AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
HelminthsSoilSoil MicrobiologyHelminthiasisHelminthiasis, AnimalSoil PollutantsTherapy with HelminthsIntestinal Diseases, ParasiticTrichurisAntibodies, HelminthAntigens, HelminthAncylostomatoideaAnthelminticsHelminth ProteinsNematospiroides dubiusStrongylida InfectionsNematode InfectionsCestodaParasite Egg CountAlbendazoleSoil Pollutants, RadioactiveSchistosoma mansoniProtozoan InfectionsFilarioideaSchistosomaCestode InfectionsSchistosomiasisFilariasisNippostrongylusFecesSchistosomiasis mansoniNematodaTrematodaDNA, HelminthNecator americanusFasciola hepaticaHost-Parasite InteractionsTreesBiodegradation, EnvironmentalTrematode InfectionsEcosystemRNA, Ribosomal, 16SFertilizersAgricultureParasitic DiseasesTh2 CellsBacteriaTrichinella spiralisStrongyloides stercoralisHymenolepiasisDNA, RibosomalParasitologyPhylogenyPlant RootsTaeniaNecatoriasisAscarisBiomassMebendazoleStrongyloideaGenome, HelminthStrongyloidiasisHymenolepis nanaSequence Analysis, DNABiodiversityAntiparasitic AgentsPrevalenceTrichinellosisAncylostomaDNA, BacterialParasitesPraziquantelPicaAscaris suumCoinfectionHymenolepisCarbonTaeniasisNitrogenTropical ClimateMolecular Sequence DataFascioliasisToxocariasisSpiruroideaImmunoglobulin ECote d'IvoireMansonelliasisManureBiotaSchistosoma haematobiumFungiGenes, rRNAEchinostomiasisAntinematodal AgentsEnvironmental RemediationHydrologyBasophilsParasitic Diseases, AnimalWuchereria bancroftiHygiene
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthsHelminthiasisInfectionAscarisPrevalenceStrongyloidiasisWorld Health OrganSchistosomesParasitesContaminationNematodesChemotherapyWhipwormsAlbendazolePadaDiarrhoeaAncylostomaSchool-aged childrenContaminated by human fecesImmunitySpeciesSafe reuseHumansMorbidityNematodeInfestationFavorable soilLarvaeHumanHelminthiasesInfectiveEggsControlEndemic areasRiskTreatmentPrimarilyHealthIdentify
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths1
Helminthiasis3
  • Mass deworming campaigns of school children have been used both as a preventive as well as a treatment method for helminthiasis, which includes soil transmitted helminthiasis in children. (wikipedia.org)
  • These days intestinal parasites, mostly of soil transmitted helminthiasis, affect nearly a third of global population and it severely affects underprivileged populations of developing countries where poverty, undernutrition, inadequate sanitation and lack of clean drinking water prevails(2,3). (researchsquare.com)
  • Despite the public health importance, helminthic diseases such as food-borne trematodiasis, lymphatic filariasis/elephantiasis, onchocerciasis (river blindness), schistosomiasis (bilharzia) and soil-transmitted Helminthiasis, are largely neglected. (swisstph.ch)
Infection10
  • Seventy two cases (11.2%) of the cases presented mixed infection with both intestinal protozoan and helminth parasites. (scielo.br)
  • Due to the intensity of anemia in pregnancy, they become more worsened if they acquire additional infestation of helminths, especially by hookworms as they are less resistant to infection [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Kata Kunci: parasite infection, worm infection, Soil Transmitted Helminth. (uki.ac.id)
  • Anti-helminthic drugs are used in soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections to treat and prevent the occurrence of heavy infection that causes anemia and childhood developmental problems. (uki.ac.id)
  • Hookworm infection is acquired through skin exposure to larvae in soil contaminated by human feces. (medscape.com)
  • Infection occurs through oral ingestion of food or water contaminated by soil that contains embryonated eggs from human or pig feces that hatch in the small intestine within 4 days or direct ingestion of infected uncooked pig or chicken liver containing larvae. (medscape.com)
  • Effect of sanitation on soil-transmitted helminth infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. (nih.gov)
  • We used data on the abundance of two helminth species from a rabbit population sampled monthly over 26 years in Scotland -where evidence of temperature warming and increased humidity has been recorded during the study period- and developed a helminth-host mathematical model that explicitly addressed the role of host immunity on the intensity of infection and temperature/relative humidity on the availability of free-living stage on the herbage. (confex.com)
  • We provide evidence that climate warming increases the availability of both helminth species on the herbage and the proportional increase in the intensity of infection for the helminth not regulated by immunity. (confex.com)
  • Human infection is acquired by penetration of the skin or mucous membranes by infective filariform larvae, either from autoinfection or from contact with infected soil or other material contaminated with human feces (fecal-oral route) (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Ascaris8
  • Ascaris lumbricoides ( Ascaris or roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm), Necator americanus (hookworm), and Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) are helminths (parasitic worms) that infect the intestine. (cdc.gov)
  • STH are transmitted through ingestion of the tiny, infectious eggs of Ascaris, whipworm, and some hookworm, and through skin transmission for hookworm. (cdc.gov)
  • Once in soil, infective larvae of Ascaris and whipworms develop in the fertile eggs and, if ingested by a human host, hatch and develop into adult worms over several months. (cdc.gov)
