease," revealed Alessandro. (lu.se)
The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)

The conferment of beneficial-pluripotency related traits via in vivo partial cellular reprogramming (IVPR) significantly extends lifespan and restores aging phenotypes in mouse models. (biorxiv.org)

Aging entails many physical, biological, chemical, and psychological changes and the brain is no exception to this phenomenon. (wikipedia.org)
This publication serves as an introduction to systems biology and its application to biological aging. (karger.com)
Single-cell sequencing data has transformed the understanding of biological heterogeneity. (techscience.com)

Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. (wptv.com)
The neo-conservative administration of George W Bush ― an administration with a strongly Christian support base to appease ― banned stem cell research. (koreatimes.co.kr)

The endgame was never meant to be armies of genetically identical livestock: Rather, researchers continue to refine the techniques and combine them with other methods to turbocharge traditional animal breeding methods as well as gain insights into aging and disease. (wptv.com)
When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. (wptv.com)
When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. (wptv.com)

Work is also underway on induced pluripotential stem cells , where normal body cells are treated with chemicals that stimulate them to behave as though they were embryonic stem cells. (we-make-money-not-art.com)

Cells are collected from donor (a) and cultured in vitro (b). (biomedcentral.com)
The somatic cell and the oocyte is then fused (f) and the embryos is allowed to develop to a blastocyst in vitro (g). (biomedcentral.com)
From in vitro fertilization in the 1970s to today's research into artificial gametes from stem cells or somatic cells that would allow sperm and eggs to be created from anyone's cells, regardless of age, gender or sexuality. (we-make-money-not-art.com)

Aging is a physical process that doesn't normally reveal itself until after the completion of a species-specific interval of reproductive competence during which adults rear their progeny from childhood to independence (See Life History ). (agemed.org)
Aging is not normally observed in wild populations, but typically manifests itself in zoos, as virtually all post-reproductive feral creatures are removed from the population by predators once they lose their agility. (agemed.org)

Apoptosis Programmed Cell Death (PCD). (agemed.org)
Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)
Promoting tumor cell death from apoptosis . (lifeextension.com)

Scientists have found that PQQ , a critical coenzyme, plays a leading role in boosting critical cell signaling mechanisms. (lifeextension.com)
Only in the last decades notable advances have been made as we begin to unravel the causes and mechanisms of aging. (irbbarcelona.org)
This analysis is bolstered by a view of the aging organism as a whole, with conclusions about the mechanisms underlying resilience of the organism to change, and is expanded with a discussion of circadian rhythms in aging. (karger.com)
Annina joined the group end of 2014 after finishing her PhD with Yves Barral at ETH Zurich working on mechanisms underlying the retention of aging factors in yeast. (uzh.ch)
Two young researchers, with their sights set on better understanding the disease mechanisms behind age-related illnesses, were each awarded a 6 million SEK starting grant, allowing them to establish themselves as independent researchers in Sweden and advance their research forward. (lu.se)

In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. (wptv.com)
In a recent study published in the Aging Journal, researchers identified chemical drug combinations that could reverse cellular aging. (news-medical.net)
The publication is recommended to students, researchers as well as professionals dealing with public health and public policy related to an aging society. (karger.com)
Eight researchers from Lund Stem Cell Center at Lund University have been awarded 41.4 million SEK in the latest announcements from the Swedish Research Council. (lu.se)
In their latest grant announcements, eight researchers from Lund Stem Cell Center at Lund University were awarded 41.4 million SEK, giving significant funding support to ground-breaking research in the areas of medicine and health, and natural and engineering sciences. (lu.se)

That way when these so-called haploid cells come together at fertilization, they produce one cell with the full complement of DNA. (wptv.com)

This cell line is characterised by a lack of telomere shortening (and hence, constant telomere length) during cell division due to overexpression of telomerase 4 . (ersjournals.com)
However, it has to be made clear that those who expect to take a pill hoping that - through telomerase activation - will defy aging, are simply wrong. (antiaging-systems.com)
This risk will not be eliminated completely, and there is no research showing clearly that age-related damage can be totally reversed though telomerase activation. (antiaging-systems.com)
As I mentioned above, research shows certain health improving benefits of telomerase modulators, but no life-span prolonging effects, (i.e. no eradication of aging. (antiaging-systems.com)

Biomarker A measurable parameter of physiological age that is a more useful predictor of remaining life expectancy than chronological age. (agemed.org)

however, the strength of the recommendation to treat should be based on the patient's willingness to accept therapy as well as the prognosis for AIDS-free survival as determined by the HIV RNA copy per mL of plasma and the CD4+ T cell count. (cdc.gov)

PQQ has previously been shown to promote growth of new mitochondria within aging cells, 1-3 up-regulate cellular metabolism, 1,2 protect neurons, 4-7 and repair DNA! (lifeextension.com)
Because of this local degeneration of a relatively small population of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, PD has been considered an especially interesting candidate for cell-replacement therapy. (lu.se)
First, we utilized single cell sequencing to dissect the differentiation of stem cells to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (lu.se)
Second, we used directly converted neurons from sporadic patient fibroblasts to study of age-related disease relevant pathology. (lu.se)
This approach could be potentially applied directly in the brain by targeting resident cells as a source of new neurons. (lu.se)

therefore, definitive differentiation of Hürthle cell carcinoma from Hürthle-cell adenoma is based on vascular invasion and/or capsular invasion, as well as on permanent histologic sections or extrathyroidal tumor spread and lymph node and systemic metastases. (medscape.com)

It's also a self-defeating strategy, because another cause of aging is the gradual death of stem cell populations. (scienceblogs.com)

Recent reports in model organisms suggest that as organisms age, there are distinct changes in the expression of genes at the single neuron level. (wikipedia.org)
One of the hallmarks of eukaryotic cells are their membrane-bound organelles that create biochemically distinct environments within the cellular milieu. (bifonds.de)

Anatomy66

Organisms27

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs44

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes99

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science3

Mutations39

Induced plur5

Mutation21

Tissues8

Clonal4

Epigenetic14

Mosaicism2

Germ5

Tissue13

Senescence12

Instability10

Progression3

Pathways6

Terminally differentiated1

Nuclei4

Senescent cells8

Abstract2

20211

Diseases15

CHROMOSOME1

Plasticity2

Clones1

Decline8

Expansions2

Characteristic1

Molecular3

Epithelial1

Impair1

Onset3

Nuclear10

Genome3

Mammalian1

Therapies5

Neoplastic2

BUCK INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON AGING1

Alterations2

Tumor formation1

Diploid2

Cancers3

Cancer13

20171

Gene6

Donors1

Telomeres4

Cancerous1

Parkinson's2

Subcutaneous1

Adult4

Organs1

Human10

Vivo1

Biological3

Stem cell res2

Genetically3

Embryonic1

Vitro3

Reproductive2

Apoptosis3

Mechanisms5

Researchers5

Haploid1

Telomerase4

Chronological age1

Patient's1

Neurons5

Differentiation1

Populations1

Distinct2