  • Worm infections caused by soil-transmitted helminths like roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) pose an enormous health burden. (unibas.ch)
  • Schistosomes and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) (hookworm, Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides) are widely distributed in developing countries where they infect over 230 million and 1.5 billion people, respectively. (ac.ke)
  • They are one of three major groups of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), the others being Ascaris and hookworms, that impede the socioeconomic development of entire populations. (nature.com)
  • Some species, including Enterobius vermicularis, can be transmitted directly from person to person, while others, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, and Ancylostoma duodenale, require a soil phase for development. (medscape.com)
  • Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura and hookworms, collectively referred to as soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), are the most common intestinal parasites [ 7 ]. (ispub.com)
Prevalence5
  • Prevalence of multi-gastrointestinal infections with helminth, protozoan and Campylobacter spp. (ajtmh.org)
  • Objective: Although soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are endemic in Solomon Islands, there are few recent reports on their prevalence. (who.int)
  • This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal pathogenic protozoans and helminth parasites among food handlers in and around University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan. (scielo.br)
  • Background A survey of prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections and associated risk factors among pupils of primary schools carried out between June and July 2015. (bmj.com)
  • Faecal prevalence, distribution and risk factors associated with canine soil- transmitted helminths contaminating urban parks across Australia. (australiandoglover.com)
Strongyloidiasis1
  • Strongyloidiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the soil-transmitted helminth (STH) Strongyloides spp . (cdc.gov)
World Health Organ2
  • Current World Health Organization recommendations for the diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths (STH) rely on antiquated microscopy-based techniques that lack both diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. (umass.edu)
  • Acknowledging this contribution in 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) has nominated Swiss TPH as a WHO Collaborating Centre for Epidemiology and Control of Helminth Infections. (swisstph.ch)
Schistosomes1
  • Macroparasites [9] ( worms or helminths ) including nematodes such as parasitic roundworms and pinworms , tapeworms (cestodes), and flukes ( trematodes , such as schistosomes ). (wikipedia.org)
Parasites6
  • Deworming (sometimes known as worming, drenching or dehelmintization) is the giving of an anthelmintic drug (a wormer, dewormer, or drench) to a human or animals to rid them of helminths parasites, such as roundworm, flukes and tapeworm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Food handlers plays a primary role in the transmission of pathogenically important protozoans and helminth parasites. (scielo.br)
  • In a third category, the parasites may spend a part of their life cycle in the soil before becoming infective to humans. (medscape.com)
  • Intestinal parasitic infections caused by protozoans and helminths are globally endemic and have been described as constituting the greatest single worldwide cause of illness and disease [ 5 6 ], in fact about one third of the world, more than two billion people, are infected with intestinal parasites [ 6 ]. (ispub.com)
  • Playing in the mud, sucking their fingernails, and eating soil/sand easily exposes these children to the eggs and larvae of these parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since receiving a GID training fellowship in 2007, Dr. Rajiv Sarkar has progressed from a trainee investigating childhood enteric infections in communities in India to a co-investigator on a multi-country project seeking to interrupt the spread of soil-transmitted helminths - some of the most common parasites in the world - in endemic communities. (nih.gov)
Contamination2
  • Soil becomes infectious around 5-10 days after contamination and remains so for 3-4 weeks, depending on conditions. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] where they are perpetuated by contamination of soil by human feces or use of untreated feces as fertilizer and the water or food contaminated by the eggs is ingested. (medscape.com)
Nematodes2
  • Soil transmitted nematodes are impediments to human health and agricultural production. (frontiersin.org)
  • Soil transmitted nematodes i.e. (frontiersin.org)
Chemotherapy2
  • Over 20 million preschool-age children (PSAC) in Nigeria require periodic chemotherapy (PC) for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This guideline provides global, evidence-informed recommendations on preventive chemotherapy (deworming), as a public health intervention in areas endemic for soil-transmitted helminths, to decrease the worm burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections in children, adolescent girls, women of reproducti. (bvsalud.org)
Whipworms3
  • Soil-transmitted helminth infections are caused by different species of parasitic worms, including whipworms, hookworms and roundworms. (unibas.ch)
  • Current research is focussed on possible development of benzimidazole (Albendazole, mebendazole) resistance in soil transmitted helminths such as hookworms, whipworms and large roundworms. (mcgill.ca)
  • Whipworms are common soil-transmitted helminths that cause debilitating chronic infections in man. (nature.com)
Albendazole1
Pada1
  • Obat anti helmintik digunakan pada infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) untuk mengobati dan mencegah terjadinya infeksi berat yang mengakibatkan anemia dan gangguan tumbuh kembang anak. (uki.ac.id)
Diarrhoea1
  • Unsafe water, poor sanitation and hygiene are directly linked to undernutrition in children through three key pathways: diarrhoea, intestinal worms (soil-transmitted helminths) and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). (susana.org)
Ancylostoma1
  • Ancylostoma duodenale also can be transmitted when larvae are ingested. (cdc.gov)
School-aged children1
Contaminated by human feces1
  • The image below depicts a roundworm that infects humans through soil contaminated by human feces. (medscape.com)
Immunity1
  • In contrast, there was no significant long-term positive trend for the immune-controlled helminth, since immunity reduced the net outcome of climate on parasite dynamics. (confex.com)
Species1
  • Many people suffer from multiple species of helminth infections. (swisstph.ch)
Safe reuse1
  • EM-based fermentation was, however, found to be insufficient as an FS treatment to render safe reuse, particularly with respect to helminth inactivation. (iwaponline.com)
Humans1
  • To fill the anthelminthic drug pipeline, Swiss TPH researchers have now tested the drug emodepside for the first time in humans infected with soil-transmitted helminths. (unibas.ch)
Morbidity1
  • According to a World Bank report, morbidity due to helminth infections accounts for an estimated 20% of the disability-adjusted life years lost due to infectious diseases in children less than 14 years old [ 15 ]. (ispub.com)
Nematode1
  • Due to the role of contaminated soil in their transmission, this group of nematode worms are known as soil-transmitted helminths (STH). (cdc.gov)
Infestation1
  • The first type of life cycle allows development of nonparasitic adults, both males and females, in the soil, which can indefinitely maintain infestation of the soil. (medscape.com)
Favorable soil2
  • Larval growth is most proliferative in favorable soil that is sandy, moist, and covered from direct sunlight with an optimal temperature of 20-30°C. (medscape.com)
  • Fertilized eggs released into favorable soil may become infectious within 5-10 days. (medscape.com)
Larvae3
  • Hookworm eggs are not infective-the eggs hatch and release larvae that must mature in soil before they become infective. (cdc.gov)
  • L3 larvae live in the top 2.5 cm of soil and move vertically toward moisture and oxygen. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] Transmission occurs after 5 or more minutes of skin contact with soil that contains viable larvae. (medscape.com)
Human3
  • STH have widespread global distribution and are endemic in countries with tropical or subtropical climates and where sanitation is poor, human feces are used as fertilizer ("night soil"), or water supplies are contaminated. (cdc.gov)
  • They are transmitted by eggs present in human faeces which in turn contaminate soil in areas where sanitation is poor. (thiswormyworld.org)
  • The life cycle of hookworms begins with the passing of hookworm eggs in human feces and their deposition into the soil. (medscape.com)
Helminthiases2
  • Is the Subject Area "Soil-transmitted helminthiases" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
  • So this is a huge milestone towards controlling and eliminating soil-transmitted helminthiases," Keiser adds. (unibas.ch)
Infective2
  • After deposition onto soil and under appropriate conditions, each egg develops into an infective larva. (medscape.com)
  • Fertile eggs embryonate and become infective after 18 days to several weeks (3) , depending on the environmental conditions (optimum: moist, warm, shaded soil). (medscape.com)
Eggs2
  • Adult female worms produce thousands of eggs daily that are passed in feces and, if conditions allow, deposited in soil. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 11 ] Eggs may remain viable in soil for up to 10 years. (medscape.com)
Control2
Endemic areas2
  • Travelers to endemic areas should wear footwear when walking on the beach and other areas with soil. (medscape.com)
  • Community education in endemic areas should include sewage management, avoidance of soil contaminated with feces or use of feces for fertilizer, wearing of protective clothing when handling sewage or contaminated soil, and wearing of shoes while outdoors. (medscape.com)
Risk1
  • More than half of the world's population is at risk of infections through parasitic worms (helminths). (swisstph.ch)
Treatment2
  • The Carter Center conducted a study on the transition of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth treatment to the primary health system in four districts across Nigeria. (campaigneffectiveness.org)
  • Transition schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth treatment programs to the primary health care system or routine health services in select districts currently supported by The Carter Center. (campaigneffectiveness.org)
Primarily2
  • Work primarily contributed by the Group Helminths and Health . (swisstph.ch)
  • Work primarily contributed by the Unit Helminth Drug Development . (swisstph.ch)
Health1
  • Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are one of the major public health problems as it predominantly affects people in low- and middle-income countries [ 1 - 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Identify1